相干接收随机多码CDMA在多径衰落信道中的容量性能研究

本文研究采用ＢＰＳＫ调制、相干ＰＡＫＥ接收的随机访问多码ＣＤＭＡ）ＲＡＭＣ＿ＣＤＭＡ）在频率选择性Ｎａｋａｇａｍｉ多径衰落、噪声信道（ＭＦＮＣ）中的容量性能,建立系统模型后,推导出了多用户条件下接收机输出的条件概率分布及判决平均比特误码率,并以Ｒａｙｌｉｇｈ多径衰落、噪声信道为例,计算了系统容量的数值解,分析表明：ＲＡＭＣ－ＣＤＭＡ解决了普通ＤＳ－ＣＤＭＡ系统存在的用户可传信息速率受限的问题,能在     

初始判决指导的DS／CDMA最大似然检测算法

本文首先给出了多径异步多用户ＤＳ／ＣＤＭＡ系统的一种数学模型，得出了恒参信道下最大似然检测（ＭＬＳＥ）算法的一种新的表示形式，然后作者具体分析了以ＲＡＫＥ接收机作为衰落信道的匹配滤波器时，最大似然检测器的算法设计问题，分析指出，在多径环境下ＭＬＳＥ算法的复杂度和计算量与多径时延的分布有关，如果有用户时延扩散在一个信息码元之内，算法复杂度和恒参信道下相同，而其实现可以用状态中变的Ｖｉｔｅｒｂｉ算法来     

无线CDMA通信中的2—D RAKE接收机

利用天线阵提供空间维数的空时信号接收,能够明显降低多址干扰和抗多径衰落,提高系统的性能。研究了天经阵的ＲＡＫＥ接收结构,推导了ＭＭＳＥ波束形成与１－ＤＲＡＫＥ接收机相结合,扩展为２－ＤＲＡＫＥ接收机的性能。此外,还给出了一种估计系统期望的信道参数的方法。     

初始判决指导下的DS/CDMA最大似然检测算法

本文首先给出了多径异步多用户ＤＳ／ＣＤＭＡ系统的一种数学模型，得出了恒参信道下最大似然检测（ＭＬＳＥ）算法的一种新的表示形式。然后作者具体分析了以ＲＡＫＥ接收机作为衰落信道的匹配滤波器时，最大似然检测器的算法设计问题。分析指出，在多径环境下ＭＬＳＥ算法的复杂度和计算量与多径时延的分布有关，如果用户时延扩散在一个信息码元之内，算法复杂度和恒参信道下相同，而其实现可以用状态数可变的Ｖｉｔｅｒｂｉ算法来实现。最后，本文用传统判决方法得出的初始判决信息缩减Ｖｉｔｅｒｂｉ算法的搜索空间，在保证一定性能的前提下，算法的计算复杂度大大降低。     

一种基于带通RAKE接收机的多载波解调方法

ＣＤＭＡ２０００采用多载波和直接序列扩频两种方式来达到提供宽带数据业务的目的。针对ＣＤＭＡ２０００前向信道的三载波调制方式,提出了一种基于带通ＲＡＫＥ接收机的多载波解调方法。这种方法避开了设计多比特的基带数字滤波器,从而大大降低了实现的复杂度。文章首先分析了三载波的调制结构。根据ＲＡＫＥ接收机的原理,推导出相应的带通ＲＡＫＥ接收机模型并给出解调结构,最后,用ＳＰＷ软件对此模型进行仿真并给出了传真结     

码分多址数字移动通信的抗多径衰落技术

移动信道的主要特征是由于移和多径传播的多径落现象，本文首先概述了码分多址（ＣＤＭＡ）数字移动信道的数学模型，并在此基础上讨论了ＤＳ－ＦＳＨ扩频多系统在瑞利衰落信道中的多径分集接收技术的性能，推导了基于最大合并（ＭＲＣ）等增益组合（ＥＧＣ）和选择最大（ＳＭ）多径分集接收算法下，扩展系统的平均差错概率，理论分析和数值模拟表明，扩频分集技术可以明显地提高ＣＤＭＡ系统的抗衰落能力，并且指出ＭＲＣ优于ＥＧＣ     

DFIS用于抑制CDMA中的多路单频干扰

本文提出了结构简单的非线性判决反馈干扰抑制器（ＤＦＩＳ）,并用于抑制ＣＤＭＡ中多路单频干扰。ＤＦＩＳ的估值滤波器（ＥＦ）采用单边预测滤波器和双边抽头滤波器。ＥＦ的输入和权值修正中均采用判块值。推导了两种ＥＦ和ＤＦＩＳ的信噪比改善（ＳＮＲＩ）表达式,分析了两种ＥＦ的理论分析和模拟结果。     

直扩码分多址个人通信系统在衰落信道中的多用户信号检测

本文在ＤＳ－ＣＤＭＡ ＰＣＮ系统抗干扰性能的分析中，首次提出了用户归一化扩频信号等效左半部分和等效右半部分的分析模型，并在此基础上有效地结合传统扩频通信ＲＡＫＥ接收机的抗多径性能和多用户信号检测器的抗多址干扰特性，得到了一种能同时消除同频干扰和对抗多径多用户信号检测新方法。     

在多径衰落信道上FD／SSMA系统的性能分析

多载波频率分集扩展频谱码分多址系统是一种基于多载波传播,与直接序列扩展频谱码分多址系统存在时间－频率对偶关系的扩频多址通信方案。在多径传输信道下,基于ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ信号的锐自相关和低互相关特性,本文提出了ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ系统可以采用路径分集接收的方案。分析和模拟计算表明,在多径衰落信道下,采用路径分集方案时ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的性能将得到明显的改善。     

在多径衰落信道下FD/SSMA系统的性能分析

多载波频率分集扩展频谱码分多址系统（ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ）是一种基于多载波传输,与直接序列扩展频谱码分多址系统（ＤＳ／ＳＳＭＡ）存在时间－频率对偶关系的扩频多址通信方案。在多径传输信道下,基于ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ信号的锐自相关和低互相关特性,本文提出ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ系统可以采用路径分集接收的方案。分析和模拟计算表明,在多径衰落信道下,采用路径分集方案时ＦＤ／ＳＳＭＡ系统的性能将得到明显的改善。     

Blind equalization in antenna array CDMA systems

Multipath induced interchip-interference (ICI) alters waveforms of transmitted signals and presents a major obstacle to direct-sequence (DS) code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) communications. For systems with aperiodic pseudorandom (PN) spreading sequences, the primary way to counter fading is through employing RAKE receivers that enhance the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) by combining multipath signals from the desired user. In this paper, we formulate a discrete-time model for antenna array CDMA systems and study the 2-D RAKE receiver problem by casting it into an optimum vector FIR equalizer design and estimation framework. A novel aspect of the present work is the full exploitation of the potential of 2-D RAKE receivers without requiring any detailed knowledge of the multipath channels     

Performance of Super-Orthogonal Convolutional Coding for Ultra-Wideband Systems in Multipath and Multiuser Channels

This paper investigates the application of super-orthogonal convolutional codes (SOCC) to a direct-sequence based ultra- wideband (DS-UWB) system under a realistic environment including inter-symbol interference (ISI) and multiuser interference (MUI). The effect of MUI and ISI on the performance of SOCC is analyzed by using both maximum ratio combining (MRC) RAKE receiver and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) RAKE receiver followed by matched filter receiver. The analysis shows that in the case of employing simple MRC-RAKE receiver, the performance of SOCC is ffected by MUI and ISI because of the short length of the spreading sequence. In order to combat MUI and ISI, a code-hopping scheme is proposed in conjunction with SOCC. The results show that SOCC scheme outperforms the higher-rate conventional convolutional coded scheme for multipath and multiple access channels. Furthermore, the use of MMSE-RAKE receiver to suppress interference is analyzed and the subsequent increase of the system capacity is observed.     

An optimum combining and concatenated-RAKE for dual-antenna mobileterminals in UMTS

The downlink of UMTS employs variable spreading factor and multicode to support variable data rate transmissions. In multicode and low spreading factor scenarios, interpath interference (IPI) among code channels is a principle factor that needs to be taken into consideration in system design. For example, the RAKE receiver with conventional maximum-ratio-combining suffers greatly from the presence of IPI. We present a new receiver structure that effectively incorporates an optimum combining scheme and dual-antenna diversity to enhance system performance     

Robust channel prediction technique for decision directed RAKEreceivers

The authors describe a robust channel prediction technique for a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) system in a fast fading environment. Coherent diversity reception is employed for improved performance. To estimate the channel response, an FIR type linear prediction filter is employed for each RAKE tap. The stability of the decision directed receiver is achieved through differential encoding of the data bits. It is demonstrated through simulations that the performance of the proposed decision directed receiver is better than a receiver which relies on a pilot signal     

New antimultipath technique for spread spectrum receivers

The adaptive RAKE filter can be used in spread spectrum systems to combine the separate signal energies received due to multipath propagation effects. However, shorter length coding schemes are often subject to significant autocorrelation sidelobes, which when incorporated into the RAKE scheme cause further interference. A new approach to combining these signal energies is made possible using the adaptive multipath cancellation receiver and the improved RAKE filter is shown to avoid the sidelobe interference experienced with nonideal autocorrelation functions.<>     

Small delay multipath diversity in spread spectrum communication systems

A new double-filter receiver for spread spectrum wireless systems is presented. The receiver exploits the inherent diversity due to the small delay difference between the multipaths which may not be exploited by the conventional RAKE receiver. The bit error rate performances of both the coherent and the noncoherent detectors are analyzed and compared with the ideal RAKE receiver and the matched filter bound. We also examine the best and the worst cases of a three-path fading channel for the proposed receiver. Optimum pulse shapes under various channel conditions are designed. Implementation issues in code-division multiple access systems are discussed. The numerical results show that the proposed receiver achieves significant gains for a given spreading factor under a complexity constraint.     

Modified RHKF Filter for Improved DR/GPS Navigation against Uncertain Model Dynamics

In this paper, an error compensation technique for a dead reckoning (DR) system using a magnetic compass module is proposed. The magnetic compass‐based azimuth may include a bias that varies with location due to the surrounding magnetic sources. In this paper, the DR system is integrated with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver using a finite impulse response (FIR) filter to reduce errors. This filter can estimate the varying bias more effectively than the conventional Kalman filter, which has an infinite impulse response structure. Moreover, the conventional receding horizon Kalman FIR (RHKF) filter is modified for application in nonlinear systems and to compensate the drawbacks of the RHKF filter. The modified RHKF filter is a novel RHKF filter scheme for nonlinear dynamics. The inverse covariance form of the linearized Kalman filter is combined with a receding horizon FIR strategy. This filter is then combined with an extended Kalman filter to enhance the convergence characteristics of the FIR filter. Also, the receding interval is extended to reduce the computational burden. The performance of the proposed DR/GPS integrated system using the modified RHKF filter is evaluated through simulation.     

一种新的基于特征向量合并的超宽带系统分集方案

针对超宽带系统在室内环境中面临严重的多径衰落问题,通常在接收端需使用RAKE接收机来收集多径能量改善性能。该文提出了一种新的分集方案,在发送端信号进行预处理,在接收端使用RAKE合并收集多径能量,同时给出了基于信道矩阵特征值估计的最佳合并权重和时延参数估计算法。理论分析和仿真结果都表明,该算法得到的输出信噪比总是大于传统的RAKE接收机输出信噪比。     

Comparison of MC-CDMA with DS-CDMA using frequency domain and time domain RAKE receivers

In this paper a multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) system with a soft decision differential phase shift keying (DPSK) frequency domain RAKE receiver is described. We compare a MC-CDMA system with a direct sequence CDMA system using RAKE receivers. In contrast with previous MC-CDMA systems, guard intervals are not used and the carriers are spaced at the reciprocal of the bit rate, optimising the usage of the bandwidth. In this way a comparison can be made between the multicarrier CDMA system described and a direct sequence (DS-CDMA) system with the same bandwidth. The results presented are received bit error rates from Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are conducted in a multipath channel with Rayleigh fading and 300 Hz Doppler spectrum with additive white Gaussian noise. It is shown that the multicarrier CDMA matched filter receiver performs favourably compared to the direct sequence CDMA matched filter receiver for 1 -path fading. For a single user at a receive bit error rate of 1×10^–3 in the 4-path fading channel the multicarrier RAKE receiver requires no knowledge of the channel delay spread and performs 3 dB worse than the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver simulated. The performance of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver for a single user increases with increasing channel dispersion. The performance of the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver for multiple user is superior to that of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver.     

Linear space-time multiuser detection for multipath CDMA channels

We consider the problem of detecting synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) signals in multipath channels that result in multiple access interference (MAI). It is well known that such challenging conditions may create severe near-far situations in which the standard techniques of combined power control and temporal single-user RAKE receivers provide poor performance. To address the shortcomings of the RAKE receiver, multiple antenna receivers combining space-time processing with multiuser detection have been proposed in the literature. Specifically, a space-time detector based on minimizing the mean-squared output between the data stream and the linear combiner output has shown great potential in achieving good near-far performance with much less complexity than the optimum space-time multiuser detector. Moreover, this space-time minimum mean-squared error (ST-MMSE) multiuser detector has the additional advantage of being well suited for adaptive implementation. We propose novel trained and blind adaptive algorithms based on stochastic gradient techniques, which are shown to approximate the ST-MMSE solution without requiring knowledge of the channel. We show that these linear space-time detectors can potentially provide significant capacity enhancements (up to one order of magnitude) over the conventional temporal single-user RAKE receiver