ZP-CI/OFDM: A Power Efficient Wireless Transmission Technology

Low power efficiency is a deficiency in traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To counter this problem, a new wireless transmission technology based on Zero-Padding Carrier Interferometry OFDM (ZP-CI/OFDM) is proposed. In a ZP-CI/OFDM system, transmission symbols are spread to all OFDM subcarriers via carrier interferometry codes. This reduces the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) that traditional OFDM suffers and also exploits frequency diversity gain. By zero-padding at the transmitter, advanced receiver technologies can be adopted for ZP-CI/OFDM so that frequency diversity gain can be further utilized and the power efficiency of the system is improved.     

ZP-CI/OFDM：一种高功率效率的无线传输技术

针对传统正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的功率效率问题,文章给出一种新的基于添零方式的载波干涉正交频分复用（ZP-CI/OFDM）无线传输技术。ZP-CI/OFDM通过载波干涉码将发射符号扩展到所有OFDM子载波上,在有效消除传统OFDM面临的峰值平均功率比问题的同时,充分利用多载波的频率分集增益;同时,ZP-CI/OFDM通过在发射端添零,采用先进的接收机技术进一步利用频率分集增益,提高系统的功率效率。     

The impact of impulse postfix length on the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems

The impulse postfix OFDM (IP‐OFDM) system exploits the IP, which consists of a high power impulse sample and several zero samples at the end of a zero padded‐OFDM symbol block, to estimate channel impulse response (CIR) in time domain. In this paper, the impact of IP length on the BER performance of the IP‐OFDM system is analyzed. According to the analytic results, the BER performance can be significantly degraded with both a shorter length of IP as well as a longer length of IP than that of the CIR. Thus, an adaptive IP scheme, which adjusts the length of IP adaptively depending on the length of CIR, is proposed to enhance the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems and its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations. The BER performance of the IP‐OFDM systems with the proposed adaptive scheme is compared with that of the conventional IP‐OFDM system over various modulation schemes. Simulation results show that the IP‐OFDM with the proposed scheme can achieve about 2 dB performance enhancement compared with that of conventional systems at BER=10^?2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SINR analysis of FFH/OFDM over frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel

Fast frequency hopping/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FFH/OFDM) has been previously proposed to achieve frequency diversity over frequency selective channels. However, the performances of the FFH/OFDM scheme have been usually calculated using simulations over empirical channel models in earlier works. The main aim of this paper is to theoretically expose the diversity of the FFH/OFDM signal over statistical models, specifically Rayleigh distributed, for frequency selective fading channels. In order to achieve this aim, we first derive the decision variables and the signal‐to‐interference noise ratios of the FFH/OFDM signal at the output of minimum mean square error and zero forcing receivers. For various levels of quadrature amplitude modulation used in FFH/OFDM, the performances are calculated and validated via simulations. The results show that FFH/OFDM in case of zero forcing equalization does not provide any diversity gain even over a frequency selective channel. However, in case of minimum mean square error equalization, it brings significant diversity gain at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values with the rise of number of sub‐carriers. Moreover, the FFH/OFDM with four quadrature amplitude modulation scheme provides better performance than that of the conventional OFDM even at low SNR values, as well as a significant diversity gain at high SNR values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

异步OFDM空时协同分集方案

提出一种基于空时分组编码的异步正交频分复用（OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）协同分集方案。提出的方案在中继节点实现OFDM调制及OFDM符号的时间反转和复共轭,信宿节点接收信号的每个OFDM子载波都具有Alamouti空时分组编码结构。信宿节点采用最大似然（ML,Maximum Likelihood）译码准则译码。仿真结果表明,提出的异步OFDM空时协同分集方案无需两个中继节点的同步可获得二阶分集增益,且与其它协同分集方案相比,该方案的误比特率和实现复杂度都更低。     

基于交叉复用技术的OFDM-WDM 光传输系统的性能分析

基于正交频分复用(OFDM)与波分复用(WDM)的基本原理,构建了一套基于OFDM技术的WDM传输系统的系统模型,并对其相关系统性能进行了理论分析。基于维纳相位噪声模型,文章对OFDM系统中相位噪声引起的公共相位误差和子载波间干扰进行了分析,在此基础上深入分析了基于交叉复用OFDM技术的OFDM子载波间干扰的消除方法,降低相位噪声对系统性能的影响。最后结合理论分析结果对系统模型的相关性能进行模拟计算,分析结果表明:采用交叉复用OFDM技术在降低相位噪声对OFDM系统性能的影响的同时,提高了系统的信号处理能力。     

多载波CDMA系统仿真与性能分析

多载波CDMA是OFDM和CDMA结合的综合技术,兼有OFDM和CDMA的优点,可以在无线信道中传送高速数据流,在频谱效率、频率分集、抗多径干扰等方面都能获得较大好处。首先介绍了OFDM的基本原理,给出MC-CDMA的系统模型,然后通过仿真,比较了OFDM系统和MC-CDMA系统的误码性能。结果表明,MC-CDMA系统性能优于OFDM系统,说明了OFDM和CDMA技术结合的必要性。     

Sidelobe suppression in OFDM-based spectrum sharing systems using adaptive symbol transition

In this letter, we introduce a new method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sidelobe suppression. An extension is added to OFDM symbols that is calculated using optimization methods to minimize adjacent channel interference (ACI) while keeping the extension power at an acceptable level. Using this technique, interference to adjacent signals is reduced significantly at the cost of a small decrease in the useful symbol energy. The proposed method can be used by cognitive radio (CR) systems to shape the spectrum of OFDM signals and to minimize interference to licensed users (LU), or to reduce the size of guard bands used in conventional OFDM systems.     

Low Complexity Discrete Hartley Transform Precoded OFDM System over Frequency‐Selective Fading Channel

Orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from spectral nulls of frequency‐selective fading channels. Linear precoded (LP‐) OFDM is an effective method that guarantees symbol detectability by spreading the frequency‐domain symbols over the whole spectrum. This paper proposes a computationally efficient and low‐cost implementation for discrete Hartley transform (DHT) precoded OFDM systems. Compared to conventional DHT‐OFDM systems, at the transmitter, both the DHT and the inverse discrete Fourier transform are replaced by a one‐level butterfly structure that involves only one addition per symbol to generate the time‐domain DHT‐OFDM signal. At the receiver, only the DHT is required to recover the distorted signal with a single‐tap equalizer in contrast to both the DHT and the DFT in the conventional DHT‐OFDM. Theoretical analysis of DHT‐OFDM with linear equalizers is presented and confirmed by numerical simulation. It is shown that the proposed DHT‐OFDM system achieves similar performance when compared to other LP‐OFDMs but exhibits a lower implementation complexity and peak‐to‐average power ratio.     

光正交频分复用信号垂直泵浦全光波长变换研究

理论分析了一种基于垂直泵浦结构光半导体放大器(SOA)的偏振无关光正交频分复用(OOFDM)信号波长变换模型,实验证明了基于SOA-四波混频(FWM)的OOFDM信号波长变换的可行性,观测到OOFDM在SOA引入噪声而带来的信号劣化。实验成功实现了2.5Gbit/s光OFDM信号的波长变换,其误码率为1×10-3的接收机功率代价可以忽略,其极化敏感度小于3dB。     

OFDM技术及其应用

首先对OFDM的发展以及应用做了简要的介绍,然后讨论了当前OFDM研究过程中的两个关键技术问题,最后展望了OFDM的未来发展。     

Constant Envelope OFDM

This paper describes a transformation technique aimed at solving the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem associated with OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing). Constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) transforms the OFDM signal, by way of phase modulation, to a signal designed for efficient power amplification. At the receiver, the inverse transformation?phase demodulation?is applied prior to the conventional OFDM demodulator. The performance of CE-OFDM is analyzed in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. CE-OFDM is shown to achieve good performance in dense multipath with the use of cyclic prefix transmission in conjunction with a frequencydomain equalizer (FDE). By way of computer simulation and hardware realization, CE-OFDM is shown to compare favorably to conventional OFDM.     

OFDM解调器在若干干扰样式下的性能分析

OFDM技术在无线通信中应用日益广泛。本文基于OFDM系统接收端信号流程，依次分析了高斯白噪声（AWGN）、单音、多音、扫频、转发等干扰样式下OFDM解调器的性能。根据分析结果认为，OFDM技术抗人为干扰能力方面，需要和其他抗干扰技术结合使用。     

Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for FM and Symbiotic FM Radio Data System Hybrid Signal

The symbiotic FM radio data system(SRDS)is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal,which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems.The cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol has the same length as the OFDM body,which enables the analytic separation of the co-channel OFDM and FM signal at receiver side,utilizing the fact that the OFDM body and prefix is equal.In this work,we show that the OFDM body and prefix cannot be viewed as equal when there is sufficient carrier frequency offset(CFO).Thus,we propose a two-step CFO estimation algorithm for FM and SRDS hybrid signal.The first step estimates the coarse CFO by exploring the characteristics of the FM signal.Once the coarse CFO is removed,the residual CFO is small enough for FM and OFDM separation.The second step fine estimates CFO from the OFDM-only signal using its repeated PN structure after the separation.Detailed mathematical equations are formulated and simulation results are given.The results show that the proposed algorithm works fine with the simulation setup and has a final residual CFO less than 3.9Hz.     

解决OFDM系统频偏的正交序列设计

针对OFDM对多普勒效应非常敏感的问题,研究了采用设计特定的正交序列来消除干扰,提高系统性能.根据OFDM系统的原理,建立了OFDM基础模型,推导出多普勒对系统传输过程的影响.针对应用设计的正交序列自相关、互相关性好和可选码序列比传统码多的特点,对传输信息进行信道编码.将该码序列变换置于IFFT之前,接收端采用软判决,提高了系统信噪比.Matlab仿真显示系统的误码率相对于标准BPSK调制的OFDM系统大幅度下降.     

Performance analysis of adaptive loading OFDM under Rayleigh fading

In this paper, we investigate the performance of adaptive loading orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) under Rayleigh fading with maximal ratio-combining (MRC) diversity at the receiver. We assume that channel-state information is available at both the transmitter and the receiver. Closed-form expressions for the lower bound on the average capacity of OFDM transmission under Rayleigh fading are provided for ideal MRC diversity. Simple approximate expressions for the average capacity of the Rayleigh-fading channel are also provided for the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) case. In the second part of this paper, a maximum-rate adaptive-loading strategy is derived for uncoded quadrature-amplitude-modulation modulated OFDM. Simple lower bound expressions and high-SNR approximations are provided for the average spectral efficiency of the maximum-rate adaptive-loaded uncoded OFDM under Rayleigh-fading channel conditions. According to the results, the performance of the uncoded adaptive-loading OFDM is about 8.5 dB inferior to the capacity bound at 10/sup -5/ symbol error probability under frequency-selective Rayleigh fading.     

一种OFDM调制解调器的FPGA实现

OFDM技术在高速数据传输中得到了广泛的应用，根据OFDM的特点，提出了一种基于IFFT/FFT的OFDM调制解调器的低成本FPGA实现方法，最后给出了FPGA上的15点FFT运算单元的计算结果。实践证明，该方法具有设计简单、快速、高效和实时性好等特点。     

利用分形合维数的OFDM信号与单载波信号识别研究

针对OFDM信号与单载波信号的特点,首次把分形理论应用于OFDM信号的识别上,提出一种利用分形盒维数的OFDM信号和单载波信号的识别方法。通过对通信信号中分形盒维数的数学分析,分别计算出OFDM信号和常见单载波信号的分形盒维数,把分形盒维数作为特征值,采用基于分形盒维数的识别方法完成OFDM信号与单载波信号的识别。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有计算复杂度低、识别准确度高等的特点。