文23气田降压采气稳产技术

在井口流压接近管网系统压力的气田开发中后期,降低管网的系统压力,是保持气井产能、延长气井自喷采气期的有效手段,也是提高天然气采收率、实现气田高效开发的重要途径之一。针对文23气田气井分布相对集中的特点,以集气站为单位,创造性地采用了高低压分输技术、分散降压采气的方式,适应文23气田不同的开发阶段,延长了气井生产时间。降压采气技术在文23气田的应用实现了井口压降0.8MPa以上,扩大了生产压差,提高了最终采收率。     

增压气举排液采气技术在文23气田的应用

文23气田经过近三十年的开发,地层压力逐年下降,积液井日益增多,严重地影响着气田的稳产。排液采气工艺在提高气田采收率、提高气井开井率方面显得尤为重要。本文结合文23气田的开发实际,从增压气举参数的优化,地面管网流程、集气站内流程、计量配套流程的完善以及文丘里气咀的应用等方面全方位地介绍了增压气举排液采气技术,该项技术通过推广应用,取得了良好的排液增产稳产效果。     

侧钻技术在文23气田开发中后期的应用

文23气田经过三十年的开发,目前已进入开发的中后期,受地层能量下降和井况恶化等因素影响,低效井、事故井逐渐增多,气田开发效果逐年变差。近两年在深化气藏地质认识和剩余气分布规律研究的基础上,运用侧钻技术挖掘气田剩余气潜力,取得了很好的开发效果。     

文23某气井产量递减分析

中原油田文23气田已经开发几十年,储层以低孔低渗为主,气田开发也已接近枯竭,接下来即将建设文23储气库。本文通过进行某气井的产量递减分析,预测出此气井未来几年的产气量,为将来储气库井的注采气运行提供借鉴。     

文23气田开发后期排液采气工艺技术探讨

文23气田开发后期地层压力低,低压低产井普遍积液,结盐严重。针对排液采气工艺技术现状和存在问题,提出了小直径管用作速度管柱、泡排加注和深部位洗盐的新工艺,对文23气田后期开发具有良好的应用前景。     

提高低压低产气井排液采气效率研究

2016年文23气田主块整体移交做储气库后,户部寨气田和文23边块成为挖潜增效的主战场,但是,目前气田处于开发后期,“三低”现象比较普遍,挖潜思路由大型的储层改造转化为低成本的气井维护。但是,由于地层压力持续降低,气井产能不断下降,常规的气举、泡排、小油管等排液采气技术已不能满足现阶段的开发要求,因此,必须开展提高低压低产气井排液采气效率的研究,以提高气田开发后期的开发效果。     

致密砂岩气藏开发后期综合监测技术应用研究

文23气田和户部寨气田分别于1991年和1997年投入正式开发,随着气田的不断开采,地层压力下降、低产积液气井增多、套管老化、生产管柱多样化、剩余气分布零散认识不清,监测技术出现了一些不适应性,针对气田开发后期监测出现的不适应性,积极开展科研攻关,调研引进监测新技术、优化监测选井,加强综合监测技术应用研究,找到了剩余气分布富集区,有效地指导了文23边块和户部寨气田开发后期的新井部署和措施挖潜。     

《气藏开发调整方案编制技术要求》在文23气田中的实施与应用

我国东部陆上最大的整装气田文23气田已进入了开发后期面临着压力降低、产量递减、产剖差异、地层产水、井底积液、结盐结垢等各种开发矛盾,严格执行中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准SY/T6111-2007《气藏开发调整方案编制技术要求》,针对气藏开发中存在的问题,提出解决问题的办法和措施,编制气藏开发调整方案,解决气藏开发矛盾,调整气藏开发结构,实现气藏科学高效开发,提高气田最终采收率。     

文23气田构造精细解释及应用

文23气田是我国东部陆上迄今为止发现的最大整装砂岩气田,气层的分布主要由构造、岩性控制。理清气田内部构造格局、小断层的展布规律,将为气田的科学开发,挖掘剩余气分布潜力,提高气田的最终采收率提供有力保证。通过对文23气田构造精细解释,整体评价气田的构造特征,详细论述不同级别断层的展布规律及断层的封闭性。经过部署调整井钻探,证实构造研究成果符合地下的实际情况,为后续的新井部署及措施方案的制定具有很好的指导意义。     

文23边块开发后期剩余气评价及挖潜对策

文23气田主块2010年4月被列入中石化股份公司十二五战略型储气库工程建设规划,文23气田边块(西块、南块、东块)成为剩余气挖潜的目标。2010年以来针对文23气田边块开展了构造精细解释、沉积特征及砂体分布研究,并细分了开发单元,评价了剩余气潜力,在此基础上针对不同类型的剩余储量,制定不同的挖潜措施,实施后进一步提高了文23边块气田开发水平。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.