纳米SiO_2/UP复合材料的力学性能和热性能研究

通过熔融共混、模压成型方法,制备了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2含量对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和热膨胀性能的影响,采用SEM观察了复合材料的磨损面形貌。结果表明:当纳米SiO2含量为2.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度比纯UP分别提高了28.57%、8.43%;当纳米SiO2含量为3.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度比纯UP提高了16℃;当纳米SiO2含量为0.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的热膨胀系数为41.367×10-6K-1;加入纳米SiO2后,SiO2/UP复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

阻燃剂对UP复合材料流变性及磨损性能的影响

制备了含有氢氧化铝(ATH)、三聚氰胺多聚磷酸盐(MPP)及十溴二苯醚(DBDE)等不同阻燃剂的干式不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维(UP/GF)共混复合材料。研究了不同阻燃剂对UP/GF复合材料的阻燃性能、流动性和磨损性能的影响,并借助SEM观察了采用不同阻燃剂的UP/GF复合材料的磨损面微观形貌。结果表明,ATH的添加质量为30%时,其UP/GF复合材料的阻燃性与DBDE添加量为25%的体系相当,达到UL94 V-0级,OLI值为30.0且具有很好的抑烟和防滴落效果;同时ATH、MPP的加入可适当提高复合材料流动性能,ATH还可以改善复合材料的磨损性能,磨损体积为未添加阻燃剂体系的50%左右。     

改性氧化石墨烯/不饱和聚酯复合材料的性能研究

制备了硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH570改性氧化石墨烯(GOs),并制得改性GOs/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料(KH550-GOs/UP,KH570-GOs/UP)。采用红外光谱、热重分析及X射线光电子能谱研究了GOs的硅烷偶联剂改性效果。通过示差扫描量热分析、定速式实验机及扫描电镜研究了改性GOs对复合材料固化性及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,KH550、KH570成功地对GOs进行了化学改性,改性GOs对复合材料固化性能无不良影响。KH550-GOs/UP与GOs/UP的耐磨性相当,150℃时KH570-GOs/UP的磨损质量分别比纯UP、GOs/UP降低了21.1%、17.0%,200℃时则分别降低了23.4%、15.4%。添加改性GOs后复合材料磨损面平整光滑,无大块脱落的现象。     

Ag/SBA-15材料的制备及其CO催化氧化性能研究

采用2种不同方法将金属Ag浸渍在SBA-15上制备Ag/SBA-15复合材料,通过SEM、UV-Vis、XRD对Ag/SBA-15复合材料进行表征,并对Ag/SBA-15进行CO气体催化氧化实验,评价Ag/SBA-15复合材料的催化性能。结果表明,去除模板剂后浸渍合成的Ag/SBA-15的催化性能较好,其中金属负载量为1%的产品催化性能最好,催化所需的温度最低,CO转化率最高。     

硅藻土/不饱和聚酯复合材料的性能研究

通过原位聚合法制备了硅藻土/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料。研究了硅藻土含量对该复合材料力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)对磨损面进行观察。结果表明:当硅藻土含量为4%时,硅藻土/UP复合材料的储能模量提高了16.4%;硅藻土含量为3%时,硅藻土/UP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了6℃,冲击强度提高了11.96%,总磨损量降低了17.5%;硅藻土含量为2%时,硅藻土/UP复合材料的弯曲强度提高了23.2%。     

不饱和聚酯增容HDPE/GF复合材料的研究

以不饱和聚酯(UP)为增容剂、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料,研究了UP以及DCP的用量对该HDPE/UP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:UP的加入明显提高了复合材料的力学性能,当UP用量为7%时,复合材料的力学性能最优;而引发剂DCP的用量亦对复合材料的性能有着显著的影响,随着DCP用量的增加,复合材料的力学性能先升后降,其中当DCP用量为0.15%时,复合材料具有最佳力学性能。另外,扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果显示,UP的加入改善了复合材料的界面黏结,从而提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

SBA-15/Ni/TiO_2/CNTs复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过溶胶凝胶法,经多次涂覆在SBA-15上负载掺杂镍的纳米TiO2,得到SBA-15/NiO/TiO2复合物;再以TiO2中还原态金属镍为催化剂,通过化学气相沉积法(CVD),在SBA-15/NiO/TiO2表面原位生长碳纳米管,制得SBA-15/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis和Raman等方法考察了SBA-15/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合材料的结构和性能,并通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液评价其光催化活性。结果表明,SBA-15/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合光催化剂的催化活性较SBA-15/NiO/TiO2显著提高。二次涂覆掺杂镍的二氧化钛制得的复合光催化剂的催化活性高于一次涂覆。     

聚甲基丙烯酸/SBA-15复合物的制备

采用超声波分散技术,通过原位合成法将pH敏感的功能单体甲基丙烯酸(MAA)引入到介孔二氧化硅SBA-15的孔道内聚合,制备了pH敏感SBA-15/聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)纳米复合材料,对材料的结构和性能进行了测试。结果表明,介孔分子筛SBA-15/PMAA复合材料有较好的光学性能、热性能。聚合反应的发生并没有破坏SBA-15的有序介孔结构,显示出pH敏感性,有望在药物缓释领域得到应用。     

海泡石纤维／不饱和聚酯复合材料研究

研究了海泡石纤维／不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料制备中纤维松解、表面处理、纤维用量、增稠剂和炭黑的加入等因素的作用及影响。探讨了复合材料成型工艺参数，研究了海泡石纤维／UP复合材料的性能，并与短切玻璃纤维／UP复合材料进行了比较。发现海泡石纤维／UP复合材料密度稍大，常态体积电阻稍小，硬度接近，表面电阻及沸煮后的体积电阻值则较高。     

乙烯醋酸乙烯酯橡胶/介孔二氧化硅复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了介孔二氧化硅(SBA-15),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)进行了结构表征。结果表明,SBA-15是具有二维六方孔道结构的介孔材料。将SBA-15和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)通过湿法混合,以有机过氧化物为硫化剂,制备了EVM/SBA-15复合材料,研究了复合材料的介电行为、力学性能和热稳定性。结果表明,在EVM中引入SBA-15,能有效降低橡胶的介电常数,存在二氧化硅份数最佳值。SBA-15最佳用量为4份,EVM/SBA-15的介电常数由纯EVM的6.6降低到4.4,降低33%。复合材料的拉伸强度和热稳定性较纯EVM均有显著改善。     

Wear and mechanical properties of reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/unsaturated polyester/glass fiber hybrid composites

To improve the performance of unsaturated polyester (UP) under cold‐heat alternate temperature, self‐synthesized reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP)‐methacryloyl copolymer (LCMC), UP, and glass fiber (GF) hybrid composites was prepared by molding technology. The apparent activation energy and crystal behavior analysis of LCMC/UP blends were investigated by Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively, the results showed that the addition of LCMC can reduce apparent activation energy and accelerate the curing reaction of UP, the XRD analysis indicated that the crystal phase of LCMC still exist in the blends after blending with UP. The effect of LCMC content on the properties of LCMC/UP/GF hybrid composites such as impact strength, bending strength, and ring‐on‐block wear were also investigated through static mechanical tests and wear tests. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites increased significantly because of the addition of LCMC. The wear tests showed that LCMC can improve the wear resistance of the UP/GF/LCMC hybrid composites even though the content of LCMC was at a relatively low level (5–7.5 wt %). This makes it possible to develop novel kind of UP‐based materials with good wear resistance for various applications. The Worn surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanism for the improvement is discussed in this paper. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3899–3906, 2007     

UP/GF/TLCP原位混杂复合材料的性能研究

采用自行合成的双键液晶聚合物（TLCP）,通过原位复合的方法制备了不饱和聚酯（UP）／玻璃纤维（GF）／TLCP原位混杂复合材料。研究了TLCP用量对UP／GF／TLCP复合材料的磨损性能、流变性能和材料表面电阻和体积电阻的影响。结果表明,TLCP用量对材料的流变性能、磨损性能和吸水性能有较大影响,当加入质量分数为5％的TLCP时,材料的流动性能最好,熔体体积流动速率达到0．097cm^3／s;当TLCP质量分数为7．5％时,材料的磨损量比未加TLCP的材料减少50％;随着TLCP用量的增加,材料的吸水性降低;TLCP用量对材料电性能影响不大。     

有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的研究

采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯，以改性的不饱和聚酯为基体，以两种玻璃布(EW210、CWR400-90)为增强材料，以两个不同凝胶时间的不饱和聚酯树脂体系制备三种有机累托石改性的不饱和聚酯磁璃纤维复合材料(UPB1、UPB2、UPB3)。测试了不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维的力学性能；研究了复合材料的耐湿热性及耐介质性能；利用扫描电镜及透射电镜分析了复合材料的增强机理。结果表明，采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯所制备的不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的综合力学性能优于纯不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料。     

Effects of SBA-15 and its content on MMA solution polymerization and PMMA composites

An ordered mesoporous material, such as SBA-15 was considered as a promising reinforcement agent for polymeric materials due to its large surface area and uniform pore structure. In this paper, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/SBA-15 composites were prepared by in situ free-radical solution polymerization of MMA in the presence of SBA-15. The effects of SBA-15 content on solution polymerization and the properties of the final polymer composite were investigated. The PMMA molecular weight and its distribution in PMMA/SBA-15 composites were determined by gel permeation chromatography. Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the structure and properties of the composites. The morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the monomer conversion dropped off, but the polymer average molecular weight increased upon the introduction of SBA-15 into solution polymerization process. When compared with pure PMMA, the storage modulus of the composites was improved and the highest improvement was acquired at 1 wt% of SBA-15, based on the monomer feed content. The glass transition temperatures of the composites were increased slightly. TGA results confirmed that the thermal stability of the composite was not influenced much and a higher degree of terminal vinyl groups was formed in the product of polymerization. SEM and TEM images indicated that SBA-15 particles were incorporated into the polymer matrix.     

改性二硫化钼/丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对二硫化钼进行改性,通过乳液法和熔体法制备改性二硫化钼/丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,并对其物理性能和耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:改性二硫化钼/NBR复合材料的物理性能和耐磨性能好于未改性二硫化钼/NBR复合材料;与熔体法相比,乳液法制备的改性二硫化钼/NBR复合材料的物理性能和耐磨性能更好。     

Effects of preparation methods on the property of PMMA/SBA-15 mesoporous silica composites

In the paper, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)/SBA-15 composite materials were prepared by four different methods, that is, in-situ batch emulsion polymerization in the presence of mesoporous SBA-15, PMMA emulsion mixed with SBA-15 powder or dispersion in water, PMMA powder mixed with SBA-15 powder, and the properties of the composite materials were determined and compared. The composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanics analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the glass transition temperatures (Tg), the storage modulus and tensile strength of the PMMA/SBA-15 composites were all improved obviously, while the thermal decomposition temperature did not influenced apparently. The composite made by in-situ batch polymerization exhibited the most improvement in the mechanical properties and Tg while the composite prepared by mixing PMMA emulsion and SBA-15 dispersion gave rise to the least improvement in the mechanical properties and Tg. These results were contributed to introducing different amount of voids into polymer matrix which were demonstrated by dielectric constant measurement and SEM morphology observation.     

氢氧化铝含量对聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

通过熔融混炼和模压成型工艺,制备含氢氧化铝(ATH)的干式不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维(UP/GF)共混复合材料。采用氧指数法(LOI)和垂直燃烧法(UL94)表征UP/GF复合材料的阻燃性能,采用DMA研究UP/GF复合材料的动态力学性能,采用静态力学方法研究UP/GF复合材料的冲击和弯曲性能。结果表明:UP复合材料中,ATH的含量在25%时,既能够满足V—0级阻燃级别,氧指数值为28.7%,且材料的冲击和弯曲强度分别为5.66kJ/m2和58.72MPa,同时也有较好的动态力学性能。     

Dynamic mechanical,mechanical and morphological properties of reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/unsaturated polyester/glass fibre hybrid composites

Abstract

Unsaturated polyester (UP) reinforced with self-synthesised reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP)–methacryloyl copolymer (LCMC) and glass fibre (GF), the hybrid composites of UP/GF/LCMC were prepared by moulding technology. The dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T _g) of hybrid composites increased significantly because of the addition of LCMC. The effect of LCMC content on the mechanical properties of LCMC/UP/GF hybrid composites such as impact strength, specific strength and modulus and load–displacement relationship were also investigated through static mechanical tests. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites increased significantly because of the addition of LCMC. The crystal behaviour analysis of LCMC/UP blend was investigated by X-ray diffraction and polarising optical microscopy. The results showed that the crystal phase and texture structure of LCMC still existed in the blends after blending with UP. The morphology of fracture surfaces of hybrid composites containing different TLCP contents was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The present paper discussed the mechanism for the improvement of dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties.     

组装法制备巯基改性磁性SBA-15

采用热分解法制备了单分散、平均粒径约15nm的锰铁氧体磁性纳米粒子。通过正硅酸乙酯与磁性纳米粒子表面油酸盐的配体交换将磁性纳米粒子锚定在SBA-15表面。并且将负载过程与巯基改性过程耦合制备了巯基改性的磁性SBA-15。考察了合成SBA-15过程中干燥方式对其结构和性质的影响,研究了负载磁性纳米粒子和巯基改性顺序对巯基改性磁性SBA-15的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,喷雾干燥法合成的SBA-15介孔孔壁较薄,但具有更大的比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径。以其为载体时磁性纳米粒子负载量更大,所得磁性SBA-15的饱和磁强度更高。当将巯基改性和负载磁性纳米粒子分为前后两步时,巯基改性SBA-15的表面疏水环境有利于吸附疏水磁性纳米粒子,所得磁性SBA-15负载磁性纳米粒子量更大,饱和磁强度更高。磁性纳米粒子粒径大于SBA-15孔径,其主要负载于SBA-15外表面,有利于得到介孔孔道通畅的磁性SBA-15。巯基改性的磁性SBA-15的孔体积介于0.56~0.6cm³/g,比表面积介于353~432m²/g,饱和磁强度最高达到0.91emu/g,可作为一种大容量的吸附材料用于吸附分离、药物缓释等领域。     

改性硼酸镁晶须/丁苯橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

采用偶联剂Si69对硼酸镁晶须进行改性,制备改性硼酸镁晶须/丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合材料,并对其性能进行研究。结果表明:硼酸镁晶须的加入使复合材料的物理性能和耐磨性能均有不同程度的提高;与未改性硼酸镁晶须相比,加入改性硼酸镁晶须的复合材料的物理性能较好。硼酸镁晶须能够显著提高复合材料的耐磨性能;与未改性硼酸镁晶须相比,加入改性硼酸镁晶须的SBR复合材料的耐磨性能较好。