聚乙烯银灰色地膜的研制

重点叙述了采用浆料法制备银灰色地膜的方法。实验改进了物料配方,筛选了铝粉颜料,选择分散剂、助剂及拌合料等工艺参数.由于铝粉的加入而使该膜具有银色反光作用.利于农作物的避蚜防病,对促进植物生长及增产有显著效果。     

“驱蚜·除草”农用地膜的研制与应用

本文对“驱蚜·除草”农用地膜的制备工艺和配方进行了研究和应用实验。结果证明，制得的“驱蚜·除草”农用地膜具有良好的物理机械性能，遮光性和光反射性。与普通地膜相比，使用该地膜种植玉米、草莓、甜椒等作物，具有增产、增值、驱避有翅蚜虫蓟马，抑制杂草生长和调节地温的效果。     

信息窗

绿色农药EB82灭蚜菌投产国内首创的生物杀蚜制剂EB－82灭蚜菌在河南商丘生化厂正式投入生产。产品经12个省市在小麦、棉花、蔬菜、桃、桔、花生等ZI种作物多点试用，杀蚜率达95％。该制剂由中国农业科学院生物防治研究所提供技术，对蚜虫、红蜘蛛有很强的触杀作用，并可浸染蚜虫，引起蚜虫疫病流行，可有效防治麦、棉、果、蔬、豆、烟、茶、花等作物上的蚜虫、红蜘蛛，24h杀虫率达姆％以上，且具有适应性强、击倒快、效率高、价格低廉、对人畜安全无公害、不伤害天敌、保护环境等特点，是促进农业发展、生产无公害绿色食品的理想农药。S…     

生物降解地膜制备及其应用研究进展

地膜可有效增加土壤温度、提高水分利用率，但聚乙烯（PE）不可降解地膜容易造成“白色污染”，危害土壤生态环境。为解决残膜污染问题，在农业领域推广使用生物可降解地膜，对可降解地膜的应用研究也逐渐增多。文章综述了可生物降解聚合物材料在地膜中的研究进展，主要从生物降解地膜制备和功能化应用两部分进行介绍。重点讨论不同成膜工艺对薄膜的力学性能、阻隔性能、降解性能的影响，对作物生长影响进行了讨论，并对未来可降解地膜发展进行了展望。     

转光驱虫聚乙烯农用薄膜的研究

以荧光材料为转光剂、氟虫隆与乙虫脒为驱虫剂、滑石粉为保温剂,制成转光驱虫聚乙烯农用薄膜,考察了转光剂对荧光发射光谱、驱虫剂对驱虫率、滑石粉对红外透过率的影响,并进行了农田应用研究。结果表明,与普通聚乙烯农用薄膜相比,采用转光驱虫聚乙烯农用薄膜增强了棚内红光或蓝光强度,棚内温度提高了0．8～2．6℃,驱虫率为90．5％～97．8％,驱虫时效长达3个月,作物产量提高了14．5％～25．8％,同时,作物的营养品质也得到了相应的提高。     

光敏剂对聚乙烯地膜力学性能的影响

系统研究了环境条件下各种光敏剂对聚乙烯地膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,硬脂酸铁在环境降解过程中起着主要的光增敏作用,添加浓度为0.2%和0.4%时,聚乙烯地膜降解最快,环境降解25 d 后其断裂伸长率保留率降到10%以下,30 d 后变为碎片;二茂铁的光敏化作用弱于硬脂酸铁;N,N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍单独使用起着防老化的作用,与硬脂酸铁配合使用,可以延长聚乙烯地膜的诱导期,但后期又加速了地膜的降解。N,N-二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍与二茂铁配合使用的降解周期要比与硬脂酸铁配合使用的降解周期长。     

聚乙烯多功能配色地膜的研究

研究了聚乙烯多功能配色地膜(黑色及黑白相间地膜)的挤出吹塑技术和在农业种植中的应用.与普通聚乙烯地膜进行了对比试验分析.该膜除了具有普通地膜保温保墒的基本性能外,还具有调节地温、防除杂草等特殊功能,对作物有明显的促进生长作用,比普通聚乙烯地膜可增产11%～26%.黑色膜部位除草率93%,综合经济效益每亩可增加300～800元,并能避免因使用除草剂除草产生的环境污染.     

天然源农药0.1%斑蝥素水溶剂的应用技术

报道了天然源农药0．1％斑螫素水溶剂的应用技术可行性研究。结果表明，0．1％斑蝥素水溶剂200-250g a.i.／hm^2，可有效的控制菜蚜、菜青虫、桃蚜、梨二叉蚜等害虫的为害，对小菜蛾具有一定作用，对作物无毒害影响。     

含羧酸铈光敏剂的LDPE地膜应用研究

研究了羧酸铈光敏剂及其配合体系的组成、各组分的协同关系和作用,讨论了其配合体系对聚乙烯地膜断裂伸长率、羰基指数和分子量的影响,并进行了农田覆盖地膜应用试验。结果表明,含羧酸铈光敏剂配合体系的聚乙烯地膜具有良好的使用性能和光降解可控性能。     

一种双色地膜投放市场

中日合资江苏米可多农膜有限公司引进日本米时多化工株式会社专有技术生产的白黑、银黑两种双色复合地膜已投放市场。使用时,黑色面向下,白或银色面向上。在盛夏期间使用与常用地膜相比较,可降低地温４～６℃左右,兼有保温、护根、控制草害等作用。银黑地膜因反光性强,还有驱避蚜虫,减少病毒传播,降低作物发病率的效果,成为传统地膜的更新换代产品。一种双色地膜投放市场     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。