Analysis of file usage in personal computer environments

This paper discusses collection, analysis and interpretation of data pertaining to files in personal computer (PC) environments. We developed programs to collect and analyze data from PCs running the OS/2¹ operating system and using the High Performance File System (HPFS). The data collection program gathers the information about file sizes, the times and dates of file creation, the last file access, and the last file update by scanning the contents of disk storage devices. The gathered information is used to analyze the distributions of file sizes, functional file lifetimes, and functional lifetimes of file's data. The analysis shows that: most files are small (more than 60% of files on a system are smaller than 8 Kbytes), about 60% of files on a system have never been accessed again after being created and very few files are ever modified. Recommended by: N. Boudriga     

ADAMO A data storage and retrieval system for clinical research

A data storage and retrieval system—ADAMO—for clinical research is presented. ADAMO is a “problem-oriented” data management system, with which a clinical researcher can obtain answers to his questions in an interactive way without also having to screen irrelevant patient information. The programs composing ADAMO are application independent. The independency is obtained by using files for storing application-dependent information produced by a data definition language. The different files used by ADAMO are described. The way in which the user works with the system is explained. Clinicians and researchers are enthusiastic about the use of the system.     

基于BIOS软件模块的开机口令设计与实现

计算机病毒、后门程序层出不穷,系统安全让人防不胜防,操作系统文件、可执行程序、数据文档等等均成为攻击的目标,甚至BIOS也不能幸免成为黑客攻击的对象。本文将介绍BIOS攻击的基本方法,并通过增加BIOS模块扩展计算机开机口令的设计,以提高系统安全性;同时让读者了解BIOS存在的风险,提高防范意识。     

Markov-chain based reliability analysis for distributed systems

In a typical distributed computing system (DCS), nodes consist of processing elements, memory units, shared resources, data files, and programs. For a distributed application, programs and data files are distributed among many processing elements that may exchange data and control information via communication link. The reliability of DCS can be expressed by the analysis of distributed program reliability (DPR) and distributed system reliability (DSR). In this paper, two reliability measures are introduced which are Markov-chain distributed program reliability (MDPR) and Markov-chain distributed system reliability (MDSR) to accurately model the reliability of DCS. A discrete time Markov chain with one absorbing state is constructed for this problem. The transition probability matrix is employed to represent the transition probability from one state to another state in a unit of time. In addition to mathematical method to evaluate the MDPR and MDSR, a simulation result is also presented to prove its correction.     

The Use of Microsoft Excel as a User Interface for Biological Simulations

We used Microsoft Excel 4.0 for Windows running on a PC-486 to develop a user interface for two biological simulation models: a lung fluid balance model and a fractal model of the pulmonary circulation. The simulation programs were written in the C programming language, while the user interface was written in the macro language of Excel. The interface builds input data files for the simulation programs and provides a mechanism for displaying relevant information from output files produced from the simulations. Input fields arc partially protected so that the user cannot modify certain portions of the spreadsheet. The Excel interface is used to build models from different available components and to select appropriate parameters for these models. The developed interface was also useful for running models in the batch mode. After selecting changes in lung fluid balance parameters, the interface allows users to find new steady state values by automatically running the model and adjusting initial conditions. Several different graphical options allow users to easily investigate the effects of selecting particular models and parameters. Techniques used in developing our user interface can be extended to most biological simulation programs which manipulate input and output data files.     

基于模板技术的产品大规模定制信息发布模型

提出了基于模板技术的产品定制信息发布模型,该模型根据产品定制系统页面输出样式,通过模板定义层定义页面输出模板,并由模板生成层生成并保存页面输出模板;系统输出数据通过页面输出发布程序,结合相应的页面输出模板生成Web发布页面。该模型实现了系统信息发布页面的灵活定制和信息输出发布软件的复用。     

SPLICE, a computer program for automated extraction of information from GenBank sequence entries

SPLICE, a software tool for the extraction of sequences from files in GenBank tape format, has been developed. The program can analyze the features table in this format and use any of the information provided to write the corresponding sequences into a standard sequence file format suitable for use with sequence analysis programs. Sequences that are present as several subsequent fragments in a single GenBank file, such as those encoding a peptide, can be spliced together by the program. Further, sequences that are present in more than one Genbank file, such as an exon which spans several different files, can also be spliced into one sequence. SPLICE runs under the MS/DOS and Unix operating systems, can be called as a sub-process by other programs and can process batches of files.     

Geo-visualization Fortran library

Geobrowser tools offer easy access to geographical and map images over which geospatial data can be overlaid, a process that provides a powerful new visualization resource for scientists. Many of these tools make use of the well-documented KML/XML data formats, and the challenge for the scientist is to generate KML files from their simulation and analysis programs. Since many of these programs are written in the Fortran language, which does not have native tools to support XML files, we have developed a new library - WKML - that enables KML files to be produced directly and automatically. This paper describes the WKML library, gives a number of different examples to illustrate the breadth of its functionality, and describes in more detail an example of its use for hydrology.     

Syntax-Directed Pretty Printing—A First Step Towards a Syntax-Directed Editor

A language-independent syntax-directed pretty printer has been implemented as the first step towards building a language-independent syntax-directed editor. The syntax-directed pretty printer works in two phases: the grammar processing phase and the program processing phase. In the grammar processing stage, a grammar which contains a context-free grammar and information for the parser and pretty printer is processed and all files needed by the second phase are written. With these files, the syntax-directed pretty printer works for the language of the grammar. The syntax-directed editor would use the same grammar processing phase to construct the files needed to make it work for a specific language. In the program processing phase, programs in the language of the grammar are parsed and parse trees are built. If syntax errors are found, error messages are produced and error recovery is done. The parse trees are pretty printed according to the pretty printer specifications given in the grammar, resulting in well-indented, syntactically clear programs.     

Matlab的数据文件I/O的实现方法

在实现Matlab和其它应用程序的数据共享时，Matlab常需要读写数据文件。本文详细讨论了Matlab数据文件I／O的实现方法，并给出了程序实例。     

A distributed-memory implementation of the MCHF atomic structure package

The MCHF (Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock) atomic structure package consists of a series of programs that predict a range of atomic properties and communicate information through files. Several of these have now been modified for the distributed-memory environment. On the Intel iPSC/860 the restricted amount of memory and the lack of virtual memory required a redesign of the data organization with large arrays residing on disk. The data structures also had to be modified. To a large extent, data could be distributed among the nodes, but crucial to the performance of the MCHF program was the global information that is needed for an even distribution of the workload. This paper outlines the computational problems that must be solved in an atomic structure calculation and describes the strategies used to distribute both the data and the workload on a distributed-memory system. Performance data are provided for some benchmark calculations on the Intel iPSC/860.     

Computer programs to facilitate the estimation of time-dependent drug effects on ion channels

The programs I-VOC and I-ROC have been designed to facilitate the analysis of drug effects on currents through ion channels in the cell membrane, measured by means of voltage-clamp. They are written in Igor Pro (WaveMetrics) and read exported files or raw data files generated by the Pulse (HEKA Electronic) or pClamp (Axon Instruments) programs. With I-VOC, the sweeps of current through voltage-operated ion channels can be quantified within six time ranges, and current run-down can be corrected for after the currents are fitted during the control period. Linear leak current can be subtracted even when the P/n method is not used. The results are plotted and tabulated. With I-ROC, an analogous program, receptor-operated currents can be quantified, the peak current or rate of desensitization can be fitted and run-down corrected for. Chart-like data can be converted to a sweep-like format. Several procedures are incorporated for rapid graphical data presentation. These programs accelerate and improve the estimation of drug effects on ion channels.     

Open Inventor在STK模型转换中的应用

为解决航天仿真系统中的航天器建模问题,对STK模型文件进行了结构分析,探讨了STK建模语言和VRML建模语言在总体规则、语法语义等各方面的异同,构建了读取STK模型文件、调整其数据结构、利用Open Inventor重构模型、最终输出标准的VRML模型文件的框架,集中讨论了引用图元、模型动作、模型纹理、模型变换的转换方法,并据此开发了一套模型转换程序.实践证明,该方法能够实现STK模型图元、参数、变换和动作的转换,与以往方法相比,能够大大降低运算复杂度和存储消耗.     

Supporting Scalable Performance Monitoring and Analysis of Parallel Programs

Tools for performance monitoring and analysis become indispensable parts of programming environments for parallel computers. As the number of processors increases, the conventional techniques for monitoring the performance of parallel programs will produce large amounts of data in the form of event trace files. On the other hand, this wealth of information is a problem for the programmer who is forced to navigate through it, and for the tools that must store and process it. What makes this situation worse is that most of the time, a large amount of the data are irrelevant to understanding the performance of an application. In this paper, we present a new approach for collecting performance data. By tracing all the events but storing only the statistics of the performance, our approach can provide accurate and useful performance information yet require far less data to be stored. In addition, this approach also supports real-time performance monitoring.     

基于LabWindows/CVI的ATS软件框架

基于LabWindows/CVI的自动测试系统软件框架使用配置文件实现软、硬件模块之间信息交换和资源的动态配置。在同一个软件主框架下实现了多个UUT测试程序的开发和调试。提供良好的调试维护界面,实现测试软件的模块化、TPS的可移植,大大提高了开发和调试的效率。TPS通过调用格式化类驱动间接调用物理仪器驱动,实现了仪器的可互换。     

Using the R statistical data analysis language on GRASS 5.0 GIS database files

Many researchers wish to explore and analyse spatial data, but typical software does not readily permit such integration. This paper presents a simple interface between two open-source software systems, the GRASS geographical information system, and the R statistical data analysis language. The platform used here is GNU/Linux, because both systems compile and install cleanly; R runs cleanly in Windows environments as well. The interface allows floating point and category data to be passed both ways for raster map layers and sites files; NULL raster cells in GRASS interchange with NA (not available) values in R. Because both systems are developing rapidly and GRASS database internals change often, the interface uses ASCII transfer via temporary files generated by standard programs. The interface operates by running R from within the GRASS environment, and issues commands to GRASS programs through the R system( ) function. The accompanying code is constructed as an R package, and contains wrapper functions for R plotting, and for R analytical functions returning gridded output, such as trend surface and kriging prediction, kernel density estimation of point patterns, and bicubic spline interpolation. These typical spatial analytical techniques, also often available in some form in GIS, are amply buttressed in R by a large range of other statistical and graphical functions, giving substantial insight into the data or results being handled. The interface will be extended to vector data, and will be coordinated with other database integration packages in R and GRASS.     

An entity—relationship framework for information resource management

We outline a framework for information resource management based on the relational and entity—relationship models of data base management. They are enlarged to encompass the variety of information resources now found in many organizations — including data files, data analysis procedures, text files, decision models, expert systems and knowledge bases, and human information resources (both individuals and groups).     

A data acquisition, display and plotting program for the IBM PC

A program, AQ, has been developed to perform analog-to-digital (A/D) conversions on IBM PC products using the Data Translation DT2801-A or DT2801 boards. This program provides support for all of the triggered and continuous A/D modes of these boards. Additional subroutines for management of data files and display of acquired data have also been developed. These programs have been written so that a minimum number of keystrokes are required for their operation. Parameter files are used to simplify reconfiguration of this program for various data acquisition tasks.     

Modeling Big data‐based systems through ontological trading

One of the great challenges the information society faces is dealing with the huge amount of information generated and handled daily on the Internet. Today, progress in Big data proposals attempt to solve this problem, but there are certain limitations to information search and retrieval due basically to the large volumes handled, the heterogeneity of the information, and its dispersion among a multitude of sources. In this article, a formal framework is defined to facilitate the design and development of an environmental management information system, which works with a heterogeneous and large amount of data. Nevertheless, this framework can be applied to other information systems that work with Big data, because it does not depend on the type of data and can be utilized in other domains. The framework is based on an ontological web‐trading model (OntoTrader), which follows model‐driven engineering and ontology‐driven engineering guidelines to separate the system architecture from its implementation. The proposal is accompanied by a case study, SOLERES‐KRS, an environmental knowledge representation system designed and developed using software agents and multi‐agent systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于DICOM标准的胶片扫描处理系统的实现

我国目前还存在许多非DICOM标准接口的医疗影像设备,这些设备中大部分仍然只是输出胶片。为了将这些胶片转换为符合DICOM标准的格式文件,然后将这些文件归档,该文介绍了一个胶片扫描处理系统的实现方法。在该系统中将X光胶片等用胶片扫描仪进行扫描,生成胶片的数字图像数据,然后将图像数据和输入的相关信息合并,构造出符合DICOM标准的文件,最后将文件传送到DICOM服务器。