Effects of gully terrain on stress field distribution and ground pressure behavior in shallow seam mining

This study proposes a novel approach to study stress field distribution and overlying ground pressure behavior in shallow seam mining in gully terrain.This approach combines numerical simulations and field tests based on the conditions of gully terrain in the Chuancao Gedan Mine.The effects of gully terrain on the in situ stress field of coal beds can be identified by the ratio of self-weight stress to vertical stress(η) at the location corresponding to the maximum vertical stress.Based on the function η =j(h),the effect of gully terrain on the stress field of overlying strata of the entire field can be characterized as a significantly affected area,moderately affected area,or non-affected area.Working face 6106 in the Chuancao Gedan Mine had a coal bed Jepth 80 m and was located in what was identified as a significantly affected area.Hence,mining may cause sliding of the gully slope and increased loading(including significant dynamic loading) on the roof strata.Field tests suggest that significant dynamic pressures were observed at the body and foot of the gully slope,and that dynamic loadings were observed upslope of the working face expansion,provided that the expanding direction of the working face is parallel to the gully.     

Simulation research on the influence of eroded primary key strata on dynamic strata pressure of shallow coal seams in gully terrain

In Huojitu Coal Mine of Shendong mining area,the dynamic strata pressure (DSP) accidents occurred when the working faces passed the gully terrain,Focusing on this problem,we used physical simulation ex...     

“三软”极不稳定煤层综采技术研究

偃龙矿区开采的山西组二．煤层属于“三软”极不稳定煤层,其突出特征为煤层松软、厚度和倾角变化大,顶板及底板松软、破碎,赋存条件复杂,开采极其困难．嵩山煤矿以多项支护技术专利为支撑,采用底板岩巷的“一巷三用”,合理选择高强度轻型放顶煤支掩式液压支架,以及综采防片帮和防冒顶等技术,实施综采机械化开采,实现了“三软”煤层的安全高效开采,取得了显著效果．     

“三软”特厚煤层开采地表沉陷规律研究

洛阳常村煤矿开采煤层为"三软"特厚煤层,井田范围内村庄较多.为了合理回采村庄下煤柱、提高资源采出率,需要掌握该地质条件下的地表移动变形规律及参数.在该矿"三软"特厚煤层工作面建立了地表移动观测站,对地表沉陷进行现场观测,获得了大量的地表沉陷观测资料.通过对实测资料的分析,得出常村煤矿"三软"特厚煤层开采地表沉陷规律及其参数.研究结果表明:与一般地质采矿条件相比,"三软"特厚煤层放顶煤开采具有地表移动角量参数偏小、影响范围大、下沉系数大等特点,地表沉陷呈现塌陷坑及台阶裂缝形态.     

Top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam

It is important to study the mining technology under structures for raising the coal resources recovery ratio. Based on the geological and mining conditions, the top coal caving harmonic mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was put forward and studied. The 5 factors such as the panel mining direction, panel size, panel location, panel mining sequence and panel advance velocity were taken into account in this technique. The dam movement and deformation were predicted after the thick coal seam mining and the effects of mining on the dam were studied. By setting up the surveying stations on the dam, the movement and deformation of the dam were observed during mining. By taking some protective measures on the dam, the top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was carried out successfully. The study demonstrates that harmonic mining in thick coal seam is feasible under the dam. The safety of the earth dam after mining was ensured and the coal resources recovery ratio was improved.     

高瓦斯煤层群保护层开采卸压效果数值模拟

为合理选择保护层,针对高瓦斯突出煤层群安全开采问题,分析了保护层开采的保护作用机理,即保护层开采可对被保护层起到卸压增透作用,改善被保护层的瓦斯抽放效果是解决煤与瓦斯突出问题及瓦斯灾害的重要技术手段;卸压对煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯问题的解决具有决定作用.针对某矿高瓦斯突出煤层群生产地质条件,采用FLAC3D数值软件模拟2个非突出煤层作为保护层开采时的卸压效果,并对其进行了分析比较,研究结果可为保护层的合理选择提供参考依据.     

Characteristics and stability of slope movement response to underground mining of shallow coal seams away from gullies

Underground pressure is abnormal during mining of shallow coal seams under gullies.We studied gully slope movements,subject to underground mining,with physical simulation and theoretical analysis.The r...     

郭二庄9#煤带压开采底板突水灰色风险评价

针对郭二庄井田下组9#煤带压开采中存在的底板突水风险影响因素的不确定性,采用灰色风险计算模型和方法,结合井田已有突水、出水点水位标高、矿井最大涌水量及单位涌水量等相关信息统计,构建灰色风险计算模型,对井田受采动影响后煤层底板发生突水风险的概率和风险性变异进行评价。计算结果表明郭二庄井田下组9#煤带压开采存在底板突水风险性大,煤层开采前应慎重作出避让和分区隔离开采、探治结合等有效的补救措施,减少突发水害事故的发生。     

煤与瓦斯突出矿井煤层群联合开采动态接替研究

针对高瓦斯突出矿井煤层群联合开采的特点,提出了动态编制矿井采掘接替计划的方法.通过对影响矿井采掘工程接替的安全因素和经济因素的分析,建立了影响采掘工程接替的因素指标体系,利用层次分析方法得出了因素的指标权重,采用模糊综合优选法确定备选工作面中的最优接替面,依次类推,直到安排所有的备选工作面.根据采煤工作面生产计划,综合考虑矿井瓦斯治理技术,采用时间反推方法,编制采煤工作面相关的掘进计划.应用研究结果表明,采掘动态接替法可以适时调整采掘接替计划,所得采掘工程接替方案科学合理、切实可行.     

巨厚煤层冲击地压的防治研究

通过对义煤集团千秋煤矿有冲击倾向巨厚煤层冲击现象现状、特点及影响因素分析,结合该矿的生产实践,提出了适合该条件的冲击危险预测方法及相应解危措施,并进一步提出解危措施效果检验方法以及以上工作失败、冲击地压突发情况下的应急措施;在此基础上建立了适合义煤千秋矿巨厚煤层冲击地压防治的安全开采体系,成功地进行了巨厚煤层的综放开采,从而为有冲击倾向巨厚煤层的安全开采提供了成功范例.     

Strata behavior in extra-thick coal seam mining with upward slicing backfilling technology

Based on the character of upward slicing backfilling mining and the condition of Gonggeyingzi coal mine in Inner Mongolia,this paper describes the studies of the strata behavior and the stress distribution in the process of backfilling mining in extra-thick coal seams.This was achieved by setting up and analyzing the elastic foundation beam model using the ABAQUS software.The results show that:(1) With the gradual mining of different slices,the roof appears to bend continuously but does not break.The vertical stress in the roof decreases and the decreasing amplitude reduces,while the tensile stress in the roof grows with the mining slices and the maximum tensile stress will not exceed the allowable tensile stress.(2) The front vertical stress at the working face exceeds the rear vertical stress and both show a trend of decrease with decreasing amplitude of decrease.(3) The slices mined early have more influence on the surrounding rock than the later ones.Similarly,the strata behavior experiences the same trend.The field measured data show that the roof does not break during the mining process,which is consistent with the conclusion.     

浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响

以活鸡兔井为工程背景,通过实测和理论分析就浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响规律进行了深入研究.结果表明:在高速推进情况下(推进速度一般大于10m/d),工作面周期来压持续长度显著增加,而周期来压步距、支架载荷和动载系数的变化相对较小.推进速度差异引起周期来压特征发生变化的实质是围岩变形破坏特征时间效应的体现.工作面高速推进时,直接顶由于推进速度较快垮落不充分,老顶在破断回转过程中需要更大的回转量才能触矸稳定,这是导致来压持续长度明显增加的重要原因.将推进速度对周期来压特征的影响规律运用到了神东矿区双回撤通道综采面末采段的让压开采实践中,指导了活鸡兔井21306综采面的安全回撤.     

胡襄煤田煤层厚度变化特征及其控制因素

根据河南胡襄煤田勘探钻孔资料,对煤层的稳定性和煤厚度变化特征进行研究。研究认为,区内二1煤层可采性指数为0.81,厚度变异系数为39%,属较稳定的全区大部可采的中厚-厚煤层;二2煤层可采性指数为1,厚度变异系数为11%,属稳定的全区可采的中厚-厚煤层;区内煤层厚度呈现东部厚西部薄的分布特征,局部出现无煤带或薄煤带;影响煤厚变化的因素主要为成煤时期地壳的不均匀沉降、成煤后期的古河流冲刷与断裂构造破坏作用。     

Experimental research of overburden movement and subsurface water seeping in shallow seam mining

Shallow seam coal field has the largest coal reserve in China. Mining in shallow depth causes serious problems, and sub- surface dewatering is a major issue. In this paper, the physical simulating models were prepared to study overburden movement and aquiclude stability in the shallow seam mining of Yushuwan Coalfield, China. According to the characteristic of clay aquiclude and bedrock in the overburden, the proper simulation materials for simulating the plastic clay aquiclude layers and brittle bedrock layers were determined by the stress-strain tests and hydrophilic tests. The physical simulating models of solid medium and two phases of solid-liquid medium were carried out to simulate the failure and caving process of the roof and overburden, as well as the subsurface water seeping. Based on the simulation, it was found that the movement of clay aquiclude follows the movement of the underlying bedrock layers. The stability of aquiclude is mainly affected by cracks in fracture zone. The tests also showed that the best way to control the stability of aquiclude is to reduce the subsiding gradient, and there is a possibility of ground water conservation under longwall mining in Yushuwan Mine. This research provides a foundation for further study on mining dewatering and water conserva- tion.     

倾斜煤层区段煤柱变形破坏规律

煤层倾角是影响区段煤柱稳定性的关键因素之一.利用理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟等方法研究了倾斜煤层开挖后倾向覆岩结构演化特征、煤柱变形及失稳破坏形式.研究结果表明,0~45°范围内随着煤层倾角增大,区段煤柱发生剪切失稳破坏的可能性增大;煤柱两侧覆岩结构呈现不对称分布,煤柱上侧砌体梁结构形成层位较低,煤柱下侧形成冒空区,砌体梁结构形成层位高于上侧;与水平煤层煤柱破坏以挤压变形为主不同,倾斜煤柱以沿着弱面剪切滑移破坏为主;不同倾角煤层煤柱围岩变形量呈不对称分布,煤柱下侧围岩变形量大于上侧,煤层倾角越大煤柱围岩变形量不对称分布趋势越明显.     

Feasibility analysis of gob-side entry retaining on a working face in a steep coal seam

Based on the decline in exploitation of coal resources, steep coal seam mining and mining face tensions continue to explore the feasibility analysis of steeply inclined faces in the gob. One of the key factors in utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in steep coal seams is to safely and effectively prevent caving rock blocks from rushing into the gob-side entry by sliding downwards along levels. Using theoretical analysis and field methods, we numerically simulated the mining process on a fully-mechanized face in a steep coal seam. The stress and deformation process of roof strata has been analyzed, and the difficulty of utilizing the technology is considered and combined with practice in a steep working face in Lvshuidong mine. The feasibility of utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in a steep coal seam has been recognised. We propose that roadways along the left lane offshoot body use a specially-made reinforced steel dense net to build a dense rock face at the lower head. The results show that the lane offshoot branch creates effective roof control, safe conditions for roadway construction workers, and practical application of steeply inclined gob.     

Mechanical analysis of effective pressure relief protection range of upper protective seam mining

This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.     

Pore pressure fluctuations of overlying aquifer during residual coal mining and water-soil stress coupling analysis

Three test models and a simulation model were constructed based on the prevailing conditions of the Taiping coalmine in order to analyze pore pressure fluctuations of an overlying aquifer during residual coal mining. As well, the relation between pore pressure and soil stress was evaluated. The model tests show the vibrations of pore pressure and soil stress as a result of mining activities. The simulation model tells of the response characteristics of pore pressure after mining and its distribution in the sand aquifer. The comparative analysis reveals that pore pressure and soil stress vibration are activated by unexpected events occurring in mines, such as collapsing roofs. An increased pore pressure zone always lies above the wall in front or behind the working face of a mine. Both pore pressure and vertical stress result in increasing and decreasing processes during movements of the working face of a mine. The vibration of pore pressure always precedes soil stress in the same area and ends with a sharp decline. Changes in pore pressure of sand aquifer are limited to the area of stress changes. Obvious changes are largely located in a very small frame over the mining face.     

Analysis of stability of support and surrounding rock in mining top coal of inclined coal seam

The study analyzes the characteristics of roof movement in mining top coal of inclined coal seam, and establishes the mechanical model of support and surrounding-rock stability in inclined coal seam. Besides, this study carries out the numerical calculation and field observation of roof movement and support stability, and provides the critical control measures. The results show that the fracture firstly appears in middle-upper roof and extends upwards in top coal caving in inclined coal seam; regular and irregular caving zones appear in middle-upper stress concentration region, and the asymmetric caving arch is finally formed. Support load of middle-upper working face is larger than that of the middle-lower face; dynamic load coefficient of upper support is large, and the load on the front of support is larger than that on the rear of it, which leads to poor support stability. Stability of support and surrounding-rock system depends mainly on upper-support stability.     

Strata behavior investigation for high-intensity mining in the water-rich coal seam

This paper describes a specific case of mining in a water-rich coal seam in western China. Water inrushes, roof caving and other disasters induced by intensive mining operation could pose great threats to the safety of coal mines. The strata behavior during the high-intensity extraction in the water-rich coal seam is analyzed by employing the numerical simulation method and in situ monitoring. The results show that about 10 m ahead of the workface, the front abutment pressure peaks is at 34.13 MPa, while the peak of the side abutment pressure is located about 8 m away from the gateway with the value of 12.41 MPa; the height of the fracture zone, the first weighting step and the cycle weighting step are calculated to be 45, 50 and 20.8 m, respectively; pressure distribution in the workface is characterized by that the vertical pressure in the center occurs earlier and is stronger than those on both ends. Then, the results above are verified by in situ measurement, which may provide a basis for safe mining under similar conditions.