PP/云母高填充复合材料性能的研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/云母填充复合材料,通过力学性能测试以及SEM、DSC等分析手段,对PP/云母高填充复合材料的性能进行了研究。结果表明:适量PP-g-MAH以及云母的添加可有效提高PP的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,其中,当PP-g-MAH和云母的添加量分别为20%和40%时,PP/云母复合材料具有最佳综合力学性能。另外,随着云母粒径的减小,PP/云母复合材料的拉伸强度提高,冲击强度降低;云母在PP基体中起到了异相成核作用,云母粒径越小,其异相成核作用越强,复合材料的结晶度则越大。     

PP/核桃壳粉复合材料的制备与性能研究

以核桃壳粉(WSP)为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/WSP复合材料。研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)界面相容剂、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)弹性体等对PP/WSP复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH界面相容剂能够改善WSP与PP的界面相容性,增强界面黏结强度,提高复合材料的力学性能,添加7%的PP-g-MAH可以使WSP用量为50%的PP/WSP复合材料的拉伸强度提高49.5%,弯曲强度提高52.9%;而添加EPDM弹性体的PP/WSP复合材料的韧性显著改善。WSP对聚合物基体的热稳定性有一定促进作用。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/OMMT复合材料性能和结构的影响

采用十八伯胺液相改性蒙脱土(MMT)制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT),以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,通过熔融挤出法制备聚丙烯(PP)/PP-g-MAH/OMMT复合材料。力学性能测试表明,PP/PP-g-MAH/OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度均比纯PP有所提高。采用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态热机械分析(DMA)仪对复合材料进行了分析。偏光显微镜和XRD分析结果显示,加入OMMT和PP-g-MAH可减小PP晶体尺寸、降低了晶体有序程度但并不改变晶体类型;SEM分析结果显示,加入PP-g-MAH使OMMT和PP基体结合更紧密,提高了二者的相容性;DMA结果表明,PP/PP-g-MAH/OMMT复合材料的玻璃化转变温度比纯PP的低,储能模量在小于80℃时比纯PP的高,而在大于80℃后比纯PP的低。     

动态固化聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／滑石粉／环氧树脂复合材料研究

将动态硫化技术应用于热塑性树脂／填料／热固性树脂复合体系，制备了动态固化聚丙烯(PP)／马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)/滑石粉(Talc)／环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。研究了动态固化PP／PP-g-MAH/Talc／EP复合材料的界面作用、形态结构、力学性能以及热稳定性。实验结果表明：PP／PP-g—MAH的加入，可明显增加PP/Talc复合材料的界面作用。在动态固化PP／PP-g-MAH/Talc／EP复合材料中，PP和Talc两相界面更加模糊，动态固化EP进一步增加了PP和Talc间的界面作用。当EP的用量超过5份时，部分EP呈颗粒状分布在PP基体中。与PP／PP-g-MAH/Talc／EP和PP／PP-MAH-Talc／EP复合材料相比，动态固化PP／PP-g-MAH/Talc／EP复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲模量均有明显提高。当EP用量超过5份时，复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率明显降低，但拉伸强度和弯曲模量继续增加。热分析表明动态固化PP／PP-g-MAH/Talc／EP复合材料具有较高的热稳定性。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。     

增容PP/回收PET共混物的力学性能

采用熔融挤出法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/增容剂/回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(r-PET)共混物,研究了r-PET、不同增容剂和混合增容剂对PP/r-PET共混物力学性能的影响.r-PET提高了PP的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及其模量,但降低了冲击强度;采用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)增容,可提高PP/r-PET共混物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及其模量,但使冲击强度稍有降低;马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)增容或PP-g-MAH/POE-g-MAH混合增容可提高PP/r-PET共混物的冲击强度,且对共混物的拉伸和弯曲强度影响不大.     

PP-g-MAH增容膨胀阻燃聚丙烯体系的研究

利用熔融共混制备了聚丙烯/膨胀型阻燃剂/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP/IFR/PP-g-MAH)阻燃复合材料。通过极限氧指数、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜及力学性能测试研究了PP-g-MAH对阻燃复合材料的阻燃性、热稳定性、微观形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH作为相容剂,当添加5 %的PP-g-MAH时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到30 %, 垂直燃烧达到UL 94 V-0级;随着PP-g-MAH含量的增加,阻燃剂和基体PP之间的界面作用力提高,体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有提升,冲击强度减小幅度不大;与未加PP-g-MAH的复合材料相比,添加相容剂的复合材料成炭率明显提高。     

PP/生物质灰复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用熔融共混工艺制备了聚丙烯(PP)/生物质灰复合材料,考察了生物质灰用量、偶联剂处理和马来酸酐接枝PP增容剂(PP-g-MAH)对复合材料力学性能的影响.研究发现,生物质灰用量为20份时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度较纯PP的性能有所提高;偶联剂KH550用量为生物质灰用量的l%时效果较好;PP-g-MAH增容剂对复合材料的增容效果明显,使材料的力学性能提高.     

聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维（PP/PP-g-MAH/EP/GF）复合材料,并研究了PP-g-MAH含量、EP含量及固化剂对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH含量为10份,含有固化剂EP的含量为3份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳;与不加EP的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了41 %、47 %、86 %。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,EP的加入明显改善了GF和PP基体的黏结强度。     

聚丙烯/芦苇纤维复合材料力学及热性能的研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/芦苇纤维复合材料。采用万能拉力试验机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对复合材料的力学性能、断面形态以及热性能进行了表征。研究结果表明:添加增容剂可以改善芦苇纤维与PP基体的界面结合性,从而提高了PP/芦苇纤维复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能以及热稳定性。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。