涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工管电极的铜电铸层制备及其抗电蚀性

以降低高温镍基合金涡轮叶片冷却孔电火花加工电极损耗率为目标,基于精密电铸工艺,优化了铸液工艺参数,在添加纳米La₂O₃条件下制备了铜管电极的铜电铸层,并将其与未添加La₂O₃所制备的铜电铸层进行了材料性能对比分析。以Inconel 718镍基合金叶片冷却孔为加工对象,利用所制备的带有纯铜电铸层的管电极进行了抗电蚀性能对比研究。试验结果表明：铸液中La₂O₃的添加量为1.2g/L时,铜电铸层晶粒最细,晶粒平均直径为15.9μm,表面粗糙度降至0.140μm,显微硬度可达98.2HV;用其制成的铜管电极损耗率较普通紫铜管电极和未添加纳米La₂O₃的铜管电极损耗率分别降低了13.29%和7.26%。     

超声-脉冲电铸工艺参数对镍铸层晶粒尺寸的影响

采用超声-脉冲电铸工艺在覆铜板表面的微区域内制备了镍铸层,用扫描电镜观察镍铸层的表面形貌,并采用Image Tool软件测量了镍铸层的平均晶粒尺寸,研究了超声波功率及方向、脉冲平均电流密度、脉冲占空比等对镍铸层晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明:其他条件相同时,双向(y向和z向)超声波制备镍铸层的晶粒尺寸小于相同功率单向(y向或z向)超声制备的;随着超声波功率、脉冲平均电流密度的增大,镍铸层的晶粒尺寸先减小后增大;当脉冲占空比由10%增大到30%时,晶粒尺寸由0.97μm增大到3.32μm。     

电铸制备SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料的工艺与性能

采用电铸技术(氨基磺酸镍电铸液)成功制备了SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料;用Leica Qwin图形分析软件和显微硬度计分析了电铸工艺参数对SiC颗粒增强镍基复合材料中SiC颗粒含量以及SiC含量对该复合材料显微硬度的影响;用场发射扫描电镜分析了复合材料的截面形貌和SiC分布.结果表明:在SiC加入量50 g·L-1、电流密度3 A·dm-2和磁力搅拌强度1.5次/min条件下,复合材料中SiC颗粒体积分数达到最高值27%,其显微硬度值也最高,为710 HV.     

Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合电铸层耐磨性研究

利用SEM分析了纯镍铸层,以及用直流和脉冲工艺所制备N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌,研究了直流条件下镀液中纳米颗粒悬浮量对纳米复合电铸层在干摩擦状态下耐磨性的影响,并对纳米复合电铸层磨损表面的形貌和磨损机理进行了探讨。结果表明:纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌不同于纯镍铸层;由于纳米颗粒的强化作用,使纳米复合电铸层表现出优良的耐磨性,并且磨损机理发生了变化;纳米复合电铸层的耐磨性取决于其中纳米颗粒的复合量。     

汇流环钯镍镀层制备工艺研究

汇流环作为一种连续传输电能与信号的电子器件,在长期转动过程中要求其表面修饰具有高耐磨性且电接触性能良好的镀层,而钯镍镀层(80/20) 就是一种理想的选择。文中探讨了汇流环表面钯镍镀层(80/20)的制备工艺。研究了镀液比例和电流密度对钯镍镀层厚度和含量的影响以及镀层厚度对钯镍成分的影响,探索了不同环结构及内外表面钯镍镀层的沉积规律。通过制备工艺选择与改进,能够得到厚2 um ~ 20 um、钯含量为77. 6% ~ 83%的钯镍镀层。最后还考察了经钯镍镀层修饰的汇流环的动态跑合情况。动态跑合70 万转,汇流环端电阻阻值为30 m赘~ 34 m赘,阻值波动小于10 m赘,测试结果符合动态跑合的技术指标。     

超临界CO2流体微细电铸扩散传质过程建模与数值分析

以微结构特征为分析对象,建立金属镍离子和多物质离子扩散传质的数学模型,利用MAT-LAB软件对所建模型进行数值模拟,分析电流密度、深宽比对微结构内部物质离子浓度的影响,同时对超临界CO2流体金属镍铸层的表面形貌和显微硬度进行研究和探讨。结果表明:在一定的深宽比和电流密度条件下,随着时间的推移,镍离子扩散传质过程逐渐趋于稳态;微结构流体的特征是自上而下,氢氧根离子浓度和氢氧化镍离子浓度逐渐递增,而氢离子浓度持续降低,镍离子浓度和硫酸根离子浓度变化不明显;深宽比大的微结构应在小电流密度条件下进行电铸,温度为323K、压力为10MPa、电流密度为5A/dm2时,超临界CO2流体电铸方法制备的镍铸层晶粒细小、组织致密,铸层的显微硬度达到701.2HV,与传统电铸相比有大幅度提高。     

基于MEMS工艺的高能量密度微电磁驱动器

提出了制作高能量密度电磁驱动器的工艺方法。利用微机械(MEMS)工艺在硅片上得到多匝平面线圈和磁芯的掩模图形,接着沉积种子层铜(Cu),然后对种子层进行整体Cu的电铸;当种子层生长到20 μm左右时,剥离硅片表面的镀层并用光刻胶保护磁芯位置的镀层;再用沿线电铸的方法对线圈进行电铸;最后保护制作好的线圈镀层,电铸NiFe合金材料。在10 mm×10 mm×0.38 mm的硅片上,制作出线圈匝数22×2(铜线截面积60 μm×60 μm、总长度达1 164 mm)、NiFe合金磁芯尺寸为3 mm×3 mm×0.2 mm的高能量密度微型电磁驱动器。把这种微型驱动器应用于无阀微泵做驱动实验:通入0.3 A的正弦电流时,微驱动器产生约50 mN的电磁力。实验结果表明:这种型微电磁驱动器在相同的输入功率下,比同类其他微电磁驱动器具有更高的能量密度,能产生更大的电磁驱动力。     

镍铁合金电镀工艺存在的问题及解决方法

镍铁合金电镀工艺近年来有较大发展,并得到了广泛的实际应用。实践证明,镀层为含铁20～45％的光亮镍铁合金,其性能与亮镍镀层相同,甚至更好;尤其是用铜或黄铜打底,含铁量为20～45％的合金镀层,厚度小于12.7微米(如2.54微米)时,其效果比用同样厚度的亮镍镀层更好。为了节约更多的金属镍,目前各国都在努力研究把镍铁合金镀层中的铁含量提高到最大值。国内最近的研究成果表明,在以镍铁合金电镀液为基的复合电镀工艺中     

Fe-SiCp复合电铸层的制备工艺

研究在Q235钢表面上复合电铸铁基SiCp摩擦材料的制备工艺,探讨了镀液中SiCp的浓度、电流密度、pH值和镀液温度对电铸层中SiCp含量和电铸层性能的影响规律.结果表明当镀液中SiCp的浓度为35 g/L、电流密度为3.5 A/dm2、pH值在1～1.5、镀液温度为35℃时,复合电铸摩擦层的干摩擦因数在0.55～0.60,磨损率小于0.42×10-7 cm3/J,达到了常规法生产的粉末冶金摩擦材料所要求的性能指标.     

脉冲电铸纳米晶镍锰合金的拉伸性能研究

对利用冲液装置和高频窄脉宽脉冲电流电铸所得到的具有接近或达到纳米级晶粒的镍锰合金进行了拉伸试验,研究了电沉积条件及电铸后的退火对电铸层拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,电沉积工艺条件通过影响电铸层的锰含量和晶粒大小而影响电铸镍锰合金的拉伸性能,一定条件下的退火对电铸镍锰合金拉伸性能的影响不明显。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.