基于直线电机应用的数控机床驱动控制技术探讨

随着国际航空、模具加工、汽车制造、电子行业迅猛发展,对加工效率要求越来越高。本文根据直线电机的特点、原理,结合我国基于直线电机应用的数控机床对驱动控制技术进行了简要的探讨和阐述,从而提高数控机床的精度和效益。     

基于音圈电机伺服控制的应用研究

随着电机控制技术的不断发展,传统的伺服电机控制方式已经不能适应高速度、高精度控制运动的要求,而直线电机的直接驱动方式由于取消了一切中间传动环节,具有结构简单、动态响应快、速度快、精度高、振动和噪音小等优点,在各类高速、高精度加工设备中具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了音圈式直线电机的结构特点和工作原理,阐述了音圈电机的伺服控制技术,并介绍了音圈电机在封装设备中的实际应用。     

电机智能化与精准控制伺服系统的研究

针对提高电机的精准度,增加机械制造业产品良品率的目的,设计研发了智能电机伺服系统,采用了前馈控制技术、机械静止摩擦的非线性控制技术、高分辨的位置检测装置、补偿技术、精准电机控制技术、智能电机保护技术,通过智能电机伺服驱动器与多轴运动控制器和监控器相互配合,利用以太网完成各轴的调整、监控和通常的分析,从而达到复杂的多轴运动和精准控制的目的。通过应用证明:采用本系统生产的产品良品率比原系统生产的产品良品率提高96%以上,机械作业效率提高1～2倍。     

数控机床大推力永磁同步直线电机控制方法

以大推力直线电机及数控机床性能测试为背景,对双边型大推力永磁同步直线电机进行测试,测试中使用Turbo Pmac Clipper作为运动控制器,对直线电机进行速度测试.运用前馈+PID算法调节,尽可能得到设计的响应曲线,并且减小直线电机跟随误差.结果表明,使用该控制方法能使直线电机的进给系统得到良好的动态及静态性能.     

基于Nios Ⅱ的超声电机驱动控制电路

针对直线超声电机的特点,设计了一种以FPGA为核心、基于SOPC技术和NiosⅡ软核处理器的新型超声电机驱动控制器,以控制直线型超声电机的速度和位移。该驱动控制器把CPU、DDS模块以及光栅反馈计数模块都集成在一片FPGA中,具有电子元件使用少,功耗低,易修改、易升级等特点,为超声电机的各种运动平台提供了一个良好的闭环控制系统。     

基于PMAC的电机控制技术研究

随着科学技术的不断发展,工业水平的不断提升,在世界范围内的先进控制技术得到了很大的提升。在以往的电机控制中,由于控制器的控制能力有限,使得被控对象在运行时有很大的误差产生,而以PMAC为核心控制器的电机运行设备具有更高的控制能力。本文在对PMAC运动控制器及直线电机原理进行概述的基础上,重点研究PMAC控制器在直线电机PID调节中的应用,并以具体的实验进行验证。     

直线电机往复泵采油控制技术的研究

目前各油田的抽油设备多为游梁式抽油机,其存在的主要问题是能耗大、效率低.而直线电机抽油机采用直线电机驱动,舍弃了大部分变速传动环节,将传统的旋转驱动变为直线往复驱动,使直线电机抽油机具有更加完善的运动性能、动力性能和平衡性能.论文首先探讨了低渗透油田采油机理,进而分析了直线电机等效电路和机械特性,在此基础上提出了直线电机往复泵采油工艺方案.试验结果证明,该工艺解决了杆管偏磨问题,提高了能源利用率,延长了检泵修井周期,是采油厂降本增效行之有效的采油工艺.     

新型电机控制技术用于电动汽车的机遇与挑战

随着中国政府关于新能源汽车扶持政策的逐步实施,中国正迎来电动汽车(EV)产业的发展黄金时期,相对燃油汽车而言,纯电动汽车的动力装置主要由驱动电机、调速控制器、动力电池、车载充电器这四大部件构成,因此电机控制技术半导体解决方案供应商同样面临着巨大的市场机遇。本刊采访到若干电机控制半导体技术解决方案供应商的代表,详细分析了电动汽车领域电机控制技术的发展趋势和走向,总结出未来一段时间的市场热点,希望可以让业界电机控制系统设计工程师大有收获。相对于传统汽车用汽油发动机提供动力,电动汽车则需要靠电动机来驱动,它的时速快慢和启动速度取决于驱动电机的功率和性能。纯电动汽车的驱动电机有直流有刷、无刷、有永磁、电磁之分,再有交流步进电机等,它们的选用也与整车配置、用途、档次有关。另外驱动电机之调速控制也分有级调速和无级调速,有采用电子调速控制器和不用调速控制器之分。电动机有轮毂电机、内转子电机、有单电机驱动、多电机驱动和组合电机驱动等。     

用于计算机磁头驱动的新型直线超声电机

提出并设计了一种用于计算机硬盘磁头驱动的新型矩形压电复合板直线超声电机,并详细地给出了它的结构组成和运动机理分析。该直线超声电机利用了矩形板面内两种弯曲模态的合成,通过对复合振子的合理设计使两弯曲模态频率趋于一致,并通过改变驱动信号的相位差实现电机的往复直线运动。它除了具有直线超声电机的共同特点外,还具有自身的薄、小、轻、驱动力大等突出特点,可直接应用于计算机硬盘磁头驱动等外设装置中,以及其他需要高精度定位和快速响应的直线运动系统中。     

基于开放式数控系统软件的PLC设计

从数控技术产生并应用至今,数控系统经历了从专用封闭式体系向开放式模块化结构的发展过程,其辅助控制功能由可编程逻辑控制器来实现,而传统PLC并不能满足开放式数控系统的需求。因此,基于PLC机的采用软件实现控制功能的软PLC技术出现并不断发展起来。本文首先介绍了PLC的概念及特点,之后讲述了PLC结构与工作原理,然后叙述了开放式数控系统对软PLC需求,最后详细介绍了软件PLC的开发运行系统。     

New self-tuning fuzzy PI control of a novel doubly salient permanent-magnet motor drive

In a doubly salient permanent-magnet (DSPM) motor drive, it is difficult to get satisfied control characteristics by using a normal linear proportional plus integral (PI) controller due to the high nonlinearity between speed and current or torque. Hence, a new self-tuning fuzzy PI controller with conditional integral, which is performed by a single-chip N87C196KD, is proposed. The initial parameters of the controller are optimized by using genetic arithmetic. Simulation and experiments on the newly proposed 8/6-pole DSPM machine have shown that the proposed new self-tuning fuzzy PI controller offers better adaptability than the normal linear PI control and that the developed motor drive offers better steady-state and dynamic performances.     

基于IRMCK201和ZigBee的圆网印花同步控制系统

针对圆网印花系统中导带驱动辊与圆网驱动对速度同步的要求,提出了基于IRMCK201和ZigBee技术的圆网印花同步控制系统,给出了同步控制系统结构。选用IRMCK201专用电机伺服控制芯片作为各驱动电机的伺服控制器,选用基于ZigBee技术的无线芯片CC2430作为系统主控制器和数据通信网络。设计了伺服控制电路、主控制器和无线通信节点电路以及相应的程序流程,实现了圆网印花系统各单元的速度同步控制。运行结果表明,该系统稳定可靠、抗干扰、能耗低、体积小、成本低,为纺织生产中圆网印花各驱动单元的同步控制提供了一种新技术。     

A model predictive control approach for time optimal point-to-point motion control

This paper presents a new model predictive control method for time-optimal point-to-point motion control of mechatronic systems. The formulation of time-optimal behavior within the model predictive control framework and the structure of the underlying optimization problem are discussed and modifications are presented in order to decrease the computational load of the numerical solution method such that sampling rates in the millisecond range and long prediction horizons for large point-to-point motions are feasible. An extensive experimental validation on a linear motor drive and an overhead crane setup demonstrates the advantages of the developed time-optimal model predictive control approach in comparison with traditional model predictive control.     

Design, modeling and control of a hybrid machine system

A hybrid machine is such a machine where its drive system integrates two types of motors: the servomotor and the constant velocity (CV) motor. The existing research on the hybrid machine prototypes usually uses two servomotors, of which one “mimic” the CV motor by prescribing a constant velocity trajectory profile. It is obvious that this departs away from the real situation where a CV motor is in place. The CV motor will bring in the velocity fluctuation which can not be attenuated by the CV motor itself due to the lack of a control mechanism in the CV motor, yet be propagated to the servomotor, and further to the end-effector of the machine. The general strategy for controlling the hybrid machine is therefore to model this propagated fluctuation and incorporate it into a controller for the servomotor. A controller based on the sliding mode control technique is proposed for the hybrid machine in this paper. The stability analysis shows that the controller is asymptotically stable. Simulation with a preliminary test demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of this controller. Finally, we examine further performance improvement through attaching a flywheel on the CV motor to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synergy of the integration of mechanical and electrical means.     

永磁直驱风力发电系统内模解耦控制研究

针对永磁直驱风力发电系统中传统解耦策略易受系统参数变化的影响、对负载变化的适应能力差和抗干扰能力弱等缺点,本文将内模解耦控制引入双三电平永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧和机侧控制系统,并对机侧内模控制器的设计进行了详细的介绍。仿真实验结果表明电流内环采用内模解耦控制后,可有效抑制干扰及模型失配对输出的影响,克服传统的PI控制不能动态解耦以及对电机参数敏感的问题,并增强对给定信号的跟踪能力。     

Current-mode control for sensorless BDCM drive with intelligent commutation tuning

The winding current response speed and the adequate commutation significantly affect the control performance of a sensorless brushless dc motor (BDCM) drive. In this paper, the studies about these two issues to enhance the performance of BDCM drive are made. First, the sensorless inverter-fed BDCM drive with a proposed current command generation scheme is established. An intelligent commutation instant tuning technique is developed to pursue better motor torque generating characteristics. For achieving this goal, the motor drawn line current minimization is employed as the performance index in making the commutation tuning. After generating the current command with adequate commutation, a robust current-mode controller is further developed and applied to greatly speed up the square wave current tracking response and the response is rather insensitive to the machine parameter and back electromotive force (back-EMF) changes. In Addition, a simple starting method and a speed estimation approach are also proposed. Some experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.     

模糊理论在数控铣床加工中的应用研究

基于对数控铣床加工过程智能优化与提高加工效率的目的,改变传统的数控铣床加工过程中加工参数一成不变情况。本文从加工过程中,人的思维逻辑作用出发,选定模糊理论作为调整加工参数的方法设计一个能够自动调整伺服电机进给速度的模糊控制器,实现伺服电机的恒功率加工,提高铣削加工效率。并结合仿真手段对模糊控制器的控制作用进行仿真分析。找到一个合适的进给速度,对模糊控制器在数控铣床实际加工中的应用提供一个参数指导。     

Microcomputer implementation of optimal algorithms for closed-loop control of hybrid stepper motor drives

This paper discusses optimal algorithms for closed-loop control of hybrid stepper motor drives and their microprocessor implementation. The torque characteristics and the optimal control angle of hybrid stepper motor drives with added series resistance and reluctant stepper motor drives have been described in detail in the literature. The specific contribution of the paper to this field of research consists of the analysis of the torque characteristics and the optimal control angle of hybrid stepper motor drives with a chopper amplifier and current controller. Analytical expressions for the average torque and the optimal control angle of a two-phase hybrid stepper motor with chopper amplifier and current controller have been developed. An actual hybrid stepper motor drive and the microcontroller-based implementation of the suboptimal and exact optimal control algorithms have been described. The experimental results obtained by positioning a two-phase hybrid stepper motor drive with chopper amplifier, phase current controller, and incremental encoder suggested that the derived optimal control algorithm provided maximum acceleration and minimum positioning time of the hybrid stepper motor drive.     

Overmodulation strategy for high-performance torque control

In the overmodulation region, the operation of the electrical drive system with a current controller is characterized by a rapid deterioration of motor torque and speed. It is desirable to use the overmodulation strategy, which guarantees the fast response even in transient state and satisfies the overall closed-loop control performance. In this paper, in order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the electrical drive, a new overmodulation technique is proposed. Considering the current transition characteristics, an efficient overmodulation strategy is introduced to achieve better transient performance through an adequate voltage selection. With the help of a new overmodulation strategy, required electrical torque can be directly produced as quickly as possible, and stable drive characteristics can be achieved in the transient condition. The proposed method has been implemented on an actual inverter system and thoroughly tested on a 900-W interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) to confirm its feasibility