Cu-乙二醇纳米流体对发动机冷却水套传热的模拟研究

在乙二醇冷却液中添加Cu纳米粒子作为内燃机冷却介质,并利用大型CFD软件AVL Fire针对两种不同的冷却介质对内燃机冷却系统的传热进行了三维模拟计算.通过计算可以得到传热工质的流场、压力场及壁面换热系数的空间分布.结果表明,以Cu-乙二醇纳米流体作为传热工质可以提高内燃机的散热性能,而且水套进出口压降有所降低.     

纳米流体在车用机油冷却器中的强化换热试验研究

为了探求新型冷却介质--纳米流体的换热效果,制备了不同粒子体积分数的氧化铝有机纳米流体,并在车用机油冷却器中进行了换热性能的试验研究.研究结果表明:添加纳米粒子能够有效提高纳米流体基础液体的换热能力,且换热能力随着粒子体积分数的增加 而增高.在不同温度和温差条件下,粒子体积分数为5%的纳米流体的传热量和换热系数均超过常规冷却介质(水和防冻液).纳米流体的黏度和流动阻力亦随着粒子体积分数增加而增加.当冷、热介质的进口温差不变时,提高冷却介质的进口温度能在明显增强换热能力的同时大幅度降低流动阻力,并且纳米流体换热能力的增幅要高于防冻液和基础液体.     

换热器内纳米流体换热与压降特性的分析

以人字形板式换热器翅片的单元流道二维截面为几何模型,采用Fluent软件对换热介质分别为水、水基Al_2O_3纳米流体和水基CuO纳米流体进行换热、压降特性的数值分析,结果表明:在水中添加纳米颗粒可以提高流体的换热能力,且随着纳米颗粒体积分数的增加,努塞尔数随之增大,同时,纳米颗粒体积分数为3.0%时,流体对应的努塞尔数增幅明显高于1.0%～2.0%的水基Al_2O_3纳米流体。但结果还表明,纳米颗粒体积分数为3.0%的水基Al_2O_3纳米流体对应的压降最高,不利于流体流动,因而在将纳米流体作为流动换热介质时,应该综合考虑换热与压降的影响。另外,在相同纳米颗粒体积分数以及入口雷诺数时,水基Al_2O_3纳米流体换热能力高于水基CuO纳米流体,但两者的流动压降几乎相同,因而应优先选用Al_2O_3纳米颗粒。由于目前将纳米流体与换热器相结合的相关研究较少,因而得出数值结论对纳米流体在换热器中的应用设计具有一定的参考意义。     

纳米流体对内燃机冷却系统强化传热的数值模拟研究

将Cu-水纳米流体应用到内燃机冷却系统中,并利用大型通用CFD软件STAR-CD针对不同浓度纳米流体的内燃机冷却系统进行三维数值模拟计算.通过计算可以得到传热工质的流场、压力场及壁面换热系数的空间分布.结果表明,以Cu-水纳米流体作为传热工质可以显著提高内燃机的散热性能,且散热量随着纳米粒子浓度的增大而增大.同时,纳米粒子的加入也引起了内燃机冷却系统泵功的增加,但是与散热量的显著提高相比是可以接受的.     

流固耦合研究纳米流体在内燃机冷却水腔中的传热

在发动机的冷却系统内用纳米流体代替传统的冷却工质水,对六缸柴油机采用整体耦合的方法,将冷却系统与内燃机固体部件当作一个耦合体,使流固边界成为内部实时边界,对纳米流体在整机冷却系统中的流动与传热特性进行研究,考察不同种类、不同体积分数、不同粒径的纳米流体对内燃机冷却系统传热的影响规律,给出了整机冷却水套内冷却液的流场、换热系数、压力场以及准确的温度场分布,为内燃机热应力的计算以及纳米流体在柴油机冷却水腔的应用奠定了理论基础.     

纳米流体柴油机机油冷却器传热试验设计

为了研究新型冷却介质--纳米流体在内燃机冷却系统中的换热效果,自行设计了适用于多种冷却介质的传热性能试验台,并根据纳米流体的性能改进了加热方法,以纳米流体、水和防冻液为冷却介质在柴油机机油冷却器中进行了传热性能试验.结果表明,当冷却介质进口温度为85℃时,纳米流体的换热能力比水和防冻液分别提高了4.6%和19.0%;当...     

水基纳米流体流动与换热数值模拟

采用两步法制备体积分数φ为0.001%、0.01%、0.1%的Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体,运用热力学相关式进行计算,并采用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟圆管内Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体的流动与换热,研究分析不同纳米粒子体积分数和粒径对纳米流体平均Nu数的影响。结果表明,不同体积分数的Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体,随着纳米颗粒的运动,边界层发生变化,其流动特性和换热特性也受到影响,对于相同位置的纳米流体,当体积浓度为0.9%、0.5%、0.1%时,平均Nu数分别为21、17.8、16,随着纳米颗粒体积分数越大,其平均Nu数越大,即换热强度越大。当纳米颗粒为20 nm,Re数为1000、3000、5000、7000、9000时,平均Nu数分别为11.5、14.5、18、20、21.5,随着Re数的增加,纳米流体的强化换热效果越好。     

纳米流体强化活塞组-气缸套传热的数值模拟研究

将活塞组-气缸套作为一个耦合体,利用数值模拟法研究了只在润滑油中与只在冷却水中加入纳米Cu颗粒两种情况下的强化传热效果,并与原机传热情况进行比较。研究结果表明:无论是以Cu-润滑油纳米流体还是以Cu-水纳米流体作为传热工质,都可以显著提高活塞组-气缸套的散热性能,且散热量随着纳米粒子浓度的增高而增大。对于活塞侧,Cu-润滑油纳米流体的改善效果强于Cu-水纳米流体,其中Cu体积分数为5%的Cu-润滑油纳米流体可使燃烧室中心点a、燃烧室喉口点b、顶面外边缘点c和第一环外侧上边缘点d的温度平均降低约28.4、21.7、22.8和27.7K;对于气缸套侧,Cu-水纳米流体强化换热效果更理想,Cu体积分数为5%的Cu-水纳米流体可使气缸套内侧上边缘点e的温度平均降低约10.4K。     

纳米流体对U型深埋管换热特性影响的研究

结合西安市某个埋深为2505 m的U型深埋管换热系统,在原位实验验证的基础上建立三维全尺寸数值计算模型,进而模拟分析埋管内热流载体种类对强化埋管换热的效果。埋管内热流载体除常规使用的水外,还选用Al₂O₃/水、CuO/水和SiO₂/水3种纳米流体。通过改变这3种纳米流体的纳米颗粒体积浓度分别为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%及1.0%,分析纳米流体种类及纳米颗粒体积浓度对埋管换热的影响。研究结果表明,就整个埋管的换热而言,纳米流体的强化换热效果较小。因此,通过改变埋管热流载体来达到埋管强化换热的方法并不高效合理。     

磁性纳米流体Fe3O4-H2O对流换热特性研究

建立磁性纳米流体Fe3O4-H2O对流换热特性实验系统,研究有无外磁场、磁场强度、磁场方向,纳米粒子质量分数、轴向比等因素对磁性纳米流体对流换热系数的影响。实验结果表明:对流换热系数随磁场强度的增加而增大;当磁场方向与流体运动方向一致时,外磁场强化了对流换热过程;外磁场对低流速流体的对流换热过程影响比对高流速更为显著;外磁场作用于流体入口段时对流换热系数得到明显提高;质量分数范围α=0.6%~0.8%的Fe3O4-H2O纳米流体可有效强化其对流换热性能。     

纳米流体强化内燃机冷却系统流动的基础研究

利用高导热率、传热性能好的传热工质(纳米流体)替代传统冷却介质应用于内燃机冷却系统中,通过纳米流体流动特性的基础研究,为其在内燃机冷却系统中的应用提供理论基础支持.因此,利用试验方法对纳米流体在波壁管内的流动进行可视化研究,以期对纳米流体的流动机理进行详细的探讨,从而推动纳米流体在内燃机冷却系统中的应用.研究发现:纳米流体的黏度增加值不大,且随着温度的升高,增加值降低;而相同入口速度状态下,纳米流体在波壁管内的流动比纯水更为活跃,漩涡数量增多,质量传递特性增强,且随纳米颗粒浓度的增加,流动湍流效应增大.通过分子动力学方法发现纳米颗粒在纳米流体流动过程中存在强烈的旋转作用,从而出现微湍流流动效应,进一步强化了纳米流体的湍流流动效果.     

内燃机冷却系统中应用纳米流体强化传热研究综述

内燃机工作时依赖冷却系统将多余热量及时带走以保证燃烧室核心部件及润滑油膜的正常工作温度。常规内燃机冷却介质导热系数偏低,而新一代强化传热工质纳米流体具有明显提升的传热性能,应用于内燃机冷却系统有利于强化内燃机传热及提高热管理性能。且由于纳米流体的传热性能受纳米粒子的种类、大小、浓度、形状等因素影响,可以通过改变这些因素控制内燃机冷却水腔的传热量。综述了国内外研究者针对纳米流体导热系数与对流换热性能开展的试验测试、理论分析和计算机模拟研究工作,以及纳米流体应用于内燃机冷却系统中强化传热的进展,最后指出当前研究工作的不足及未来工作方向。     

六缸柴油机冷却系统流动与传热的数值模拟研究

冷却水的流动与传热直接影响柴油机的冷却效率、高温零件的热负荷、整机的热量分配和能量利用。在冷却系统传热计算时，利用流固耦合的方法，较为准确地确定了缸体水套的传热边界条件。采用CFD商用软件STAR—CD对直列六缸柴油机的冷却系统的流动与传热进行三维数值模拟，给出了整机冷却水套内冷却液的流场、换热系数及压力场分布，为柴油机冷却水腔的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Experimental investigation of pool boiling characteristics of low-concentrated CuO/ethylene glycol–water nanofluids

Boiling heat transfer performance of nanofluid has been studied during the past few years. Some controversial results are reported in literature about the potential impact of nanofluids on heat transfer intensification. Whereas the mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are considered the most common water-based antifreeze solutions used in automotive cooling systems, the present study is an experimental investigation of boiling heat transfer of CuO/ethylene glycol–water (60/40) nanofluids. The results indicate that a considerable boiling heat transfer enhancement has been achieved by nanofluid and the enhancement increases with nanoparticles concentration and reaches 55% at a nanoparticles loading of 0.5%.     

Heat transfer characteristics in double tube helical heat exchangers using nanofluids

In the present work a three-dimensional analysis is used to study the heat transfer characteristics of a double-tube helical heat exchangers using nanofluids under laminar flow conditions. CuO and TiO₂ nanoparticles with diameters of 24 nm dispersed in water with volume concentrations of 0.5–3 vol.% are used as the working fluid. The mass flow rate of the nanofluid from the inner tube was kept and the mass flow rate of the water from the annulus was set at either half, full, or double the value. The variations of the nanofluids and water temperatures, heat transfer rates and heat transfer coefficients along inner and outer tubes are shown in the paper. Effects of nanoparticles concentration level and of the Dean number on the heat transfer rates and heat transfer coefficients are presented. The results show that for 2% CuO nanoparticles in water and same mass flow rate in inner tube and annulus, the heat transfer rate of the nanofluid was approximately 14% greater than of pure water and the heat transfer rate of water from annulus than through the inner tube flowing nanofluids was approximately 19% greater than for the case which through the inner and outer tubes flow water. The results also show that the convective heat transfer coefficients of the nanofluids and water increased with increasing of the mass flow rate and with the Dean number. The results have been validated by comparison of simulations with the data computed by empirical equations.     

Experimental and analytical investigation on an automobile radiator with CuO/EG‐water based nanofluid as coolant

In the present study, experimental and analytical thermal performance of automobile radiator using nanofluids is investigated and compared with performance obtained with conventional coolants. Effect of operating parameters and nanoparticle concentration on heat transfer rate are studied for water as well as CuO/EG‐water based nanofluid analytically. The results are presented in the form of graphs showing variations of net heat transfer rate for various coolant flow rate, air velocity, and source temperature for various CuO/EG‐water based nanofluids. Experimental results indicate that with the increase in coolant flow rate and air velocity, heat transfer rate increases, reaches maximum and then decreases. Experimental investigation of a radiator is carried out using CuO/EG‐water based nanofluids. Results obtained by experimental work and analytical MATLAB code are almost the same. Maximum absolute error in water and air side is within 12% for all flow condition and coolant fluids. Nusselt number of nanofluid is calculated using equation number 33[9]. The results obtained from experimental work using 0.2% volume CuO/EG‐water based nanofluids are compared with the results obtained from MATLAB code. The results show that the maximum error in the outlet temperature of the coolant and air is 12% in each case. Thus MATLAB code can be used for different concentration of nanofluids to study the effect of operating parameters on heat transfer rate. Thus MATLAB code developed is valid for given heat exchanger applications. From the results obtained by already validated MATLAB code, it is concluded that increase in coolant flow rate, air velocity, and source temperature increases the heat transfer rate. Addition of nanoparticles in the base fluid increases the heat transfer rate for all kind of base fluids. Among all the nanofluid analyzed in this study, water‐based nanofluid gives highest value of heat transfer rate and is recommended for the heat exchanger applications under normal operating conditions. Maximum enhancement is observed for ethylene glycol‐water (4:6) mixture for 1% volume concentration of CuO is almost equal to 20%. As heat transfer rate increases with the use of nanofluids, the heat transfer area of the radiator can be minimized.     

Heat transfer performance and exergy analyses of a corrugated plate heat exchanger using metal oxide nanofluids

Heat exchangers have been widely used for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. Nanofluids are potential coolants, which can afford excellent thermal performance in heat exchangers. This study examined the effects of water and CuO/water nanofluids (as coolants) on heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, frictional loss, pressure drop, pumping power and exergy destruction in the corrugated plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer coefficient of CuO/water nanofluids increased about 18.50 to 27.20% with the enhancement of nanoparticles volume concentration from 0.50 to 1.50% compared to water. Moreover, improvement in heat transfer rate was observed for nanofluids. On the other hand, exergy loss was reduced by 24% employing nanofluids as a heat transfer medium with comparing to conventional fluid. Besides, 34% higher exergetic heat transfer effectiveness was found for 1.5 vol.% of nanoparticles. It has a small penalty in the pumping power. Hence, the plate heat exchanger performance can be improved by adapting the working fluid with CuO/water nanofluids.     

某V型船用柴油机缸体冷却系统的仿真与分析

利用STAR-CD对某V型12缸船用柴油机的冷却系统的流动与传热进行三维数值计算与分析,给出了缸体冷却水套内部冷却液的流场、压力及温度场分布,提出了该机型冷却系统的改进方向,为同类结构的柴油机冷却系统的优化设计及结构改进提供了参考。     

用于某发电机组的TBD620V12柴油机冷却系统的分水设计

为了满足由TBD620V12柴油机和1FR6 506-4三相异步发电机组成的发电机组中发电机的冷却需要,需分16 m3/h海水给发电机。通过计算该柴油机冷却系统传递的总热量及海水泵的流量,证明了分水的可行性;据传热学理论证明了海水在特征管路中的流动是紊流状态;通过完善原有结构设计实现分水,台架试验证明该柴油机的冷却系统在分水后仍能保证良好的冷却效果。     

柴油机冷却水套中无水冷却液的数值模拟分析

运用FLUENT软件对某型号柴油机冷却水套三种无水冷却液在不同温度下的冷却效果进行数值模拟分析.模拟结果表明:由于冷却液表面换热系数的变化受冷却液粘度及导热率的影响,而这两个因素随温度的变化而变化;温度较低时,冷却液的导热率的影响占主导地位,表面换热系数随温度的增大而减小;温度较高时,冷却液粘度的影响占主导地位,表面换热系数随温度的升高而增大.