时域CFD/CSD耦合方法能量精度分析及应用

研究两类时域计算流体力学/计算结构力学（CFD/CSD）耦合方法：串行分区方法和并行分区方法。从耦合界面能量守恒的角度分析不同耦合方法对能量守恒误差的影响。在非同位方法和并行分区方法的基础上提出非同位并行分区方法。使用不同的耦合方法,对二维气动弹性算例Isogai Wing进行计算,结果表明减小耦合界面上的能量守恒误差可以有效的提高计算精度,效率高于紧耦合方法;非同位分区方法的能量守恒误差小于同位分区方法,并且可以使控制方程满足界面连续条件;非同位并行分区方法继承非同位分区方法和并行分区方法的全部优点,采用该方法计算颤振边界,和文献结果吻合。     

工程管理方法论

本文按三个层次构建工程管理方法论的框架体系:工程管理哲学方法论、工程管理一般方法论和工程管理具体方法论。将实事求是方法、矛盾分析方法、知行统一方法、真理尺度和价值尺度统一方法和辩证思维方法作为工程管理哲学方法论的主要方法。工程管理一般方法论以系统科学方法、信息科学方法和数学方法为代表。案例研究方法等九种方法则是工程管理具体方法论的主要方法。这种框架不是绝对的,如系统工程方法和项目管理方法都向三个层次延伸。     

高阶能量一致积分方法及其在结构动力分析中的应用EI北大核心CSCD

能量一致积分方法是一种二阶精度、无条件稳定的逐步积分方法。为提高计算精度,将辛Runge-Kutta方法进行改进,构造出高阶能量一致积分方法一般形式。这种方法既保持了四阶精度,又具有能量一致属性。通过非线性弹性算例验证了方法的精度和数值稳定属性。将方法应用到桁架单元,推导了具体计算格式,并完成对应的非线性计算程序。程序集成了二阶与四阶能量一致积分方法、平均加速度方法(average acceleration method,AAM)以及由AAM构造的四阶方法。通过弹性摆与平面桁架结构非线性动力分析,对比4种逐步积分方法。分析结果表明,四阶能量一致积分方法在精度、稳定性与计算效率上优于其他3种方法。     

飞机典型薄壁复合材料夹层结构整体屈曲

为了研究飞机机身无筋无框复合材料典型薄壁夹层结构在型号上应用的可行性,本文采用解析方法、有限元方法和试验方法对蜂窝夹层复合材料结构的面内压缩和剪切整体屈曲开展系统研究。基于经典层合板理论和工程解析方法推导蜂窝夹层复合材料的压缩和剪切屈曲载荷随试验件尺寸的变化规律。依据某型飞机机身典型结构分别设计压缩和剪切试验件尺寸大小、边界条件和加载方式。利用有限元商用软件ABAQUS对试验设计建立虚拟试验分析,对比验证解析方法和有限元方法的一致性。最后通过真实试验方法确定解析方法和有限元方法的有效性,并验证典型薄壁夹层结构的承载能力和破坏模式。结果显示,压缩试验结果失效模式与理论预测一致,故3种方法得到的结构整体失稳载荷相近,验证了理论方法的有效性;剪切试验结果发生局部破坏,故试验结果偏低,但有限元方法与解析方法所得结果一致,解析方法相对保守。     

金属基复合材料多尺度计算方法研究进展

多尺度计算方法是系统深入研究金属基复合材料宏微观力学性能联系的重要计算方法。重点分析并总结了常用的两种金属基复合材料多尺度计算方法,即解析计算方法和有限元计算方法,论述了两种方法各自的优缺点。并详细说明各种多尺度计算方法的适用范围和优缺点,指出金属基复合材料多尺度计算方法的发展趋势。     

纤维铺放轨迹规划的两种方法及其比较研究

为了实现纤维铺放轨迹规划,本文提出了两种方法,即网格化方法和CAD软件的二次开发方法。针对网格化方法,提出了自由曲面的网格化方法和四边形网格铺放轨迹生成算法。针对CAD软件的二次开发方法,基于UG软件,提出了可变计算步长的初始轨迹计算方法、轨迹优化算法和丝束数量计算方法。以某型号的S形飞机进气道为参考模型,利用两种方法分别进行了轨迹规划。最后,对两种开发方法进行了比较研究,发现第二种方法相对于第一种方法具有功能强、开发周期短、与CAD软件的集成度高等优点,得出了其更适合铺放软件开发的结论。     

基于嵌入协作的多方法协作优化方法

提出一种基于嵌入协作的多方法协作优化方法。算法采用嵌入方式组织各个优化方法之间的协作,利用优化方法之间的协作效应提高优化性能。进行遗传算法、模式搜索法和Powell法嵌入协作组成的多方法协作优化方法设计。计算实例表明,基于嵌入协作的多方法协作优化方法取得了优于单个优化方法的全局最优特性。     

大型民用飞机噪声适航合格审定试飞方法研究

对大型民用飞机噪声适航合格审定试飞的基准程序和等效方法进行探讨和分析。提出一种等效方法并从测量点布置、试验方法、试验程序、数据修正方法和NPD数据库建立等方面进行介绍,比较等效方法和基准程序,分析等效方法的优缺点。     

二维非均质材料应力场的数值化计算方法

等效夹杂方法是求解含杂质材料弹性应力场的一种有效方法,但是其解析求解只适用于椭球/椭圆类杂质问题。本文提出一种基于等效夹杂方法的数值化计算方法,介绍了其基本理论,并引入共轭梯度法求解该方法的一致性条件线性方程组。该方法通过计算区域的数值离散,能够实现对二维任意形状杂质弹性场的求解。将该方法得到的结果与解析解进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。讨论了数值化等效夹杂方法在效率以及收敛性上的表现。通过对比证明,利用共轭梯度法实现该方法,能在保持精度的同时,相较于高斯消元法具有较大的效率优势。最后通过半椭圆杂质和氧化锆/氧化铝共挤复合材料算例验证了该方法处理任意形状杂质的能力。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备絮凝剂的研究方法

对淀粉接枝丙炮酰胺的制备方法,分离提纯方法,接枝产物的表征方法及絮凝实验方法进行了综述。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.