Chemical Physical and Sensory Stabilities of Prebaked Frozen Sweet Potatoes

Cured, uncured and stored (1 and 3 months) sweet potato roots were baked, frozen and stored at ?23°C. Sensory scores, color (CIE L,a,b values), instrumental texture profile (Instron), sugars, beta-carotene, vitamin C, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and moisture contents were determined after 0,1, 3, 6 and 9 months frozen storage. Baked frozen sweet potatoes from all treatments were stable during 6 months frozen storage, with exception of vitamin C, which decreased by about 50% during the first month. Surface response analysis showed sensory scores for the prebaked sweet potatoes were very acceptable, particularly in the region with 1–2 months fresh storage of roots prior to freezing and followed by 1–6 months frozen storage.     

The potential contribution of bread buns fortified with beta-carotene-rich sweet potato in Central Mozambique

BACKGROUND: Orange-fleshed sweet potato is an efficacious source of vitamin A. Substituting wheat flour with orange-fleshed sweet potato in processed products could reduce foreign exchange outlays, create new markets for producers, and result in increased vitamin A consumption among consumers provided there is adequate retention of beta-carotene during processing. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether substituting 38% of wheat flour (by weight) in bread buns ("golden bread") with boiled and mashed orange-fleshed sweet potato from fresh roots or rehydrated chips would produce economically viable beta-carotene-rich products acceptable to Mozambican rural consumers. METHODS: Modified local recipes maximized sweet potato content within the limits of consumer acceptability. Sensitivity analysis determined parameters underlying economic viability. Two samples each of buns from five varieties of orange-fleshed sweet potato were analyzed for beta-carotene content. Processed products with at least 15 microg/g product of trans-beta-carotene were considered good sources of vitamin A. RESULTS: Golden bread made from fresh roots of medium-intensity orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties met the good source criterion, but bread from lighter-intensity sweet potato varieties did not. Bread from rehydrated dried chips was not economically viable. Consumers strongly preferred golden bread over pure wheat flour bread because of its heavier texture and attractive appearance. The ratio of the price of wheat flour to that of raw sweet potato root varied from 3.1 to 3.5 among the bakers, whose increase in profit margins ranged from 54% to 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Golden bread is a good source of beta-carotene and is economically viable when the price ratio of wheat flour to raw orange-fleshed sweet potato root is at least 1.5. Widespread adoption during sweet potato harvesting periods is feasible; year-round availability requires storage.     

Effects of heat treatment on the quality and storage life of sweet potato

The effects of heat treatment (50 °C) on the sprouting inhibition and spoilage of sweet potato roots (curing temperature: 29 °C) stored in wrapper‐type cold store (WTCS) were determined during year‐long storage. The quality attributes of sweet potato were also evaluated. The results indicated that hot water treatment significantly inhibited sprouting and decay of sweet potato for the storage period. It also showed that there were no significant differences in starch properties in terms of pasting properties, enthalpy and temperatures onset (T_O), peak (T_P) and endset (T_E) of gelatinisation of sweet potato starches among all the treatments, especially between heat‐treated and without‐heat‐treated samples. Also, hot water treatment did not have any significant impact on the internal components' quality of the roots: less than 4% of the year‐long stored roots were discarded due to spoilage. Heat treatment supplied a lethal dose of heat to surface pathogens and cauterised the eyes without damaging the nutritional and processing qualities of sweet potato. The success of storage experiments in prolonging sweet potato stored in WTCS by heat treatment was obtained from the effective control of weight loss, sprouting and decay without influence on quality characteristics. This new technique opens a new avenue to prolonging the storage life of sweet potato with good quality and minimal loss. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Storage conditions affect quality of noodles with added soy flour and sweet potato

Summary Noodles were prepared from a formulation in which a portion of the flour was replaced with 10% defatted soy flour and sweet potato as 10% flour or 15% puree. Dried noodles were packaged in plastic bags under partial vacuum or air and stored at 4.4 °C or 22–30 °C for 6 months. Colour, β-carotene and sensory characteristics were analyzed at 2-month intervals. Packaging atmosphere had minor effects on colour. Stored noodles became lighter and yellower, and β-carotene decreased, with all changes being greater at 22–30 °C. Storage conditions influenced acceptability scores minimally. Noodles were stored successfully under air with greater quality retention with 4.4 °C storage.     

Textural Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Dry Chinese Noodles Based on Wheat-Sweet Potato Composite Flour

Effects of sweet potato flour (SPF) addition on dry Chinese noodles prepared from five wheat flours with variable quality (weak to very strong) were investigated. Color values expressed as L*, a* and b* were markedly affected by the levels of SPF. SPF addition reduced the springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience of the cooked noodles, but exerted varied effects on hardness and adhesiveness. Total scores of noodle samples prepared from composite flours decreased significantly with exception of very strong or strong flour. However, the reduction of total scores in wheat-SPF noodles was mainly due to decreasing of color and taste scores.     

QUALITY CHANGES IN JICAMA ROOTS STORED AT CHILLING AND NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES

Mature jicama roots (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban cv. Agua Dulce) were stored at 5, 10, 13 and 20C for 1, 2 or 3 weeks and then transferred to ambient conditions (18–23C) for 1 week. Storage of roots at 5C and 10C for 2 weeks resulted in chill-induced decay and loss of intact root firmness. Increased rates of water loss after storage was another indicator of chilling injury; poststorage water loss rates after storage at 5C and 10C were double the rates of roots stored at 13C and 20C. With storage for 2 weeks, the pulp of roots stored at 10C showed brown discolored areas and this was best represented by decreasing L* values. The grey, translucent aspect of the pulp of roots stored at 5C resulted in L* values intermediate between those at 10C and 13C. Force to penetrate the pulp with a 5 mm probe decreased at 10C, but increased at 5C. The distance to rupture point increased at 5C and 10C, indicating loss of crispness. Jicama roots stored at 13C and 20C maintained good external visual quality and a white crisp pulp.     

粒度对马铃薯泥面条品质的影响

本研究通过磨浆时间和磨浆强度控制马铃薯泥的粒度,探讨粒度对马铃薯面条的外观色泽、蒸煮品质、质构品质的影响,为马铃薯泥面条的生产提供数据支持。结果表明:随着磨浆强度的增加,时间的延长,马铃薯泥的粒度逐渐变小;马铃薯泥具有明显的双峰粒度分布,大颗粒所占比例比小颗粒所占比例高;马铃薯泥在扫描电镜下,呈片状结构,片与片镶嵌在一起,随着马铃薯粒度的降低,片的厚度不断变薄,片的尺寸也不断变小;随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的L*值降低,a*值和b*值升高,面条A的L*、a*、b*值与面条B、C、D、小麦粉面条的对应L*、a*、b*值具有显著性差异(p<0.05),而面条B、C、D的L*值之间没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的烹调损失率均呈上升趋势,从9.38%增加至10.16%;马铃薯面条的断裂距离显著高于小麦粉面条(p<0.05),不同粒度的马铃薯面条断裂距离没有显著性差异(p>0.05);马铃薯面条煮后黏度随着粒度的减小而减小;总体来说,马铃薯泥的粒度对其面条的品质显著的影响,粒度中位径d(0.5)为130 μm的马铃薯面条品质好。     

不同品种甘薯与小麦配粉对粉质及馒头品质的影响

研究5个高胡萝卜素甘薯品种(秦薯8、普薯32、南薯010、徐渝薯34、泰中14)的甘薯全粉不同添加量对配粉面团特性及配粉馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随着甘薯全粉质量分数的增加,5种甘薯配粉面团的形成时间、稳定时间及粉质指数均逐渐下降,弱化度均升高。添加甘薯全粉后,5种甘薯全粉制作的馒头亮度均降低、色泽均变暗,馒头感官评价得分随甘薯全粉质量分数的增加逐渐降低。同一质量分数下,5种甘薯配粉的面团特性及配粉馒头品质存在品种差异,南薯010配粉馒头感官评价得分最高。制作配粉馒头时,南薯010、普薯32、秦薯8号甘薯粉的添加量可以添加到15%,徐渝薯34和泰中14甘薯粉的添加量不能高于10%。     

Microbiological quality of fresh-cut sweet potatoes

Sweet potato roots were dipped in various concentrations of chlorine for 5 min at 1 or 20 °C before and after slicing, and then stored at 2 or 8 °C for 14 days to evaluate the effects of different chlorine treatments and storage temperatures on the microbiological quality of fresh‐cut sweet potato slices. The microflora of fresh‐cut sweet potato slices was dominated by mesophiles, followed by psychrotrophs and fungi initially and during storage. The 2 °C storage was necessary to keep the microbial load at a low level. No spoilage was observed in fresh‐cut sweet potatoes at both storage temperatures for 14 days. Chlorination of sweet potatoes before slicing was not effective in ensuring acceptable microbiological quality of fresh‐cut sweet potatoes. Dipping slices in 200 ppm chlorine at 1 °C reduced the population of all micro‐organisms during storage.     

Microbial growth and the effects of mild acidification and preservatives in refrigerated sweet potato puree

Refrigerated sweet potato puree is a convenient form of sweet potato that can be used as an ingredient in formulated foods. The microbiology of refrigerated sweet potato puree during storage for up to 5 weeks was evaluated. Because the puree was made by comminuting steam-cooked sweet potatoes before refrigeration, no naturally occurring vegetative bacterial cells were detected during a 4-week period of refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. However, if postprocessing microbial contamination of the puree were to occur, contaminating microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes could grow during refrigerated storage. The effects of acidification or the addition of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on a population of L. monocytogenes inoculated into refrigerated (4 degrees C) sweet potato puree were determined. Inoculation of the refrigerated puree with L. monocytogenes at 10(6) CFU/ml resulted in a 3-log increase after 3 weeks storage of nonsupplemented puree. Supplementation of the sweet potato puree with 0.06% (wt/vol) sorbic acid or benzoic acid plus mild acidification of the sweet potato puree with citric acid to pH 4.2 prevented growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at 4 degrees C.     

复合膨化红薯粉的研制

介绍了用单螺杆挤出机膨化红薯粉的试验研究,分析了影响产品特性的一些因素,结果表明,膨化红薯粉的膨化度和可溶性与原料的水分含量,ＰＨ值等因素有密切关系。     

杂粮配粉对小麦粉品质的影响

介绍了不同小宗杂粮粉(高粱、小米、红薯)不同比例添加量对面粉品质参数的影响。通过试验可知:对于添加不同杂粮粉的小麦粉,随着添加量增加小麦粉降落数值略有降低,色度L值逐渐降低,而色度a值和b值增加。小麦粉灰分随着小米粉添加量的增加而有所降低。小麦粉在添加15%红薯粉、5%高粱粉和5%小米粉时黏度最大。     

Rheological Characterisation of Malaysian Varieties of Sweet Potato Doughs Using Large and Small Deformation Measurements

The rheological properties of sweet potato doughs at different mixing times were studied. In the large deformation extension test, extensibility parameters including dough length at fracture, measured, and actual forces acting on dough strips were obtained for calculating the stress-strain data. For the small deformation test, both storage and loss modulus of dough were studied. The extensibility of dough from sweet potato flour increased to its peak at five minutes mixing time before decreasing illustrating an optimum mixing time. The variety of VitAto which has a higher protein content of 5.7 g/100 g has higher values of all the extensibility parameters as compared to Bukit Naga and Okinawan. In terms of flow-behavior index, all sweet potato doughs displayed n values from 1.82 to 2.11, indicating strain hardening behaviors similar to wheat flour doughs. The small deformation tests were not able to identify the optimum mixing time, although in general, illustrated that sweet potato doughs were essentially elastic or recoverable. The Pearson correlations of large and small deformation tests showed that the rheological parameters were positively correlated among themselves in the evaluation of the effect of mixing time to rheological properties of sweet potato dough.     

Textural and pasting properties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as affected by storage temperature

Fresh tubers from five potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were stored at different temperatures (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 °C) and 80–90% relative humidity for 18 weeks after harvest to examine the effect of storage temperature on their textural and pasting properties. Texture profile analysis was performed on raw and cooked potatoes using an Instron universal testing machine to measure textural parameters such as fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and springiness. Both raw and cooked potato tubers showed a considerable reduction in all textural parameters upon storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Raw potatoes showed a decrease in fracturability and hardness with increasing storage temperature, whereas their cooked counterparts showed the opposite trend. The extent of change in the textural properties of both raw and cooked potatoes also varied among the different cultivars. Fresh and stored tubers from all cultivars were freeze‐dried, ground into flours and analysed for amylose content and pasting properties. The amylose content of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 4 and 8 °C was observed to be considerably lower than that of flours prepared from potatoes stored at 16 and 20 °C. Pasting characteristics such as peak viscosity, setback and final viscosity increased with increasing storage temperature, while the reverse was observed for pasting temperature, when studied using a rapid visco analyser. Breakdown in viscosity of the flour pastes from all cultivars was considerably reduced during storage, irrespective of the storage temperature employed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Accumulation of Sucrose in Gamma-Irradiated Sweet Potato Roots

The effect of storage conditions on the sucrose content of gamma-irradiated sweet potato roots was studied. The sucrose content was influenced mainly by the temperature and oxygen content of the atmosphere. The degree of sucrose accumulation decreased, as the oxygen content of the atmosphere was reduced, while it increased with increase of temperature. The best conditions for the accumulation of sucrose were an irradiation dose of 1 kGy and a storage temperature of 30°C. The sucrose content of the roots which were irradiated and stored under the above conditions exceeded 12% on a fresh weight basis.     

甘薯在贮藏期间细胞壁降解酶活性的变化

研究了紫心甘薯、黄心甘薯在贮藏100 d期间果胶和细胞壁降解酶的变化情况,以期得出变化规律。以施保克溶液浸泡处理甘薯,置于7℃贮藏,以室温贮藏的甘薯为对照,定期进行生理指标检测。结果表明:贮藏期间,7℃贮藏结合施保克处理能防止甘薯的原果胶过快下降,延缓多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和纤维素酶活性的升高。7℃贮藏结合施保克处理可以较好保持原果胶含量,在实际生产中可以提高甘薯的贮藏品质。     

Effect of heat treatment on quality, thermal and pasting properties of sweet potato starch during yearlong storage

BACKGROUND: Proper postharvest handling and storage of sweet potato is an important link in the chain from producer to consumer or manufacturing industry. Heat treatments have been used as a non‐chemical means to modify the postharvest quality and reduce pathogen levels and disease development of a wide variety of horticultural products. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hot water treatment (HWT) on the quality, gelatinisation enthalpy and pasting properties of sweet potato starch during long‐term storage. The weight loss, sprouting, spoilage and sugar content of sweet potato were also determined. RESULTS: HWT significantly inhibited the sprouting and decay of sweet potato during the storage period. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in the pasting properties and onset (T_O), peak (T_P) and endset (T_E) temperatures of gelatinisation of sweet potato starch among all treatments, especially between heat‐treated and non‐heat‐treated samples. HWT also had no significant impact on the quality of the internal components of the roots. Less than 4% of the yearlong‐stored roots were discarded owing to spoilage. HWT supplied a lethal dose of heat to surface pathogens and black spot without damaging the nutritional and processing qualities of sweet potato. CONCLUSION: HWT was an effective method to reduce root sprouting and deterioration without significant impact on the quality of the internal components of sweet potato. This novel technique will open a new avenue to extend the storage life of sweet potato with good quality and minimal waste. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同灭菌时间对鲜食甜玉米贮藏品质的影响

以鲜食甜玉米为试材,以L*值、水分含量、可溶性固形物含量、菌落总数、感官品质等指标为评判标准,结合充氮保鲜包装,研究121℃反压灭菌时间对鲜食甜玉米贮藏品质变化规律的影响。结果表明:经过反压灭菌充氮包装处理后所得甜玉米常温保藏60d后,灭菌40min处理组鲜食甜玉米菌落总数1.9lgCFU/g,可溶性固形物含量11.3%,L*值65.0,水分含量为63.8%,感官评分23.17分,综合考虑各项指标,该处理组贮藏效果最佳。40 min灭菌处理能有效抑制常温贮藏下鲜食甜玉米的微生物生长,保持鲜食甜玉米的原有品质特性,同时抑制籽粒褐变进程,减缓水分降低和可溶性固形物下降速率。     

The Effect of Root Maturity, Preprocess Holding and Flour Storage on the Quality of Cassava Biscuit

Effect of root maturity (12 and 23 months) and flour storage on physical, chemical, and sensory attributes of cassava biscuits was evaluated. Pulp and flour of 12 months were higher than the 23 months mature roots. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and cyanide contents of the cassava flour varied between 10.1% and 10.3%, 2.2% and 2.4%, 0.2% and 0.3%, and 12.1 and 13.4 mg HCN/100 g, respectively. Diastatic activity of the flour ranged from 115 to 243 mg maltose for fresh and roots stored for 3 days. Water-holding capacity of the roots and peak viscosity of flours decreased during storage. Sensory results showed that cassava biscuits were acceptable and compared favorably with the wheat biscuits.     

甘梅味紫薯山药夹心薯片的加工工艺研究

以紫薯粉、山药粉、白面、甘梅粉为主要原料,以感官评定为标准,通过单因素实验,正交试验,研究甘梅味紫薯山药夹心薯片的最优工艺。结果显示甘梅味紫薯山药夹心薯片的最佳配方为紫薯粉添加量20%、白面添加量75%、甘梅粉添加量3.75%(以山药粉添加量为基准)。于烤箱中烘烤(设置烤箱上层温度为150℃、下层温度为240℃)110 s,翻面,再烘烤110s,取出,加入1.25%(以山药粉添加量为基准)的果酱,即可得到酸甜可口,香气诱人,营养丰富的甘梅味紫薯山药夹心薯片。