铝电解废旧阴极的高温真空处理

铝电解生产过程中产生的废旧阴极(SPL)含有浸出毒物氟化物(以F-计)和氰化物(以CN-计),对环境造成巨大威胁.采用高温真空焙烧法去除废旧阴极中的氟化物和氰化物.在FactSage热力学计算的基础上,研究了温度、真空度和坩埚材质对浸出毒物去除效果的影响.结果表明,在真空度10 Pa、温度1100℃下,使用石墨坩埚焙烧废旧阴极,浸出毒物的去除效果最佳.结合TG-DSC分析,发现高温真空环境中,氟化物发生分解并挥发,氰化物也能分解成无毒物质,处理后的废旧阴极可由危废转变为一般固废,实现电解质和碳质材料的有效分离,便于综合利用.     

工艺参数对被动式DMFC电化学性能的影响

研究甲醇浓度、甲醇溶液温度、电池温度以及阴极空气状态对被动式直接甲醇燃料电池电化学性能的影响.结果表明,在常压条件下,甲醇浓度、甲醇溶液温度、阴极空气状态以及电池温度对电池性能存在着明显的影响.被动式直接甲醇燃料电池最佳甲醇浓度为1.5mol/L.电池性能随着甲醇溶液温度和电池温度的上升而迅速提高,阴极空气状态的改变也有利于电池性能的提高.     

真空蒸馏电解铝废旧阴极炭块分离碳和电解质

对电解铝废旧阴极炭块真空蒸馏分离碳和电解质进行了理论分析和实验研究,考察了蒸馏温度、保温时间对碳和电解质分离效果的影响。理论研究表明,在真空条件下电解铝废旧阴极炭块中的碳和电解质具有分离的可能性。实验结果表明,提高蒸馏温度和延长保温时间,均可提高铝、氟、钠元素的脱除率和渣中碳含量。在蒸馏压力10～30Pa、蒸馏温度1 350℃、保温时间5h时,蒸馏渣中的碳含量为82.02%,铝脱除率为74.61%,氟脱除率为97.92%,钠脱除率为99.69%。研究表明,添加造孔剂NH_4HCO_3可提高铝的脱除率,NH_4HCO_3的添加量为6%时,铝的脱除率高达96%。研究结果可为真空蒸馏分离碳和电解质提供新的方法,对采用真空蒸馏法处理电解铝废旧阴极炭块具有一定的指导意义和应用价值。     

合金中铋银的电解分离行为及其影响机制

在HCl-NaCl-BiCl₃-H₂O体系下, 对铋银合金中铋、银进行了电解分离研究, 考察了温度、电流密度、Bi³⁺浓度、酸度、NaCl添加量等对铋、银分离效果的影响。采用金相显微镜观察了不同电流密度及Bi³⁺ 浓度下阴极铋的形貌。实验结果表明, 在温度40 ℃、电流密度150 A/m²、NaCl添加量80 g/L、HCl浓度60 g/L, Bi³⁺浓度80 g/L条件下, 铋在阴极呈致密片状析出与银实现分离, 其纯度达99.5%以上, 电流效率大于99%, 阴极铋电耗约180 kW·h/t。     

不同峰时效处理后Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的显微组织和晶间腐蚀性能

通过维氏硬度试验、拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀试验、极化曲线试验以及透射电镜和扫描电镜观察,研究了不同峰时效状态(165℃/16 h、180℃/6 h和190℃/2 h)下Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的力学性能、显微组织和晶间腐蚀性能的差异。研究结果表明:3种峰时效状态下,180℃/6 h时效状态合金的Ω相和θ′相总数量密度最高,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为513.6 MPa和463.4 MPa。当时效温度达到190℃时,θ′相迅速粗化从而抑制Ω相的析出,降低了Ω相的数量密度。另外,不同峰时效状态的无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度从大到小依次为:180℃/6 h>190℃/2 h>165℃/16 h。由于在晶间腐蚀过程中,PFZ作为阳极优先被腐蚀,因此180℃/6 h时效状态合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能最差,而165℃/16 h时效状态合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能最好。     

不同峰时效处理后Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的显微组织和晶间腐蚀性能

通过维氏硬度试验、拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀试验、极化曲线试验以及透射电镜和扫描电镜观察,研究了不同峰时效状态(165 ℃/16 h、180 ℃/6 h和190 ℃/2 h)下Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的力学性能、显微组织和晶间腐蚀性能的差异。研究结果表明: 3种峰时效状态下,180 ℃/6 h时效状态合金的Ω相和θ'相总数量密度最高,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为513.6 MPa和463.4 MPa。当时效温度达到190 ℃时,θ'相迅速粗化从而抑制Ω相的析出,降低了Ω相的数量密度。另外,不同峰时效状态的无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度从大到小依次为: 180 ℃/6 h>190 ℃/2 h>165 ℃/16 h。由于在晶间腐蚀过程中,PFZ作为阳极优先被腐蚀,因此180 ℃/6 h时效状态合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能最差,而165 ℃/16 h时效状态合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能最好。     

真空碳热还原氧化镁的热力学分析及实验验证

对真空条件下用碳还原氧化镁反应进行热力学分析,计算出不同条件下C还原MgO所需要的最低反应温度及相应的露点温度。结果表明,真空下用碳还原氧化镁得到液态冷凝镁的还原温度不应低于13 5 2℃,对应的露点温度在65 1℃以上。用自制的真空碳热炼镁小型真空炉,验证试验得到了块状的冷凝金属镁     

原位构建NiFe合金纳米颗粒均匀包覆Pr0.8Sr1.2(NiFe)O4-δ阴极材料用于固体氧化物电解池直接电解CO2

通过固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)将CO_2转化为有价值的化学物质,引起了人们的特别关注.但是,开发对CO_2的具有高化学吸附性和催化活性的阴极材料仍然是一大挑战.通过原位析出法构建的NiFe纳米颗粒修饰的Pr_(0.8)Sr_(1.2)(NiFe)O_(4-δ)(PSNF-NFA)固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)阴极材料用于直接CO_2电解.XRD和SEM分析证明,该NiFe合金析出时会导致基体发生相变,而且析出的纳米颗粒尺寸小且分布均匀.纳米颗粒和钙钛矿氧化物基体的界面具有丰富的氧空位,增强了CO_2的化学吸附和解离,显著提高了CO_2电解性能.该新型的复合阴极在800℃的温度和1.6 V的电压下,显示出高达2.5 A/cm~2的电流密度.此外,该PSNF-NFA阴极对直接CO_2电解也显示出良好的稳定性和抗积碳性.     

真空腔弱面材料厚度对瓦斯抑爆性能的影响

为了研究真空腔弱面材料厚度对瓦斯抑爆性能的影响,设计了瓦斯爆炸实验Ⅰ型管道,开展了无真空腔瓦斯抑爆实验和弱面材料厚度为0. 1、0. 2、0. 3 mm条件下的真空腔瓦斯抑爆实验。实验结果表明,真空腔能够有效抑爆,当弱面材料厚度为0. 1 mm时,真空腔抑爆效果最好,最大火焰信号强度仅为0. 14 V,并在F6测点及以后趋于熄灭状态,所有测点的最大超压值均在0.08 MPa以下,达到了抑爆目的。     

CVD法制备的Ir/Re涂层复合材料界面扩散研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术制备了Ir/Re 涂层复合材料,并在高温高真空条件下对复合材料样品进行扩散热处理。应用电子扫描波谱法探针研究了Ir/Re复合材料界面Re元素在Ir涂层中的扩散规律。应用半无限大扩散模型进行处理,得到了1400-2000℃温度范围的实验扩散系数,扩散系数与温度之间符合Arrhenius方程。根据实验结果推算,Ir/Re复合材料在2200℃时的工作寿命为47.6小时。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

唐口煤矿深部复杂开采工作面瓦斯分源涌出规律研究

研究工作面瓦斯涌出规律对工作面瓦斯治理有重要意义。为了得到唐口煤矿深部3号煤层复杂开采条件下工作面回采时期瓦斯涌出时空演化规律,选取6304工作面作为对象,采用实测方法研究6304工作面瓦斯涌出规律。结果表明:6304工作面瓦斯涌出量为6.534 m³/min,其中煤壁占34.27%,落煤占29.62%,采空区占36.11%;沿工作面倾向由低到高,瓦斯浓度整体为上升趋势,其中1—76号架工作面瓦斯浓度小于0.20%,76—102号架瓦斯浓度上升明显,最大为0.387%;上隅角的后部采空区是工作面的瓦斯主要涌出源,上隅角1号测点瓦斯浓度0.78%,上隅角周边3号、5号、7号、8号、9号测点瓦斯浓度平均为0.643%;周期来压时,上隅角瓦斯相对平时较高。研究为针对性的瓦斯分源监控与灾害防治提供基础。