8种茎叶处理除草剂对棉田杂草的防除效果

[目的]为了筛选防除黄河流域棉区棉田杂草的理想药剂,采用茎叶喷雾法对8种棉田常用茎叶处理除草剂进行了田间药效试验。[结果]10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC和6.9%精唑禾草灵EW对棉田常见禾本科杂草的防效明显,田间分别按照81、180、90、82.8 g a.i./hm2使用后,药后30 d的株防效可达80%以上,鲜质量防效高达98%以上;而75%嘧硫草醚WG、20%百草枯AS、41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS、75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WP能显著地抑制阔叶杂草的生长。[结论]若棉田以禾本科杂草为主,可以选用10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC和6.9%精唑禾草灵EW,于杂草2~3叶期进行茎叶喷雾;若田间阔叶杂草发生较重,可用20%百草枯AS或41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS进行行间定向喷雾处理。     

几种除草剂混配对麦田杂草的防除效果及安全性

几种除草剂对麦田杂草的田间药效试验结果表明:供试药剂对小麦安全,对小麦生长发育、后期产量无不良影响.药后30 d,各处理对各种杂草的株防效都略有降低,药后45 d,20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC与6.9%精唑禾草灵EW复配对野燕麦、阔叶杂草及综合株防效最好,75%苯磺隆WG与6.9%精唑禾草灵EW复配的鲜重防效最好.根据试验结果推荐使用75%苯磺隆WG 75 g/hm2+6.9%精唑禾草灵EW 750 mL/hm2(制剂朋量).     

适于大蒜田苗期施用的除草剂筛选与评价

[目的]明确大蒜田苗期除草剂茎叶处理对植株安全性及杂草的防除效果,筛选出适宜除草剂种类及最佳施用剂量。[方法]在大蒜出苗期,杂草4~5叶期采用茎叶施药进行田间药效试验。[结果]10%精喹禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC、30%辛酰溴苯腈EC、48%灭草松AS 6种除草剂对青蒜苗安全,对田间优势杂草马唐和打碗花株防效均超过80%,鲜重防效达70%以上。大蒜田苗期茎叶处理除草剂防除杂草可选用10%精喹禾灵EC为525 m L/hm2、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC为750 m L/hm2、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC为450 m L/hm2、12.5%烯禾啶EC为1350 m L/hm2、30%辛酰溴苯腈EC为1200 m L/hm2、48%灭草松AS为1500 m L/hm2。[结论]在大蒜苗期针对以禾本科杂草为主的地块可选用10%精喹禾灵EC、15%精吡氟禾草灵EC、10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC,以阔叶杂草为主的地块可选用30%辛酰溴苯腈EC、48%灭草松AS。     

不同除草剂对紫花苜蓿生长和杂草防除的影响

选用6种除草剂在紫花苜蓿田进行杂草防除和安全性试验。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸可用于苗后,剂量以1800mL/hm^2为宜;精喹禾灵、精氟吡禾灵相对安全,适宜剂量分别为225、450mL/hm^2;2,4-滴丁酯在苗前、精唑禾草灵在苗前或苗后使用对苜蓿均有危害;乙氧氟草醚对稗草防除效果很好,但对苜蓿出苗和生长危害严重,所以乙氧氟草醚适合用于苜蓿播种前施用,适宜剂量450mL/hm^2,待其失去药效,再进行苜蓿种植。     

6种除草剂对油菜田小子虉草的防效和作物安全性试验初报

为有效防除油菜田小子虉草的危害,参照农药田间药效试验准则,在室内筛选的基础上开展了6种除草剂的田间药效试验和作物安全性评价,结果表明,5%唑啉草酯乳油、108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、12.5%烯禾啶乳油、10%精喹禾灵乳油、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂、150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵乳油等6种药剂对油菜田小子虉草表现出较好的防效,且对油菜非常安全,其中优先选5%唑啉草酯乳油于小子虉草6叶期前进行喷雾施用,施药30 d后,对小子虉草的鲜重防效可达98.61%,防治效果最好。     

当归田化学除草剂筛选试验

探讨了既对当归生长无明显影响又能有效防除当归田杂草的化学除草剂。2006年对120g/L草酮EC等10种除草剂进行了药剂筛选试验。结果表明,苗前除草剂120g/L草酮EC和苗后除草剂15%精吡氟禾草灵EC与25%氟磺胺草醚AS的复配剂对当归田杂草的防除效果最好,株防效分别达90.8%和92.3%。     

高特克与防除禾本科杂草除草剂桶混对药效的影响

高特克是用于油菜田的选择性苗后除草剂，对猪殃殃等阔叶杂草有较好的防除效果，但对禾本科杂草防效差，为了探求高特克与防除禾本科杂草除草剂桶混的可能性，安排了本试验。１　材料与方法１．１　试验药剂５０％高特克（草除灵）悬浮剂，６－９％威霸（嚙唑禾草灵）浓乳剂，８－０５％威霸乳油均为德国艾格福公司产品；１０－８％高效盖草能（吡氟乙禾灵）乳油，美国陶氏益农公司产；１５％精稳杀得（吡氟禾草灵）乳油，日本石原产业株式会社产；５％精禾草克（喹禾灵）乳油，日本日产化学工业株式会社产；２５％胺苯磺隆可湿性粉剂，沈阳…     

5％咪唑乙烟酸AS防除甘草田杂草药效试验

2007年在内蒙进行了5%咪唑乙烟酸AS防除甘草田杂草的田间小区试验. 结果表明:5%咪唑乙烟酸AS在75～90 g/hm2可有效防除甘草田发生的稗草、马唐、藜、蒺藜、反枝苋等主要杂草,药后15 d,株防效达到80%以上;药后30 d,株防效达到90%以上,鲜重防效达到85%以上;对甘草安全,无明显药害产生.     

6种除草剂防除烟地杂草效果评价

为了探索既对烟株生长无明显影响又能有效防除烟地杂草的新型除草剂,2004年我们对25%砜嘧磺隆DF等6种除草剂进行了药剂筛选试验,结果表明,芽前除草剂40%异松·仲灵EC和芽后除草剂25%砜嘧磺隆DF对烟地杂草的防除效果最好,6种除草剂对杂草防效的排序为:25%砜嘧磺隆DF>40%异松·仲灵EC>72%异丙甲草胺EC>50%敌草胺WP>6.9%精唑禾草灵EW>10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC。     

10%苄嘧磺隆·精(噁)唑禾草灵悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

建立了反相高效液相色谱法定量分析混配除草剂制剂中苄嘧磺隆和精噁唑禾草灵的方法。采用Kromasil C18柱(25cm×4.6mm×5μm),流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长为254nm,线性相关系数为0.9992与0.9996。苄嘧磺隆和精噁唑禾草灵的加标回收率分别为95.8%和95.4%;变异系数分别为0.015和0.016。     

咪草烟防除苜蓿田杂草技术初探

咪草因防除苜蓿田杂草，经试验咪草烟用作苜蓿播后苗前土壤处理，对苜蓿药害严重。苗后早期处理使用剂量在1500、1800、2100ml／hm^23个剂量，对苜蓿田反枝苋、稗草、马唐、马齿苋等单双子叶杂草的总防效分别为76％、81％、84％，且在规定剂量内对苜蓿安全。另外，咪草烟对苜蓿田其它主要杂草一播娘蒿也有较好的防效。     

The effect of alfalfa-corn diets on cholesterol metabolism and gallstones in prairie dogs

Cholesterol gallstones were present in prairie dogs fed alfalfa plus corn with and without exogenous cholesterol (0.4%). The diets fed to the animals for eight weeks contained alfalfa plus corn in fixed proportions of 50∶50, 85∶15 and 15∶85 (w/w). At sacrifice, all animals were healthy but had not gained weight; no deaths occurred during the experiment. Cholesterol gallstones were present in all groups. In the absence of exogenous cholesterol, the highest stone incidence was found in the animals which received the lowest fiber (highest corn) diets (alfalfa plus corn, 50∶50, 67%; alfalfa plus corn, 15∶85, 83%). Cholesterol gallstone incidence was 100% when exogenous cholesterol was added to the alfalfa plus corn diets (50∶50 and 15∶85). No pigment gallstones were detected in any animal. Liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations were highest in the animals receiving alfalfa plus corn (15∶85) plus 0.4% cholesterol (4.29 mg/g, and 356 mg/dl, respectively). These values were lowest in animals receiving 85% alfalfa plus 15% corn without cholesterol (2.19 mg/g and 88 mg/dl, respectively). Lithogenic indices were below 1.00 in all groups. Biliary bile acids were mainly amidates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, with the former predominating. Thus, gallstones can be formed in prairie dogs in the absence of exogenous cholesterol; gallstone incidence is reduced by dietary fiber.     

5%咪草烟在花生田的应用

5％咪草烟在40、60、80、120、160ml／667m^2剂量下对单双子叶杂草防效均比较好，对马唐、稗草、狗尾草等禾本科杂草的总防效在80％～95％，对阔叶杂草的防效在85％-96％，5％咪草烟除草效果和混剂(咪草烟40 灭草敌100ml／667m^2，咪草烟40 烯草酮25ml／667m^2)基本一致。5％咪草烟对花生比较安全，安全剂量在80ml／667m^2以下。     

氟酮磺隆对小麦田禾本科杂草的活性

氟酮磺隆作为土壤处理剂，能有效的抑制看麦娘、野燕麦、雀麦，对节节麦也有一定抑制作用；作为茎叶处理剂，对麦田禾本科杂草的活性随着叶龄增加而降低，在看麦娘、野燕麦和雀麦3叶期以前和节节麦1．5叶期以前使用的除草效果好。对照药剂精噁唑禾草灵无土壤处理活性，苗后茎叶处理对雀麦和节节麦也无明显活性。     

咪草烟土壤残留对后茬水稻的影响

进行了大豆田除草剂咪草烟土壤残留对后茬水稻影响的小区试验。试验结果表明，水稻对咪草娴较敏感。咪草炯用量2ga．i．/hm^2前期对水稻有抑制作用，咪草娴用量4ga．i．/hm^2以下，后期抑制作用不明显，但水稻仍然减产。咪草娴用量8ga．i．/hm^2以上时，水稻减产明显。     

几种棉田除草剂大田防除效果及其对棉花的安全性测定

田间药效结果表明，氟乐灵、甲草胺、乙草胺、异丙甲草胺、二甲戊乐灵、扑草净、曙草灵、仲丁灵8种土壤处理剂无论是对禾本科杂草还是对阔叶杂草都有较好的防效，而且比茎叶处理剂的持效期长；烯禾啶、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵4种茎叶处理剂对禾本科杂草的防效较好，而对阔叶杂草无效。室内安全性测定表明，甲草胺、乙草胺和异丙甲草胺对棉花的安全性较差，二甲戊乐灵对棉花的株高有一定的抑制作用，但对鲜重没有抑制作用，其他药剂没有明显的影响。     

嵌段型非离子表面活性剂在微乳剂制备中的应用

介绍了1组嵌段型非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,进行了一系列性质表征,筛选出一种用于新型高效农药5.2%甲维盐·溴虫腈微乳剂的制备。考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、溶剂及水对其稳定性的影响,确定了优惠配方。对甘蓝小菜蛾幼虫的室内毒力测定及田间药效结果表明,共毒系数CTC为172.5,具有明显的增效作用。将其稀释1000、2000倍7d后的防效分别为90.4%及80.5%,均高于0.5%甲维盐乳油、10%溴虫腈悬浮剂2种单剂药效。显示了该药剂具有较强的杀虫作用和较长的持效期,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

柑桔木虱有效防治药剂田间筛选试验

控制柑桔木虱是黄龙病综合防治最重要的措施。田间药效试验结果表明，敌敌畏、乐果、辛硫磷、马拉硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、阿维菌素、丁醚脲等对木虱成虫的防效低于80％，吡虫啉为86．6％；甲氰菊酯及与三唑磷、丙溴磷、水胺硫磷的混剂，高效氯氰菊酯及与毒死蜱的混剂的防效都在90．0％以上；啶虫脒对成、若虫的防效都较差，与柴油、吡虫啉混用有增效作用。     

Dietary fiber supplements: Effects on serum and liver lipids and on liver phospholipid composition in rats

Rats (6 per group) were fed semipurified diets containing either particulate fibers (alfalfa, 10%; cellulose, 10%; bran, 10%), a soluble ionic fiber (pectin 5%), soluble, nonionic fibers (guar gum, 5%; Metamucil, 10%), a mixed fiber preparation (Fibyrax, 10%, or an insoluble, ionic bile acid-binding resin (cholestyramine, 2%). The control group was fed the unsupplemented diet. The feeding period, during which diet and water were provided ad libitum, was 28 days. Compared with the control group, serum total cholesterol levels were increased by more than 10% in rats fed alfalfa and decreased by more than 10% in rats fed cellulose, guar gum, Fibyrax and cholestyramine. There were no significant differences in percentage of plasma HDL cholesterol. Serum triglycerides were elevated in the groups fed alfalfa, pectin, guar gum or Fibyrax and reduced in the group fed Metamucil. Plasma phospholipids were elevated in rats fed alfalfa or bran, unaffected in rats fed pectin or Metamucil and reduced in the other groups. Liver total cholesterol was elevated in all groups but those fed wheat bran and cholestyramine. The percentage of liver cholesterol present as ester was elevated in every group except that fed cholestyramine. Liver triglycerides were reduced in rats fed guar gum or Metamucil and elevated in those fed alfalfa. Liver phospho-lipids were lowered in the group fed cellulose. Liver phospholipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography to give phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (Sph), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine (PI+PS). PC was elevated in all test groups (7–25%); PE levels ranged from 14% below to 0.3% above controls; Sph levels were sharply lower (20–53%) in all groups. LPC and PI+PS levels were close to the control value in all test groups. The results demonstrate that different dietary fibers can affect liver phospholipid composition. In view of the critical roles of phospholipids in many biological reactions, it will be interesting to survey the influence of dietary fiber on phospholipid spectra of other tissues. Deceased.