混凝预处理洗浴废水中的LAS

以洗浴废水为研究对象,比较了铝盐、铁盐及有机高分子混凝剂对洗浴废水中的LAS去除效果,筛选出聚合氯化铝（PAC）作为混凝剂处理效果较好,进而采用单因素试验研究了混凝剂的投加量,废水的pH,静沉时间,搅拌强度和搅拌时间对LAS去除率的影响,结果表明PAC投加量为45 mg/L,废水pH值为6.0～8.0,静沉时间为15 min,中速（150 r/min）搅拌3 min,慢速（50 r/min）搅拌10 min时混凝效果最佳,对LAS的去除率达44.75%。     

UV/H2O2/微曝气处理微污染水中苯胺的试验研究

采用UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2、UV/微曝气、H2O2/微曝气四种工艺处理受苯胺污染的水源水.试验结果表明,采用UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺,H2O2投加量分别为1,2,5,10和20 mL,对苯胺均有理想的去除效果.随着投加量的增加,苯胺的去除率并没有明显的提高,反应30 min后去除率分别达到94.3%,96.4%,96.5%,97.3%和96.8%.原水苯胺为0.90 mg/L时,投加1 mL H2O2反应30 min后,出水苯胺为0.06 mg/L,满足标准要求.UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2、UV/微曝气、H2O2/微曝气四种工艺对苯胺的去除率均随着时间的增长而提高,40 min后趋于平稳,最高去除率分别为97.9%,94.5%,64.27%和13.84%,UV/H2O2/微曝气、UV/H2O2出水苯胺均低于规定限值.     

O3／H2O2艺去除饮用水中2-MIB的效能与机制

以2-甲基异莰醇（MIB）为嗅味物质的代表物,采用过氧化氢／臭氧氧化（O3／H2O2）工艺去除水中嗅味物质,考察了O3／H2O2工艺对水中2一MIB的去除效能与主导作用机制。研究表明,投加H2O2显著提高了单独0,氧化对2-MIB的去除效能,H2O2与O3最佳物质的量比为0．3：1,且2-MIB去除效果随pH值的升高而升高。叔丁醇对2-MIB的去除表现出显著的抑制作用,在O3氧化2-MIB过程中,除O3分子氧化2-MIB外,O3在水中自分解产生的强氧化性的羟基自由基（HO·）也具有协同氧化作用。不同浓度的天然有机物（NOM）对2-MIB去除效果的影响不同,较低浓度的NOM促进了2-MIB的去除,但随着其浓度的升高,2-MIB去除率明显降低。O3／H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB表现出良好的去除效果,是强化去除水中2-MIB等致臭微量有机物的重要工艺。     

O3/H2O2联合氧化法预处理制药废水的初步探讨

针对制药废水的特点和目前制药废水预处理技术现状,介绍了O3/H2O2在制药废水处理中的应用,阐述了O3/H2O2氧化工艺机理,分析了O3/H2O2联合氧化法在工程实际中的应用情况,并通过与其他方法对比,得出该工艺是最好的制药废水预处理工艺。     

混凝沉淀砂滤炭滤对盥洗废水的中水回用研究

针对重庆市某办公楼盥洗废水的中水回用,建立了混凝、沉淀、砂滤、活性炭吸附工艺模型,利用模型进行了试验研究,模型处理结果显示出水达到了杂用水冲厕、道路清扫、城市绿化回用的要求。     

H2O2强化水力空化降解二甲苯的试验研究

进行了水力空化单独作用和水力空化与H2O2联用降解相同浓度二甲苯废水的对比试验,结果表明：H2O2对水力空化具有强化作用,加入10ml 25mg/l的H2O2,可使含5.0mg/l二甲苯废水溶液的降解率在120min时达到51.42%。     

对“投加H2O2地层除铁试验研究”一文的讨论

《中国给水排水》杂志1988年第4期刊登了“投加H_2O_2地层除铁试验研究”一文。该文根据苏联《给水及卫生工程》杂志1981年第6期刊登的“用过氧化氢在地层中进行地下水除铁”短文,在实验室进行了H_2O_2化学氧化Fe~(2+)的     

O3/H2O2工艺去除饮用水中2-MIB的效能与机制

以2-甲基异莰醇(MIB)为嗅味物质的代表物,采用过氧化氢/臭氧氧化(O3/H2O2)工艺去除水中嗅味物质,考察了O3/H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB的去除效能与主导作用机制。研究表明,投加H2O2显著提高了单独O3氧化对2-MIB的去除效能,H2O2与O3最佳物质的量比为0.3∶1,且2-MIB去除效果随pH值的升高而升高。叔丁醇对2-MIB的去除表现出显著的抑制作用,在O3氧化2-MIB过程中,除O3分子氧化2-MIB外,O3在水中自分解产生的强氧化性的羟基自由基(HO.)也具有协同氧化作用。不同浓度的天然有机物(NOM)对2-MIB去除效果的影响不同,较低浓度的NOM促进了2-MIB的去除,但随着其浓度的升高,2-MIB去除率明显降低。O3/H2O2工艺对水中2-MIB表现出良好的去除效果,是强化去除水中2-MIB等致臭微量有机物的重要工艺。     

A／O（A2／0）理论在分段进水脱氮除磷工艺中的应用研究

采用A／O（A。／0）理论设计的试验装置,在缺氧与好氧容积比Vd／V0分别为3／7、1／1、6／4条件下,进行分点进水试验。     

倒置A^2／O工艺的原理与特点研究

通过短时厌氧环境的生化特性,厌氧／缺氧环境倒置效应和小型系统平行对比试验,较系统地研究了倒置Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺的原理和工艺特点。指出：（１）聚磷菌厌氧有效释磷水平的充分与否,并不决定其在后续曝气条件下过度吸磷能力的充分必要条件。推进聚磷菌过度吸磷的本质动力与厌氧区ＨＲＴ和厌氧环境的厌氧程度有关。在一定范围内,厌氧环境的ＨＲＴ越长,厌氧程度越充分,聚磷的菌动力越强。把常规生物脱氮除磷系统的厌氧、缺氧环境     

H2O2催化氧化预处理受污染源水的试验研究

利用静态批量试验研究H2O2在FeSO4,FeCl3和水合MnO2三种催化剂的作用下对受污染源水预处理的效果,试验结果表明H2O2催化氧化预处理对受污染源水中的浊度、UV254和TOC的去除有较好的效果。     

The effect of UV/H2O2 treatment on biofilm formation potential

Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW) evaluated the efficacy of ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation (UV/H₂O₂) for reducing trace organic contaminants in natural water with varying water qualities. A year-long UV/H₂O₂ pilot study was conducted to examine a variety of seasonal and granular activated carbon (GAC) breakthrough conditions. The UV pilot-scale reactors were set to consistently achieve 80% atrazine degradation, allowing comparison of low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP) lamp technologies for by-product formation. Because hydroxyl radicals react non-selectively with organic compounds, unintended by-product formation occurred.Total assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration increased through the reactors from 14 to 33% on average, depending on water quality. Natural organic matter (NOM) contains the precursors for AOC production, so when post-GAC water (versus conventionally treated water) served as reactor influent, less AOC was produced. No appreciable difference in AOC concentration was observed between LP and MP UV reactors. The Spirillum strain NOX fraction of the AOC increased from 50 to 65% on average, depending on the quality of the water. The increase in this fraction of AOC occurred because oxidation of NOM yielded smaller more assimilable organic compounds such as organic acids that are necessary for NOX growth. The Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 AOC concentration increased only when conventionally treated plant water was used as pilot influent. This organism thrives in waters of differing organic energy sources, but does not thrive well in carboxylic acids alone. The CONV water had more overall TOC that could contribute to higher P17 AOC counts.Biofilm coupon studies indicated that biofilms with greater heterotrophic plate counts were observed in the granular activated carbon (GAC) effluent streams receiving UV/H₂O₂ pre-treatment. Biofilm coupon studies additionally indicated that the effluent stream of the GAC column proceeded by the MP reactor exhibited more viable biofilm than the other GAC effluent streams based on an ATP-bioluminescence method. The increased viability of the biofilm produced by the MP UV reactor is likely a result of the multiple UV wavelengths and higher energy input characteristic of this technology.     

Efficiency and energy requirements for the transformation of organic micropollutants by ozone, O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2

The energy consumptions of conventional ozonation and the AOPs O₃/H₂O₂ and UV/H₂O₂ for transformation of organic micropollutants, namely atrazine (ATR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were compared. Three lake waters and a wastewater were assessed. With p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) as a hydroxyl radical (^•OH) probe compound, we experimentally determined the rate constants of organic matter of the selected waters for their reaction with ^•OH (k_OH,DOM), which varied from 2.0 × 10⁴ to 3.5 × 10⁴ L mgC⁻¹ s⁻¹. Based on these data we calculated ^•OH scavenging rates of the various water matrices, which were in the range 6.1-20 × 10⁴ s⁻¹. The varying scavenging rates influenced the required oxidant dose for the same degree of micropollutant transformation. In ozonation, for 90% pCBA transformation in the water with the lowest scavenging rate (lake Zürich water) the required O₃ dose was roughly 2.3 mg/L, and in the water with the highest scavenging rate (Dübendorf wastewater) it was 13.2 mg/L, corresponding to an energy consumption of 0.035 and 0.2 kWh/m³, respectively. The use of O₃/H₂O₂ increased the rate of micropollutant transformation and reduced bromate formation by 70%, but the H₂O₂ production increased the energy requirements by 20-25%. UV/H₂O₂ efficiently oxidized all examined micropollutants but energy requirements were substantially higher (For 90% pCBA conversion in lake Zürich water, 0.17-0.75 kWh/m³ were required, depending on the optical path length). Energy requirements between ozonation and UV/H₂O₂ were similar only in the case of NDMA, a compound that reacts slowly with ozone and ^•OH but is transformed efficiently by direct photolysis.     

UV/H_2O_2降解水中痕量NDMA的效能研究

采用UV/H2O2降解水中的痕量NDMA,考察了水中NDMA初始浓度、H2O2投量、pH、天然有机物及常见阴离子等因素的影响,并分析了NDMA的降解产物。结果表明,在UV辐照度为1 000μW/cm2、NDMA初始浓度为0.1 mmol/L、H2O2投量为20 mg/L、pH值为4的条件下,UV/H2O2对NDMA的降解效果较好(反应5 min后对NDMA的去除率接近100%);水中的天然有机物和Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、HCO3-等阴离子对NDMA的降解均有抑制作用,腐殖酸浓度越大其抑制作用越强,阴离子的抑制作用由大到小依次为HCO3-、NO3-、SO24-、Cl-;NDMA的主要降解产物为二甲胺和硝酸盐,此外还有少量亚硝酸盐、甲酸盐和甲胺生成。     

高级氧化法去除水中污染物的研究进展

药物和个人护理品已然成为了构成环境和人类健康潜在危害的新型污染物。由于他们的毒性、持久性和生物积累性,传统工艺很难去除这些污染物。近几年,高级氧化法(AOPs)被广泛地应用于降解污染物。高级氧化体系所产生的活性物质能有效去除污染物。本文综述了UV-Fenton、UV/O_3、UV/H_2O_2和UV/PMS工艺的原理、应用、优缺点及展望。     

Advanced oxidation of the pharmaceutical drug diclofenac with UV/H2O2 and ozone

Diclofenac, a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, has been found in many Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, rivers and lake waters, and has been reported to exhibit adverse effects on fish. Advanced oxidation processes, ozonation and H2O2/UV were investigated for its degradation in water. The kinetic of the degradation reaction and the nature of the intermediate products were still poorly defined. Under the conditions adopted in the present study, both ozonation and H2O2/UV systems proved to be effective in inducing diclofenac degradation, ensuring a complete conversion of the chlorine into chloride ions and degrees of mineralization of 32% for ozonation and 39% for H2O2/UV after a 90 min treatment. The reactions were found to follow similar, but not identical, reaction pathways leading to hydroxylated intermediates (e.g. 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-5-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and C-N cleavage products (notably 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) through competitive routes. Subsequent oxidative ring cleavage leads to carboxylic acid fragments via classic degradation pathways. In the pH range 5.0-6.0 kinetic constants (1.76 x 10(4)-1.84 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) were estimated for diclofenac ozonation.     

UV-H2O2工艺降解饮用水中阿特拉津的试验研究

采用紫外—过氧化氢（UV—H2O2）的光激发氧化工艺去除饮用水中的内分泌干扰物——阿特拉津，考察了影响降解效果的因素。试验结果表明：紫外—过氧化氢工艺对阿特拉津有较好的去除效果，阿特拉津的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型。通过提高照射光强，可以提高对阿特拉津的去除速率。过氧化氯浓度对阿特拉津的降解具有促进和抑制的双重作用：当H2O2浓度〈60mg／L时，降解阿特拉津的一级反应速率常数随H2O2浓度的增加而线性增加；当H2O2浓度〉80mg／L时，该反应速率常数的增加速率变得缓慢；当H2O2浓度〉120mg／L时，阿特拉津的降解受到明显抑制。阿特拉津初始浓度对降解过程没有影响。自来水中羟基自由基捕获剂及有机物的存在，会降低阿特拉津的降解速率，而较低的pH值则有利于降解反应的进行。