公共建筑玻璃窗的节能设计

门窗与玻璃幕墙是公共建筑节能设计的关键部位.研究表明,通过玻璃的能量损失占建筑能量消耗的第一位.介绍了常见节能玻璃的种类和性能以及常见的节能门窗结构,为建筑设计人员根据当地气象实际情况进行选择使用提供参考.     

公共建筑节能改造节能量核定方法研究

节能量核定作为公共建筑改造验收的主要考核点,也是采用合同能源管理等市场机制模式开展的核心问题。介绍国内外节能量核定的主要方法,针对公共建筑围护结构改造情况,给出建筑节能核定思路,通过计算,修正结果获得系统改造节能效益。     

Economic analysis of energy-saving renovation measures for urban existing residential buildings in China based on thermal simulation and site investigation

Energy-saving renovations of existing residential buildings have proven to be very helpful in alleviating the pressure of energy shortages and CO₂ emission, but an economic analysis of the measures by using a life cycle cost (LCC) method is very important and necessary to determine whether to implement them or not. Based on thermal simulation and site investigation, the paper uses one urban existing residential building in Hangzhou city of China as the subject building, and analyzes the economic benefits from the energy-saving renovation measures through the LCC method.     

A computer program to study the thermal conditions in retrofitted buildings

A computer program has been developed to check the thermal conditions in retrofit buildings in the different regions of Spain. The actual energy consumption of the building is compared first with the theoretically calculated values and then with the limit rates given by government regulations. At the same time, thermal insulation and quality of design of the installations are checked with regard to the norms. Following this, excessive energy consumption can be detected and the causes diagnosed. Computer output then can give the thermal conditions of buildings, the reasons for excessive consumption and the technical recommendations for reducing the energy waste.     

沈阳市公共建筑空调系统调查与节能分析

调查了沈阳市13栋公共建筑,调查内容包括冷源方式、水系统方式、末端方式及相应的控制策略。调查结果显示:水源热泵系统应用广泛,水系统主要为一次泵定流量系统,末端形式以风机盘管为主,空调系统整体控制水平较低,具有较大节能改造潜力。最后,针对沈阳市现状,提出了节能改造建议。     

Determination of the economical insulation thickness of building envelopes simultaneously in energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings

When the energy saving rate of existing residential buildings renovation is determined, the thermal performances of external walls, windows, and roof interact with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to study the determination of economical insulation thickness of building envelopes considering the interaction among building envelope performances. The objective function and its bound of envelope thermal performance optimization in the energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings in severe cold and cold zones in China were established. It is the conditional extremum problem and can be solved through Lagrange’s method of multipliers to determine the economical insulation thickness of external walls and roofs simultaneously. The method is proved to be feasible by an existing residential building in Beijing. When the same window types are selected, the energy-saving renovation program of the building envelope determined by the Lagrangian optimization method can produce the minimum investment in insulation, minimum investment payback period, and the largest net present value (NPV) of the life cycle.     

基于综合性能评价的既有公共建筑改造效果分析

既有公共建筑改造需要有效的综合性能评价方法。基于协会标准《既有公共建筑综合性能提升技术规程》(报批稿)的指标体系和评价方法,总结既有公共建筑综合性能提升效果评估方法,根据该方法对实际公共建筑改造前后的综合性能进行评估。结果表明,该评估方法性能导向的构建思路具有科学合理性,并对实际公共建筑改造效果的评价具有较好的敏感性。     

Updates to the China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency in public buildings

The China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency in public buildings (GB 50189) debuted in 2005 when China completed the 10th Five-Year Plan. GB 50189-2005 played a crucial role in regulating the energy efficiency in Chinese commercial buildings. The standard was recently updated in 2014 to increase energy savings targets by 30% compared with the 2005 standard. This paper reviews the major changes to the standard, including expansion of energy efficiency coverage and more stringent efficiency requirements. The paper also discusses the interrelationship of the design standard with China's other building energy standards. Furthermore, comparisons are made with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 to provide contrasting differences in efficiency requirements. Finally recommendations are provided to guide the future standard revision, focusing on three areas: (1) increasing efficiency requirements of building envelope and HVAC systems, (2) adding a whole-building performance compliance pathway and implementing a ruleset based automatic code baseline model generation in an effort to reduce the discrepancies of baseline models created by different tools and users, and (3) adding inspection and commissioning requirements to ensure building equipment and systems are installed correctly and operate as designed.     

太阳能烟囱在节能建筑中的应用

以某科技示范园中太阳能别墅楼顶建造的太阳能烟囱装置为例,简要介绍了利用太阳能烟囱拔风降低室内温度、解决系统过热问题的优点和可行性,说明了实际工程设计方法,为太阳能烟囱的国内推广提供了一定的实践经验。     

我国北方既有建筑通风优化设计研究

良好的建筑通风设计,是降低建筑能耗的先决条件,是最经济的建筑节能方法,针对我国北方某一大学的既有食堂建筑和食堂周围建筑群,从建筑设计的角度出发利用CFD分析软件对食堂及周围建筑群进行模拟分析自然通风效果,并依据通风模拟结果对食堂和建筑群的规划设计提出节能优化方案,从而达到最优节能效果,为既有建筑群通风提供优化方案。     

Altering existing buildings in the UK

The profiles of both existing housing and existing public and commercial buildings show that many have very poor thermal efficiency. The UK housing stock is replaced at a low rate of about 1% a year, so to cut energy use it is essential to address the challenges of existing buildings. This will involve reducing energy demand through passive measures such as retrofitted insulation, replacement of windows and proper airtightness, while ensuring adequate ventilation. Active measures include upgrading improved boilers and adding locally produced energy from wind, biomass, solar power and other sources. The introduction of Display Energy Certificates will increase energy awareness but there will also need to be a programme of increased demolition for the worst-performing homes. In addition, buildings will need to be adapted to cope with worse weather, higher temperatures and increased flood risk as climate change takes effect. Overheating, rather than excessive cold, is set to become a growing problem for householders and employees in existing UK buildings.     

建筑节能技术研究进展

从建筑空调系统优化节能控制、新型空调设备节能技术、建筑室内气流组织优化、建筑相变墙体以及建筑能源管理这5个方面,介绍了建筑使用期间可以采取的一些措施,对降低运行能耗,实现建筑绿色、智能的要求有借鉴意义。     

既有建筑节能改造的研究与探讨

我国既有建筑每年消耗大量能源,对不符合节能设计规范的既有建筑进行节能改造,是实现建筑节能目标最重要和最有效的方法之一。提出节能改造流程,并结合山东省某居住建筑节能改造工程实例,选用合理的围护结构材料,详细列出节能改造步骤。通过改造前后实测数据经济效益分析,说明既有建筑的节能改造,可减少供热能耗,提高住户的热舒适度,提高人们节能意识,具有较好的节能减排推动作用。     

Policy measures to overcome barriers to energy renovation of existing buildings

Even though there is great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from existing buildings, most political effort in Korea has been focused on the construction of new buildings; few concrete measures have been taken to limit greenhouse gas emissions from existing buildings. This study examined the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from existing residential buildings as a means to cope with global warming. Additionally, several barriers to improving the energy performance of existing dwellings instead of constructing new dwellings were explored. The major barriers to improving the energy performance of existing residential buildings are: (1) a lack of awareness; (2) financial reasons; (3) insufficient information; and (4) the absence of regulatory systems. To overcome such barriers, systems adopted and implemented in developed European countries were considered and their feasibility was verified so that political measures could be suggested to improve the energy performance of existing dwellings in Korea.     

既有建筑的围护结构节能改造分析

以某办公建筑和住宅楼为模型,对其进行围护结构节能改造分析.通过计算比较改造前后室内负荷的变化,发现节能效果相当显著,证明在我国既有建筑围护结构节能改造存在相当大的潜力.     

光伏系统在既有建筑改造中的应用——澳门房屋局立面改造设计分析

通过对澳门房屋局的立面改造方案进行分析,阐述了在既有建筑的立面改造中如何将光伏技术与建筑整合和应用,并引用了太阳能与建筑一体化的改造理念,为我国亚热带地区既有建筑立面改造提供了参考。     

Implementing effect of energy efficiency supervision system for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in China

The Chinese central government released a document to initiate a task of energy efficiency supervision system construction for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in 2007, which marks the overall start of existing buildings energy efficiency management in China with the government office buildings and large-scale public buildings as a breakthrough. This paper focused on the implementing effect in the demonstration region all over China for less than one year, firstly introduced the target and path of energy efficiency supervision system, then described the achievements and problems during the implementing process in the first demonstration provinces and cities. A certain data from the energy efficiency public notice in some typical demonstration provinces and cities were analyzed statistically. It can be concluded that different functional buildings have different energy consumption and the average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is too high in China compared with the common public buildings and residential buildings. The obstacles need to be overcome afterward were summarized and the prospects for the future work were also put forward in the end.     

Response of conventional and energy-saving buildings to design and human dependent factors

During the year 2000, energy-efficient buildings for low-income students at La Pampa University were designed and constructed. Buildings are located at the centre of La Pampa province, in a temperate semi-arid region of central Argentina Socio-economic, educational and environmental reasons have driven the design. Energy conservation devices, passive solar heating, natural ventilation and solar protection were the main strategies. The resulting design comprises two blocks of apartments with a useful floor area of 700 m² and main spaces. Two bedrooms, a dining room and essential services make up each apartment. Solar windows are provided for all main spaces. Northern shading devices and metallic pergolas protect all windows in summer. Once the building was finished, a monitoring plan started on December 2000. This paper shows the results of the thermal and energy behavior of apartments. The evolution of internal temperature was different in each apartment. The consumption of natural gas varied among dwellers, but the volume consumed was lower than that of conventional dwellings. Without extra building cost dwellers live under good higrothermal conditions at 50% of the auxiliary energy consumed by conventional dwellings.     

Alternative energy technologies in buildings: Stakeholder perceptions

This paper explores the factors affecting the use of alternative energy technologies (AETs) in buildings through the eyes of building project stakeholders. While there are many published lists of incentives and restrictions to using these technologies there are few reports of their impact in practical contexts. The paper reports on the results of a qualitative study of building project stakeholders in the UK—their experience of AETs, the factors that influence assessments and their views on how to improve the chances of using AETs in future projects. The large amount of variation in the importance of drivers and barriers to using AETs between projects is revealed. Despite this variation the emphasis for assessment methods is on financial concerns, largely ignoring more qualitative concerns. This lack of suitable assessment methodologies along with a lack of education, motivation and case-study information in the building industry are restricting the use of AETs in UK building projects.