杂萘聚芳酰胺的合成与性能

由自制的1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ—DA)、4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(DAPM)、对苯二胺与对苯二甲酸进行缩聚合,改变不同二胺的配比,制成一系列高相对分子质量的聚芳酰胺,其特性粘数为0．81-2.38dL／g。用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分柝了聚合物的结构,利用差示扫描量热法和热重分析研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明：聚芳酰胺的玻璃化转变温度在220℃以上,氮气气氛中．5％热失重温度在450℃以上;当DHPZ—DA的摩尔分数与DAPM的摩尔分数之和超过70％时,聚合物能溶于非质子极性溶剂中。     

含氟杂萘联苯型聚醚酰亚胺共聚物的合成

2，2′-双(3，4—二羧酸)六氟丙烷二酐和2—(4—氨基苯基)—4—[4—(4—氨基苯氧基)苯基]—2，3—二氮杂萘—1—酮分别与4，4′-二氨基二苯醚、4，4′—二氨基二苯砜在间甲酚中进行“一步法”溶液共聚合，制备了2种共聚聚醚酰亚胺。通过差示扫描量热法、热失重，傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对聚合物进行了表征。聚合物具有优异的耐热性能，玻璃化转变温度高于300℃，热失重温度高于500℃。同时，聚合物在常用非质子有机极性溶剂中具有优良的溶解性能。     

微波辐射合成聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺的研究

在N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,以均苯四甲酸酐和3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四羧酸二酐为二酐单体,4,4’-二氨基二苯醚和4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷为二胺单体,采用微波辐射低温溶液共缩聚,合成了聚酰胺酸(PAA)预聚体,然后亚胺化脱水、环化,生成共缩聚聚酰亚胺(PI)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、特性粘度[η]和热重分析(TG)等对聚合物进行了一系列的结构表征和性能测试。结果表明,微波辐射溶液聚合能够提高PAA的特性粘数及产率,微波的引入大大缩短了反应时间;FT-IR表明,在1 775 cm-1和1 724 cm-1处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰;TG表明,PI的5%热失重温度(Td5%)为477℃,10%热失重温度(Td10%)为553℃。     

新型可降解聚富马酸硅基酯的合成与表征

以富马酸二叔丁基酯和2,2-双(p-二甲基-氯硅氧基苯)丙烷为单体,通过缩聚合成得到聚[富马酸-2,2-双(p-二甲基硅氧烷-苯基)丙烷硅基酯],采用核磁共振氢谱、差示扫描量热法、热失重分析和凝胶渗透色谱表征了聚合物.结果表明,该聚合物的重均分子量为6 912,聚合度为15.6,玻璃化转变温度为16.7℃,具有良好的热...     

耐高温杂环聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

合成了一种4－（4－羟苯基）－2，3－二氮杂萘酮－1（DHPZ）的杂环单体，通过DHPZ与4，4’－二氟二苯甲酮缩聚，得到可溶于有机溶剂的可成膜的耐高温聚芳醚酮（PAEK）聚合物，用IR和^1H NMR表征了聚合的的结构，用动态粘弹谱测得聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为256℃，5％热失重温度为490℃。     

MM-HPPZ/NDA/TPA聚芳酰胺的合成与性能

采用新型的含间甲基取代杂萘联苯结构的二胺2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[2-甲基-4-(4-氨基苯氧基)卜2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮为单体,与2,6-萘二甲酸(NDA)进行溶液缩聚制备了新型聚芳酰胺,以对苯二甲酸(17PA)为第三单体对聚芳酰胺进行了共缩聚改性,并研究了TPA的含量及结构对聚芳酰胺性能的影响。n(NDA)/n（TPA)为4：6时,共聚物特性黏数最大为1．70dL/g。合成的聚芳酰胺具有良好的溶解性,可溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等非质子极性溶剂中,玻璃化转变温度大于320℃,5％热失重温度大于435℃。     

含苯基膦酸双噻唑席夫碱型聚酯的合成与表征

以2,3-丁二酮为原料,通过卤化等反应制备2,2'-二氨基-4,4'-双噻唑(DABT),然后采用低温界面缩聚反应,将制备得到的含双噻唑席夫碱二酚与苯基磷酰二氯进行缩聚反应,生产含有双噻唑结构的新型聚酯,特性黏数为0.98 dL/g.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、氢谱核磁(1H-NMR)对单体和聚合物进行了表征,证明其结构正确;采用TGA和WAXD等方法对聚合物的热性能及结晶性进行表征,结果表明:该聚合物具有无定形结构、良好的热稳定性及溶解性能.在氮气环境下,5％热失重的起始温度均在290℃以上,800℃时的残重为55％.     

耐高温双酚A与4,4''-二氟二苯甲酮缩聚物的合成研究

研究了双酚A（BP-A）与4，4′-二氟二苯甲酮（BFK）缩聚物的合成。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）表征，以及差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热失重分析法（TGA）测定表明，所得P（BP-A/BFK）聚合物的玻璃化温度（Tg）为152℃，5%热失重温度为490℃，可溶于大多数常规有机溶剂，适用于耐高温涂料，特别是特种涂料。     

主链含磷可溶性聚芳酯的合成、表征及性能

以苯磺酰氯/吡啶/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物为缩合剂,采用双酚A与双(4-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦(BCPPO)通过高温溶液缩聚,制备了一种新型的双酚A型聚芳酯PAR-P,并与双酚A和对苯二甲酸反应制备的传统双酚A型聚芳酯PAR-T作为对照,系统研究了含磷聚芳酯的结构与性能。PAR-P和PAR-T的特性黏数分别为0.86和0.34 dL g 1;广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、动态力学分析(DMA)和热失重分析(TGA)测试结果表明:PAR-P为非晶聚合物,PAR-T为结晶聚合物;PAR-P比PAR-T具有更好的热稳定性;溶解性测试结果表明:PAR-P在常温或加热的条件下可以溶于常见的有机溶剂,但PAR-T溶解性较差。阻燃性测试结果表明:PAR-P具有良好的阻燃性能。     

可溶性无色透明FFDA-PMDA-ODA共聚聚酰亚胺的合成与性能

用9,9-双(3-氟-4-氨基苯基)芴(FFDA)与4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)作为二胺,以1,2,4,5-均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐,以DMF为溶剂,通过化学酰亚胺化法制备PI(FFDA-PMDA-ODA)。由于引入氟基团、柔性醚键和芳香刚性非平面共轭结构,PI具有较好的溶解性,优异的光学透明性和良好的热稳定性。其可见光区透过率超过80%,紫外截止波长低至368 nm;玻璃化转变温度高达370℃,5%的热失重温度为558℃,10%的热失重温度高达585℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。