未知噪声信息多径衰落信道的软判决度量生成

信道解码中的软判决技术需要利用信道噪声方差信息来产生软判决度量,而通常情况下,这一信息是未知和时变的。本文首先简要分析了信道噪声方差对软判决度量的影响,进而提出一种新的在多径衰落信道中估计时变噪声方差的方法,并利用该方法的估计结果为信道解码器生成软判决度量。将该算法应用于中国地面数字电视广播传输系统外接收机的仿真结果表明：与已有的信道噪声方差估计算法相比,本文算法具有收敛速度快、估计结果准确的优点,生成的软判决度量逼近于多径衰落信道的最优软判决度量。     

基于最大比合并的短波分集接收技术研究

短波通信信道存在多径、衰落等特点,分集接收技术可以将多路信号进行合并以降低衰落的影响。文章在最大比值合并技术的基础上给出了一种基于偏移距离的软判决最大比合并方法,并在仿真中验证了其性能的提升,具有一定的工程参考价值。     

基于DMF捕获系统频率选择性信道下捕获性能的分析

对基于数字匹配滤波器(DMF)捕获系统在频率选择性信道下的捕获性能进行了深入讨论，利用状态转移图推导出单次驻留判决方式时平均捕获时间的表达式，对平均捕获时间与多径分量的关系进行了数字分析。得出的主要结论是：对于多径分量为非衰落信号时，多径分量之间的能量差别越大，系统捕获性能越好，多径分量的能量相等时，系统捕获性能最差，且随着可以分离的多径路数的增加下降；对于多径分量为慢衰落信号时，多径信道的捕获性能好于单径信道(非频率选择性衰落信道)，且多径分量之间的能量差别越大，系统捕获性能越差，当多径分量的能量相等时，捕获性能最好，这与非衰落信道的情形相反。因此在频率选择性衰落信道中，采用分集接收可以改善系统的捕获性能。     

多径衰落信道下基于循环累积量的调制分类算法

针对多径衰落信道,通过利用各阶循环累积量来对常见单载波信号进行调制分类。首先分析推导了在多径衰落信道下模拟和数字单载波信号一阶、二阶和四阶的循环累积量特征,寻找出不同信号在特定循环累积量下的谱峰特征的区别,最后利用CAFR检测算法通过树形判决完成信号的调制分类。通过理论推导和仿真分析,验证了算法在多径衰落信道下调制分类的可行性和抗噪声性能。算法不需要信号的先验知识,在多径衰落信道下性能鲁棒,适用场合较广。      

衰落信道硬判决解调下的Turbo码译码方法

实际应用中某些通信系统的解调器只能输出硬判决信息,无法较好地匹配Turbo码采用的软输入软输出译码算法。针对衰落信道,提出了一种对硬判决信息进行修正,改善Turbo码译码性能的方法。该方法通过对译码初始化信息根据不同的可靠性进行补偿,可改善来自信道的硬判决接收值的准确性。仿真结果表明,改进方法可有效提高Turbo码译码的性能,复杂度也较低。     

基于分形的多径衰落信道估计

该文研究了多径衰落的分形性质,提出了一种利用分形维数和小波重构来改进最小均方误差方法的新型多径衰落信道估计算法。该算法改进了衰落信道参数估计的准确度,并消除了判决方法的错误传递性。仿真结果表明该算法能较准确地估计出多径衰落信道的参数,显著提高快衰落条件下接收机的误码性能。     

一种适用于多径衰落信道的OFDM系统同步算法

该文针对多径衰落信道的具体特点,提出了一种适用于无线衰落信道环境下的OFDM符号同步方法。此种方法利用前一帧估计的信道最大时延来调整相关窗长度,在最大程度上避开了多径的影响;并利用本帧信道估计得到的多径信息进一步完成符号精细同步。仿真证明,该方法比传统的方法有较大的性能改善,比较适合多径衰落信道环境下的符号定时同步。     

矿井巷道多径信道模型研究

针对矿井无线信道快衰落多径信号幅度统计特性的可变性,介绍了描述矿井无线信道多径幅度分布的Rayleigh分布、Rician分布、Nakagami分布三种统计特性,提出了一种Nakagami幅度统计衰落信道的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果显示,该模型能灵活地表述多径幅度分布不同的衰落程度,还可以改善信号性能,与其他衰落信道模型相比,有很大的优越性。     

一种改善Turbo乘积编码OFDM系统性能的新方法

本文提出一种利用对译码器软信息限幅来改善多径衰落信道中Turbo乘积编码OFDM(TPC-OFDM)系统性能的新方法。通过对不同多径衰落信道中QPSK映射和16QAM映射的TPC-OFDM系统性能的数值仿真，结果表明在10^-5误比特率下，这种新方法比传统的迭代译码大约有6～10dB的改进，对严重多径环境下TPC-OFDM系统的错误平底也有明显的改进。     

衰落信道下多级编码方案的软判决译码

研究Rayleigh衰落信道下,软判决译码对三种不同映射方案多级编码系统性能的影响.基于信道容量规则,构造卷积码为分量码的8ASK多级编码系统,在多阶段译码中提出利用信道状态信息的软判决支路度量计算公式,并探讨系统的误码传播特性,研究结果可为衰落信道编码调制方案的最佳设计度量提供参考.     

A new adaptive equalizer with channel estimator for mobile radiocommunication

For unknown mobile radio channels with severe intersymbol interference (ISI), a maximum likelihood sequence estimator, such as a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) having both feedforward and feedback filters, needs to handle both precursors and postcursors. Consequently, such an equalizer is too complex to be practical. This paper presents a new reduced-state, soft decision feedback Viterbi equalizer (RSSDFVE) with a channel estimator and predictor. The RSSDFVE uses maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) to handle the precursors and truncates the overall postcursors with the soft decision of the MLSE to reduce the implementation complexity. A multiray fading channel model with a Doppler frequency shift is used in the simulation. For fast convergence, a channel estimator with fast start-up is proposed. The channel estimator obtains the sampled channel impulse response (CIR) from the training sequence and updates the RSSDFVE during the bursts in order to track changes of the fading channel. Simulation results show the RSSDFVE has nearly the same performance as the MLSE for time-invariant multipath fading channels and better performance than the DFE for time-variant multipath fading channels with less implementation complexity than the MLSE. The fast start-up (FS) channel estimator gives faster convergence than a Kalman channel estimator. The proposed RSSDFVE retains the MLSE structure to obtain good performance and only uses soft decisions to subtract the postcursor interference. It provides the best tradeoff between complexity and performance of any Viterbi equalizers     

一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法

Turbo均衡技术是水声相干通信克服信道多径、消除码间干扰(ISI)的有效工具。Turbo均衡实际使用时需要对时变、多径信道进行良好的估计。为了提高信道估计的效果,该文基于时变横向滤波和相位旋转信道模型,提出一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法。该算法采用快速自优化最小均方算法得到各数据符号处的横向滤波器系数矢量并与二阶锁相环联合优化计算。通过仿真比较,该算法明显优于硬迭代信道估计算法,且相位估计性能优于其他文献中的软迭代信道估计算法。在海上试验中,水声通信距离5 km,方向近似垂直,接收阵起伏周期10 s,起伏幅度5 m左右,在此情况下进行数据采集。将该算法用于对海试数据的单通道Turbo均衡处理,实现无误码输出,验证了所提算法在软迭代信道相位估计方面的优势。     

Iterative vector channel estimation/MAP/PIC for CDMA systems in time-selective correlated multipath fading channels

Recently, Gao et al. proposed the expectation-maximization (EM) vector channel estimation for single-user direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems to estimate the correlated fading channel coefficients of the paths of a user. They also used one D-lag decision-feedback maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector to detect the information bits. A straightforward extension (noniterative) to multiuser synchronous CDMA cases, i.e., adding the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) multiuser detector into their scheme, results in poor performance. Therefore, we propose an iterative scheme which combines vector channel estimation, decision-feedback MAP detection, and PIC. The partial PIC is applied in the sequence hypothesis stage of MAP in each iteration before the final MAP decision. The proposed scheme has twice the decision delay of the previous scheme for single-user cases. The performance of the proposed system in the time-selective, correlated multipath fading channel environment is investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the noniterative scheme. Simulation results also show that the proposed scheme performs better than its scalar channel-estimation version.     

A robust channel estimator for DS-CDMA systems under multipath fading channels

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems with time-varying multipath fading channels. The multipath fading channels are modeled as autoregressive (AR) models. A method is first proposed to convert the time-varying regression model due to the time-varying nature of users' information symbols into a time-invariant one. Then, a polynomial approach is proposed to obtain the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. The uncertainty of the channel model and decision errors of the DS-CDMA detector are taken into consideration in the design of the MMSE estimator. Compared with the Kalman estimator, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is much lower. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator provides a comparable estimation performance with the Kalman estimator and is robust for fast-fading channels.     

An anti-noise modem for visible light communication systems using the improved M-ary position phase shift keying

In this paper, we propose an anti-noise modem based on the improved M-ary position phase shift keying (MPPSK) for visible light communication (VLC) systems. The line spectral interferences in the original MPPSK are theoretically analyzed and approximately mitigated by adopting a set of improved waveform samples. Then, within one symbol duration, the peak envelopes of the received signals are captured at each of synchronization bit with a quantity of sampling offsets to improve the proportion of the reliable data tones. In addition, a novel demodulation scheme using an amplitude-position detector based on soft decision is proposed to recover the MPPSK symbols, which can minimize the contamination influence of channel noise on symbol decision. With this scheme, the false alarm error and wrong slot error caused by the multipath fading in VLC channel can be effectively corrected and the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduce the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at least by 2 dB for BER = 10⁻⁴, which show the feasibility and validity of this anti-noise modem.     

Optimum soft decision decoding with channel state information inthe presence of fading

The article first presents the formulation for computing the optimum soft decision metrics for decoding of convolutional codes on fading channels and then demonstrate the performance gains achieved in using the optimum soft decision metrics. The optimum soft decision metrics use channel state information to account for signal strength variations due to fading. The formulation for computing the optimum soft decision metrics is given for the general case in which the statistics of the additive noise on the channel is nonstationary. However, the formulation is applied to a more simple case in which the noise is assumed to be stationary. The results indicate that at moderate signal-to-noise ratios, the 2 dB advantage usually claimed for soft decision decoding over hard decision decoding on Gaussian channels is achievable on fading channel, with the rate 3/4 code used, if the channel state information is incorporated in the soft decision metrics     

单载波频域均衡信道估计分析

针对高速率信息传输系统中多径衰落对单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)信道估计造成的影响,在SC-FDE原理基础上,将无线通信中信噪比估计和SC-FDE中信道估计结合起来,对现有信噪比估计算法进行优化。分析和仿真结果表明,此方法能有效地改善多径衰落信道中信道估计的有效性,提高了频域均衡的效果,从而改善了SC-FDE系统的误码率(BER)性能。