SBR反应器不同培养方式反硝化除磷效果的比较

在序批式反应器(SBR反应器)中,采用不同培养方式培养反硝化除磷菌,考察了其脱氮除磷效果,并考察了在投加不同电子受体浓度条件下的反硝化除磷效果.结果表明,直接厌氧-缺氧的培养时问远少于厌氧-好氧转化为厌氧-缺氧的培养时间,且效果更佳.当外加电子受体浓度(即NO3-N的浓度)为25 mg/L时,两个SBR反应器的脱氮除磷效果均为最佳,出水含氮、磷量较低.     

NaCl盐度对SBR工艺短程硝化反硝化的影响

利用序批式活性污泥反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)研究了NaCl盐度、水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)和进水负荷对短程硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,在pH、温度和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)质量浓度分别为7.5~8.5、30~35℃和0.5~1 mg/L的条件下,当NaCl盐度、进水化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和氨氮质量浓度分别为5.8~25.0 g/L、450~550 mg/L和35~45 mg/L时,NO₂^--N累积率大于50%.在NaCl盐度14.5 g/L的条件下,当HRT为6.21 h,进水中每天1 kg悬浮物中所含的CDD和氨氮量分别为5.03×10^-2和2.24×10^-3kg时,亚硝酸盐累积率高于99%.高盐环境下控制HRT、有机负荷与氨氮负荷可实现短程硝化反硝化,实现短程硝化的耐盐极限为25 g/L.     

臭氧应用于SBR剩余污泥减量的研究

本研究的结果表明,臭氧可以用于减少序批式生物反应器(SBR)系统产生的剩余污泥量.该系统由SBR和污泥臭氧化及回流装置组成,其中SBR排出的污泥经与臭氧接触反应再回流到SBR中.结果显示,臭氧化促进了反应器中生物量的减少,并有一定量的生物污泥被无机化.在臭氧投加量接近于0.2gO3/gSS且污泥回流量为0.3L/L·d时,污泥观测产率Yobs可接近零.另外,当臭氧投加量为0.05gO3/gSS且污泥回流量为0.4L/L·d时,也可得到相同结果.实验中SBR的MLSS有效地维持在4000～6000mg/L之间.     

快速启动短程硝化过程起始pH值对亚硝酸盐积累的影响

为利用实际生活污水快速启动短程硝化,试验采用3个SBR装置在温度为25℃、ρ_DO=2 mg/L、曝气时间分别为T/2、3T/4、7T/8(T为从曝气开始到“氨谷”出现的时间)时考察亚硝酸盐积累的情况.运行12个周期后,3个反应器中的亚硝酸盐积累率分别为5%、2%、5%.反应器混合液初始pH值从小于7.5水平调节到7.7~8.0,稳定运行几个周期后发现,亚硝酸盐积累率分别提高到了50%、47%、70%,曝气时间为7T/8时的反应器中的亚硝酸盐积累率上升速率最快,成功启动短程硝化.结果表明,在适当的曝气时间下,利用反应体系内pH对硝化菌群结构的影响及FA对硝酸菌的抑制作用可以提高亚硝酸盐积累率,快速启动短程硝化.     

养猪废水厌氧消化液SBR短程硝化系统影响因素

针对养猪废水厌氧消化液较高残留的氨氮,为开发短程硝化-反硝化脱氮工艺,以序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)的运行为基础,探讨温度、氨氮负荷(Rnl)和曝气时间对活性污泥系统短程硝化特征的影响．结果表明: 在28和15 ℃ 条件下,将溶解氧控制为1.0～2.0 mg·L-1时,SBR系统均能实现良好的短程硝化功能;但在15 ℃条件下,氨氮去除率和亚硝酸盐积累率(Rna)较28 ℃均有显著下降,分别从71.1％和96.7％降到52.8％和85.4％;在28 ℃条件下,氨氮负荷由0.56 kg·m-3·d-1大幅提高到2.18 kg·m-3·d-1后,SBR系统的氨氮去除率显著降为48.6％,但Rna仍然高达96.8％,保持了良好的短程硝化性能．Rnl较高时,可适当延长曝气时间以强化SBR系统的氨氮氧化能力. 但曝气时间过长会导致大量NO₂--N的氧化,Rna显著下降．     

pH对高氨废水限氧半亚硝化过程中N2O释放的影响

为获得半亚硝化系统中强温室气体N2O减量化释放的控制参数,采用SBR处理人工合成高氨废水(进水氨氮质量浓度约为600 mg·L-1),考察不同进水pH(7.5,8.0和8.5)对N2O释放特性的影响.结果表明,不同进水pH下均释放N2O,每个周期内N2O的释放量随进水pH的升高而减小.pH为7.5,8.0及8.5时,N2O释放量分别占进水氨氮的3.81%、2.35%和2.00%.当pH为7.5时,曝气初始50 min内,N2O释放速率先增大后减小,峰值速率为44.5μg·min-1·g-1,之后维持在16.5μg·min-1·g-1;当p H为8.0及8.5时,曝气初期N2O释放峰值速率分别为33.7,22.9μg·min-1·g-1,之后释放速率随pH降低和NO2-积累而逐渐增大.     

Anammox反应器启动过程中菌群群体感应现象

为了解决由于Anammox菌生长缓慢、倍增时间长而导致厌氧氨氧化反应器启动时间长的瓶颈问题,对序批式厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程中的脱氮性能、高活性Anammox菌的诱导作用以及Anammox倾向于\     

以ORP作为SBR反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累过程控制参数

为避免序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺生物脱氮反硝化过程毒性更大的亚硝态氮(NO₂^--N)排入受纳水体,以缺氧/厌氧上流式厌氧污泥流化床(UASB)预处理的实际垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,考察了以氧化还原电位(ORP)作为SBR反硝化过程NO₂^--N积累控制参数的可行性.结果表明:对于4种不同N初始的ρ(NO₃^--N),NO₂^--N均实现明显积累,积累速率分别为0.117、0.136、0.235、0.068/d.反应过程中,ORP曲线先后出现NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N拐点,表明硝态氮和亚硝态氮还原反应结束.对于有明显亚硝态氮积累的反硝化过程,仅以NO₃^--N作为反硝化速率(r_DN)的单值函数是不准确的,应以总氧化态氮计,如以NO₃^--N作为底物,将其定义为“名义”r_DN.温度分别为14.2、13.9℃低温,5种不同n(C)/n(N)条件下,亚硝态氮均积累,亚硝态氮峰值点为速率平衡点.当n(C)/n(N)低于理论值时,相对NO_x^--N→N₂的全程反硝化碳源不充足,但相对于NO₃^--N→NO₂^--N的转化碳源充足.     

SBR法硝化与反硝化的试验研究

本文介绍了ＳＢＲ法硝化、反硝化及连续硝化、反硝化的反应规律。试验结果表明，脱氮进行的顺利与否，主要决定于硝化反应完成的程度。但在反硝化过程，不投加有机碳源的反硝化速率远远低于投加有机碳源的速度。因此，在反硝化时，投加一定的碳源是必要的，它可以加快反硝化速率，缩短反应时间并减小反应器容积。     

味精工业废水SBR生物脱氮实验研究

在脱氮要求条件下,选择脱氮型SBR运行模式,采取相应强化脱氮措施,研究味精废水SBR生物脱氮的效果.结果表明:进水阶段采用限制性曝气方式.运行工况为进水曝气8 h、厌氧搅拌1 h、后段曝气1 h、沉淀1 h、排水0.5 h;硝化反应过程pH值宜控制在8左右;硝化阶段、反硝化阶段溶解氧浓度宜分别控制在2.0 mg/L和0.5 mg/L左右;NH3-N污泥负荷宜控制在0.01～0.02 kg/(kg MLSS·d).当进水NH3-N浓度为18.2～269.1 mg/L时,出水浓度为8.0～38.4 mg/L,NH3-N的去除率范围为51.1%～87.7%,出水NH3-N指标能满足GB19431-2004<味精工业污染物排放标准>中50 mg/L的限值要求.     

序批式生物膜技术(SBBR)的应用及其发展

介绍了序批式生物膜技术（SBBR）的主要发展及其应用情况，同时对该技术的分类、运行方式及特点作了详细说明．水质、水量变化的频繁性及运行过程中各种不确定因素的出现，是许多污水处理机构面临的新问题，SBBR技术的提出为有效解决这一问题提供了新思路．SBBR是将SBR的间歇操作模式引入到生物膜反应器的全新应用，它集合了SBR和传统生物膜技术的优点，不仅可高效处理水力负荷变化较大的城市生活污水，实现脱氟除磷的深度处理要求，而且通过添加特殊膜材质作为填料对特种茵加以固定化后，可有效地处理含有毒有害、难降解和易挥发有机污染物的工业废水，因而具有较好的应用前景．     

亚硝酸型硝化在生物陶粒反应器中的实现

为确定低氨氮污水处理过程中的亚硝酸型硝化的特性,采用生物陶粒反应器对其亚硝化效果和稳定性进行研究.试验结果表明,在水温20~25℃,水力负荷0.6 m3/(m2.h),气水比(3~5)∶1,进水COD负荷106~316 mg/L,氨氮负荷42.78~73.62 mg/L的条件下,反应器对氨氮的平均去除率可达到81.32%,且亚硝酸氮积累率基本稳定地保持在91%~99%.结合反应器中氮元素沿程变化分析及反应器内生物膜中微生物的计数结果表明,通过控制低溶解氧,实现了在常温条件下稳定的亚硝酸盐积累.     

SBR法处理高浓度城市污水的试验

针对北方城市高浓度城市污水的特性,采用了SBR处理工艺,通过实验,肯定了SBR工艺对COD、TN、NH+4N及TP等的良好处理效果,并对其中的一些影响因素进行了分析讨论,确定了将高浓度城市污水经处理后分别用于排放或者农业灌溉时的处理工艺流程及不同的设计参数.     

Characteristics of extracellular fluorescent substances of aerobic granular sludge in pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor

The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and some of the granules were stored at 8 ℃ for 150 d. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludge samples were extracted and analyzed during the granulation and storage process. The results show that the contents of protein and EPS increase along with the granulation process, while polysaccharides remain almost unchanged. The content of protein in EPS is almost two-fold larger than that of polysaccharides in granular sludge cultivated with municipal wastewater. Moreover, some of the granules disintegrate during storage, corresponding to the decrease of protein contents in EPS. Three peaks are identified in three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of the EPS in the aerobic granules. Two peaks (A and B) are attributed to the protein-like fluorophores, and the third (peak C) is related to visible fulvic-like substances. Peak A gradually disappears during storage, while a new peak related to ultraviolet fulvic acid (peak D) is formed. The formation and the stability of aerobic granules are closely dependent on the quantity and composition of EPS proteins. Peak C has no obvious changes during granulation, while the fulvic-like substances present an increase in fluorescence intensities during storage, accompanied with an increase in structural complexity. The fulvic-like substances are also associated with the disintegration of the aerobic granules.     

序批式活性污泥法处理城市污水除磷规律研究

在利用序批式活性污泥法（SBR）处理广州地区城市污水的试验过程中，研究了生物除磷效果及影响除磷的各种因素，试验结果表明：（1）磷的出水指标可以达到0.5ml/L以下；（2）磷的厌氧释放是好氧吸收的前提条件；（3）溶解氧浓度影响磷的吸收速率，但不影响磷的去除总量；（4）污泥龄是影响脱氮除磷的关键；（5）硝态氮并没有影响SBR工艺除磷效果。     

Factors affecting biological denitrifying dephosphatation in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor

This study was conducted to verify and discuss the denitrifying dephosphatation under different levels of nitrate concentration and retention time of anoxic/aerobic process in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The results of tests demonstrated that there were two kinds of phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the biological excess phosphorus removal (BEPR) system. One was non-DNPAOs that could only use oxygen as terminal electron acceptors, the other was denitrifying PAOs (DNPAOs) that could use both nitrate and oxygen as terminal electron acceptors. Phosphorus uptake efficiency could be attained under anoxic period ranging from 28.7%-96.7% in an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic system. Experimental results showed that nitrate concentration and retention time of anoxic/aerobic process were the key factors affecting the course of denitrifying dephosphatation.     

Shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule in a sequencing batch airlift reactor at low temperature

To investigate the shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule,an aerobic granular sequencing batch airlift reactor(AG-SBAR) was carried out with mixed carbon sources of sodium acetate and glucose at 10±1 ℃.Results indicated that ammonia oxidizing bacteria was accumulated inside the aerobic granules and the reactor performed stably with shut-cut nitrification for a long term at low temperature.During the stable operation period,the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration was maintained at 13.6 mg/L without nitrate and nitrite when the COD/N ratio was 20:1.However,the effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was below 0.5 mg/L with effluent nitrosation ratio of 96.7% on average when the COD/N ratio was reduced to 15:1 and 10:1.And the effluent phosphorus concentration was less than 0.4 mg/L during the stable period with the sludge retention time of 30 d.The phosphorus removal efficiency was not strongly influenced by the adjustment of COD/N ratio in this experiment.The removal efficiencies for COD,NH4+-N and PO43--P were 91.3%-94.6%,97.9%-99.7% and 97.1%-99.5%,respectively.     

SBR中不同曝气方式下CANON工艺的启动与运行

全程自养脱氮工艺(CANON)是近年来发展起来的一种新型脱氮工艺,在CANON的运行过程中,DO的控制不当很容易引起系统脱氮率下降,甚至崩溃.合理控制反应器内部溶解氧是CANON工艺稳定运行的关键.目前,关于不同曝气方式下CANON启动与运行的研究结果还存在争议,为此,本实验在序批式反应器SBR中分别采用间歇曝气SBR(R1)和连续曝气SBR(R2),研究不同曝气方式下启动CANON及其遭到延时曝气破坏后的恢复.结果表明:R1和R2分别在第21天、27天成功启动CANON.进行延时曝气破坏后,在只改变HRT与增加运行周期的条件下,R1和R2分别经过25 d、33 d成功恢复CANON.最终R1和R2的总氮去除率分别为84.32%、73.62%.在SBR中可以通过同时亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化和交替亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化两种途径提高总氮去除率,R1中两者所占比例分别为24.7%、58.54%(第86天).R1内亚硝化菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌(An AOB)具有较高的活性,硝化细菌(NOB)被抑制或淘洗得较为彻底.间歇曝气在节省运行时间的同时可以稳定实现较高的总氮去除率.     

Impact of salinity on treatment of saline wastewater by sequencing batch biofilm reactor process

High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor （SBBR） process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate （OLR） of 0.96 kg COD/（m3·d）,pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.     

污泥龄对污泥转移SBR工艺除污性能的影响

污泥龄作为维持活性污泥活性和新鲜度的重要指标已显示出比其他参数更重要。试验以校内生活污水为对象,通过污泥转移SBR工艺,研究了污泥龄分别为5、10、20、30d时,系统COD、NH4＋ -N、TN、PO4^3- -P的去除率以及污泥特性的变化。结果表明：污泥龄10d时,系统COD、NH4- -N、TN、PO4^3- -P去除率分别可高达81％、94％、62％、95％,并且系统沉降性能良好,系统整体脱氮除磷效果最优。