2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚在甲苯中溶解度的测定及关联

建立了测定固体在液体中溶解度的实验装置.采用合成法测定了常压下2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚在甲苯中的溶解度,并用经验方程、简化的溶解度方程、Apelblat方程对实验数据进行关联,结果表明上述方程均能较好的关联溶解度数据,所得结果对2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚结晶工艺的研究具有较大的指导意义.     

对叔丁基苯酚现状与发展

一、概述对叔丁基苯酚生产历史将近40年之久,在精细化工中占据一定重要地位。其用途从一般日用品(如洗涤剂、肥皂、香皂)、油溶性酚醛树脂,直至国防尖端科学领域,范围极其广阔。国外对叔丁基苯酚主要用途是:油溶性酚醛树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂封端剂、橡胶硫化剂、油墨添加剂、阻燃剂等。此外,还用于紫外线吸收剂、表面活性剂、农药等方面。对叔丁基苯酚的加氢产物丁基环已醇用     

邻氨基对叔丁基苯酚的合成

对合成邻氨基对叔丁基苯酚的各种路线研究,以及对各种路线所得邻氨基对叔丁基苯酚进行分析应用,确定了以对叔丁基苯酚为原料,用稀硝酸硝化,再进行加氢还原的工艺路线。并在结晶的过程中添加保护剂,得到高收率、高含量并且稳定的白色结晶物。     

对叔丁基苯酚催化加氢制备顺式对叔丁基环己醇

采用雷尼镍、Pd/C、Pt/C等为催化剂 ,由对叔丁基酚液相催化加氢合成顺式对叔丁基环己醇。在反应温度 110～ 130℃ ,反应压力 5MPa条件下 ,对叔丁基酚转化率 10 0 % ,对叔丁基环己醇收率 >98% ,顺式对叔丁基环己醇选择性 >75 %     

对甲苯酚稀土的制备及其溶解度的测定

本文以对甲基苯酚和ＲＥＣｌ３为原料合成了对甲基苯酚稀土。重量法分析证明，本实验样品的结构式可写为。该化合物在水中的溶解度很低，３０℃和５０℃时分别为３８３．７和３９７．８ｐｐｍ。     

莫能菌素钠在甲醇和乙醇溶液中溶解度的测定与关联

采用固液平衡法测定了莫能菌素钠在60%~100%的甲醇溶液和乙醇溶液中在0℃~70℃温度范围内的溶解度。结果表明:不论是在甲醇水溶液还是在乙醇水溶液中,莫能菌素钠的溶解度都随着醇浓度的提高和温度的上升而急剧增加。在相同的温度下,在60%~80%的醇浓度范围内,乙醇体系中的溶解度明显高于甲醇体系的溶解度。对溶解度数据进行了多项式经验方程拟合,决定系数在0.925以上,拟合效果比Apelblat方程好。     

Luminol-H2O2化学发光体系测定水中对叔丁基苯酚

采用流动注射技术研究了在碱性条件下,Luminol-H2O2与对叔丁基苯酚的化学发光行为,对影响化学发光强度的诸因素进行了优化,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定对叔丁基酚的新方法.方法的检出限为4×10-8g/L,线性范围为2.0×10-6～1×10-4g/L,对10-5g/L对叔丁基进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.45%.该法用于测定废水中对叔丁基苯酚的含量,结果令人满意.     

CO等气体在苯酚中的溶解度的测定及关联

建立了一套用于测定高中压下气体在黏度大、易结晶高黏度溶剂中溶解度的汽液平衡测定装置,该装置采用整体温浴、流动的方法很好地解决了溶剂苯酚易结晶而带来操作困难的问题,利用该套高中压汽液平衡测定装置,在不同温度和压力下,测定了CO₂、CO、N₂、O₂气体在纯苯酚中的溶解度数据.采用RK方程的维里展开式和正规溶液理论推算得到的气体溶解度与温度和压力的函数关系式,并对相同温度和压力下CO等气体在纯苯酚中的溶解度进行了三参数关联,得出了溶解度的计算模型.最后,用这一模型关联计算CO₂、N₂、O₂和CO在纯苯酚中的溶解度,结果表明,计算值和实验值误差较小,因此,该计算模型可以用于对相同温度下加压气体在纯苯酚中溶解度的关联和内插计算.     

苯酚在亚临界及超临界CO_2中溶解度的测定

利用流动法高压相平衡装置,测定了苯酚(固态)在亚临界和超临界CO_2中的溶解度.实验是在303-312K,8.5—50MPa的范围内进行.将实验数据与SRK和PR状态方程进行关联,得到了较好的结果.     

辣椒碱在不同溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

应用平衡法,以辣椒碱晶体(含辣椒碱50.4%,二氢辣椒碱37.1%,降二氢辣椒碱7.9%)为原料,在262~333 K温度下测定了辣椒碱在甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇等9种溶剂中的溶解度曲线,分别采用理想溶液模型、Apelblat模型和多项式经验方程对实验数据进行关联. 结果表明,9种溶剂中,辣椒碱的溶解度均随温度升高而增大,辣椒碱在正丁醇中的溶解度最大,在水中的溶解度最小. 计算表明,乙醚适合作为辣椒碱的冷却结晶溶剂,产率为51.23%. 模型关联结果为理想溶液模型的误差较大,多项式经验方程的误差最小.     

Measurement and correlation for solubility of diosgenin in some mixed solvents简

The solubility data of diosgenin in mixed systems of ethanol ＋ 1-propanol （1 ： 1）, ethanol ＋ 1-butanol （1 ： 1）, ethanol ＋ isobutyl alcohol （1 ： 1）, methanol ＋ isobutyl alcohol （1 ： 1）, methanol ＋ isobutyl alcohol （1 ： 4）, ethanol ＋ 1-pentanol （1 ： 1） and carbon tetrachloride were measured over the temperature range from 289.15 K to 334.15 K by a laser monitoring observation technique at atmospheric pressure, with all mixtures mixed by volume ratio. The Apelblat equation, the ideal solution model, and the 2h equation are used to correlate the solubility data. The results show that the three models agree well with the experimental data, providing essential support for industrial design and further theoretical study.     

甘氨酸在丙酮-水混合溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

采用平衡法测定了278.15~313.15 K甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度;采用Apelbla t经验方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程分别对甘氨酸在纯水和丙酮-水体系中的溶解度数据进行了关联,并对(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程进行了温度影响分析。结果表明,甘氨酸在纯水中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增大;甘氨酸在丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度随着丙酮与水的质量比的增加而变小;当丙酮与水的质量比达到实验中最大值即4时,甘氨酸的溶解度接近于0;在相同丙酮与水的质量比下,甘氨酸的溶解度随着温度升高而有所增大。甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度模型关联的标准方差均能达到1×10-4,精度满足工程需要。实验数据及相应模型为甘氨酸结晶过程分析和设计提供了重要依据。     

Measurement and Correlation of Solubility for Propylene in 2-Butanol+Water Solutions

In order to obtain solubility data of propylene in 2-butanol+water solutions, gas-liquid equilibrium (GLE) experiment was carried out at 303.15-333.15 K, 0.3-1.2MPa with static equilibrium still. Original mass ratios of 2-butanol to water are 1 : 0, 9 : 1, 8 : 2 and 7 : 3, respectively. The equilibrium data are correlated with an empirical correlation. The average relative deviation (ARD) between experimental and calculated values is 2.15%, and the maximum relative deviation (MRD) is less than 5%.     

丙烯在仲丁醇-水溶液中溶解度的测定与关联

In order to obtain solubility data of propylene in 2-butanol water solutions, gas-liquid equilibrium(GLE) experiment was carried out at 303.15--333.15 K, 0.3-1.2 MPa with static equilibrium still. Original mass ratios of 2-butanol to water are 1:0，9:1,8:2 and 7:3, respectively. The equilibrium data are correlated with an empirical correlation. The average relative deviation (ARD) between experimental and calculated values is 2.15%,and the maximum relative deviation (MRD) is less than 5%.     

Measurement and Correlation of Solid Drugs Solubility in Supercritical Systems

A dynamic experimental set-up was utilized to measure ibuprofen solubility in supercritical CO2 at the pressure range of 8-13 MPa and the temperatures of 308, 313 and 318 K. Mole fraction values varied from 0.015＆#215;10^-3 to 3.261＆#215;10^-3 and correlated by using seven different semi empirical equations of state （Bartle, Modi-fied Bartle, Mendez-Teja, Modified Mendez-Teja, Kumar-Johnson, Sung-shim and Gordillo） as well as seven cubic equations of state （van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson, Stryjek-Vera, Patel-Teja-Valderana and Pazuki）. Single and twin-parametric van der Walls mixing rules （vdW1, vdW2） were ap-plied in order to estimate the supercritical solution properties. The physicochemical properties were also obtained using Joback, Lydersen and Ambrose methods. Absolute average relatives deviation （AARD） were calculated and compared for all the correlating systems. Results showed that among the cubic equations of state （EOSs） the Pazuki equation （AARD=19.85% using vdW1 and AARD=8.79% using vdW2） and SRK equation （AARD=19.20%using vdW1 and AARD=10.03%using vdW2） predicted the ibuprofen solubility in supercritical CO2 with the least error in comparison to the others. Among the semi-empirical EOSs the most desirable deviation （AARD〈10%） was obtained by using Modified Bartle and Modified Mendez-Teja equations in all the studied temperatures.     

LiBr在丙酮与水的混合溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联

使用静态法常压下分别测定了LiBr在不同质量百分比的丙酮与水的混合溶剂(水的质量分数为10％ ～40％)中293.15 ～323.15 K范围内的溶解度,并利用LIFAC模型及其参数推算了活度系数及溶解度,计算值与试验值的总平均绝对偏差和总平均相对偏差百分比分别是0.054 0和0.731 3％.结果表明,LIFAC模型可以用来预测LiBr在丙酮与水的混合溶剂中的溶解度.     

对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐在水-丙酮中溶解度的测定与关联

利用灵敏的激光监视装置,采用恒温溶解法测定了对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐在水-丙酮二元混合溶剂中的溶解度.实验温度范围约为303～323 K,水-丙酮混合溶剂中水的变化范围为0%～100%.在纯丙酮和低含水量的混合溶剂中,对羟基苯甘氨酸硫酸盐溶解度很低.混合溶剂含水9.09%以下时,溶解度随水含量增加略有降低.随着溶剂中水量的进一步增加,溶解度随之增大.在研究的温度范围内,溶质在纯水中的溶解度约为纯丙酮中的50～70倍.同一溶剂中,溶解度随温度升高而增大.用从Clausius-Clapeyron方程推导的理论模型关联溶解度与温度的关系,计算的溶解度和实验值符合良好,平均相对误差1.73%.实验结果可应用于对羟基苯甘氨酸的提纯和优先结晶法拆分工艺.     

Determination and Correlation of Solubility for D-Xylose in Volatile Fatty Acid Solvents

The solubility of D-xylose in formic acid and binary solvents of formic acid with formic acid and acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid or isobutyric acid was measured in the temperature range from 300.35 to 325.05 K using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring technique at atmospheric pressure. The solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical study. The experimental data show that the solubility of D-xylose in formic acid and in the mixtures of formic acid＋acetic acid （1︰1）, formic acid＋propionic acid （1︰1）, formic acid＋n-butyric acid （1︰1）, and formic acid＋isobutyric acid （1︰1） increases with temperature. The Apelblat equation, theλh model, and the ideal solution equation correlate the solubility data well.     

芳香族羧酸溶解度的测定与关联

Solubility of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in water, acetic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and N-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were measured by dynamic method. The solubilities were calculated by UNIFAC group contribution method, in which new groups, BCCOOH and NCCOOH, were introduced to express the activity coefficients of aromatic acids and new interaction parameters of the new groups were expressed as the function of temperature, which were determined from the experimental data. The new interaction parameters provided good calculated result. The experimental data were also correlated with Wilson and A-h models, and results were compared with present UNIFAC model.