藻胆蛋白免疫荧光法的初步探索

采用CNBr活化的琼脂糖凝胶小珠作为固相载体,应用藻胆蛋白荧光标记物对血清可溶性抗原检测作了初步的探索. 结果表明, 藻胆蛋白免疫荧光法用于可溶性抗原检测不但可行,而且具有荧光强度高、可长期保存且无明显衰减等特点.     

国内外膜梯度分离技术用于水质分析的研究进展

膜作为一种新兴高效的化工分离技术20年来已经应用于很多行业,近年来膜梯度分离用于水质表征的方法受到国内外关注。本文综述了国内外膜梯度分离技术用于水质分析的研究进展。膜梯度分离在国外已经应用在超胶体的定性、易降解组分的定量、化学耗氧量与粒径分布关系的分析以及可生化性评价等方面;国内目前在水源水分子量分布、垃圾渗滤液污染物特性表征和絮凝处理后水质分析方面有研究。     

荧光免疫分析用染料及其研究进展

介绍了染料在荧光免疫分析中的应用原理及所用的荧光染料的研究进展。并且提出了近红外吸收染料在这一领域的应用前景。     

纳米Al13硫酸盐晶体的合成及表征

利用化学沉淀分离-置换法分离纯化聚合氯化铝(PAC)中的A l13形态,并采用XRD、SEM、AFM和27A l NMR手段对分离纯化所得的纳米A l13硫酸盐晶体进行了表征。实验结果表明,合成的A l13硫酸盐晶体为球状的纳米粒子,粒径约为80 nm。     

氨基酸分离提纯的研究进展

本文对氨基酸分离提纯常用的沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取法、吸附法等方法的原理及研究进展状况作了较全面的总结。     

芦荟多糖的分离纯化与分析

芦荟多糖具有杀菌、抗辐射、抗肿瘤、降血糖和降血脂等多种药理作用,在医药、食品、美容保健等领域具有很大的潜在应用价值。综述了近年来国内外芦荟多糖研究的进展,主要包括其化学组成、分离纯化和分析方法等方面,为其进一步深入研究及新产品的开发提供理论参考。     

氯化汞代异烟酸-N-琥珀酰亚胺酯的合成、表征及放射性标记

选用异烟酸为前体,通过亲电取代反应合成汞代吡啶羧酸,再进行酯化,制得一种适合于多种蛋白质碘标记的偶联剂－氯化汞代异烟酸－N－琥珀酰亚胺酯。该试剂结合固相分离技术可建立一快速、简便的标记抗体途径。其蛋白质标记率可达30％－40％。     

肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞分离培养研究进展

综合介绍肺泡Ⅱ型细胞分离纯化和培养的不同方法及其优缺点、相关实验条件的和注意事项。     

离子交换色谱法分离纯化水溶性花菁染料的研究

针对水溶性不对称荧光染料及副产物不同的电荷特性,采用DEAE-52阴离子交换色谱结合葡聚糖凝胶色谱对其进行分离纯化,并以纯化后的染料作为荧光探针对抗体进行标记。结果表明,当使用含0.5 mol/L Na2SO4的0.2 mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)进行洗脱时,DEAE-52阴离子交换色谱能够将目标染料分离,得到纯度为98.4%的产物,得率57.1%。产物经活化后用于标记抗体,标记度达到4.6,与同类别的CFTM647相当,达到了实用的要求。     

透明质酸分离纯化研究进展

微生物发酵法是生产透明质酸的主要方法,分离纯化是发酵法制备高分子量、高纯度透明质酸的关键环节。本文探讨了透明质酸发酵液的特性和分离纯化过程中工艺条件对透明质酸分子量和结构的影响,对预处理、分离、纯化各阶段的工艺方法进行了系统比较和分析,指出了透明质酸分离纯化工艺中存在的问题,并提出了今后分离纯化研究的重点。     

双水相萃取技术及其应用

双水相萃取技术作为一项新的分离技术日益受到重视,它与传统的萃取方法相比有独特的优点。本文综述了双水相萃取技术基本原理、特点、工艺流程及其若干应用,并对双水相萃取技术存在的问题和发展方向作了扼要论述。     

分离技术的进展

本文概述了基于生物技术的发展、超纯材料的制备等对发展分离科学和技术的需求,特别是从大量基体物或稀溶液中提取、分离、纯化和检测低含量物质要求发展高选择性的分离技术和相应的分离体系。在发展和完善原有分离技术(如萃取、离子交换、吸附、吸收等)的同时,超临界萃取和膜分离技术具有引入的应用前景。还应注意两种或多种分离技术相结合的分离方法和技术的研究。     

Preparation,characterization, and performance evaluation of coated PES polymer materials fabricated via dry/wet phase inversion technique

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is the major air pollutant which is emitted from the power plant. In this study, hollow fiber membrane (HFM) separation process is applied for the improvement of SO₂ removal efficiency in the post‐combustion gas. HFM was produced by dry/wet phase inversion method and then coated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The membrane morphology and characterization were examined with help of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion of X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were tested for the SO₂/N₂ binary mixed gas separation. Single gas permeance of SO₂, N₂, and binary mixture gas (200 ppm of SO₂) separation experiment was initiated to observe membrane behavior according to temperature and pressure difference and retentate flow rate. As a result, permeance of SO₂ was 24.9–47.4 GPU and selectivity of SO₂/N₂ was 1.6–4.2. From the mixture gas separation experiment, SO₂ removal efficiency increased according to stage cut and operating pressure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39711.     

绿原酸提取纯化方法的研究进展

绿原酸是植物体内一种重要的次生代谢产物,作为一种活性物质广泛存在于高等双子叶植物和蕨类植物中.由于其具有抑菌消毒、活血降压、抗氧化、防衰老等功效,因而成为生物活性物质研究的热点之一.从绿原酸的提取和分离纯化两方面进行综述,并就传统提取法、物理场提取法和生物酶解法3种方法进行重点阐述,旨在为绿原酸的应用提供参考和依据.     

生物表面活性剂驱油研究进展

第三次采油技术的发展促进了表面活性剂在油田生产中成熟而稳定的应用。与化学合成表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂具有无毒等优势,在近些年呈现出热点研究态势,部分成果业已得到应用。本文从生物表面活性剂的驱油机理、纯化、应用3个方面进行论述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。在驱油机理方面,主要通过降低油水界面张力、乳化残油以及润湿性反转3种作用,保障开采后期的油藏采收率。在纯化方面,单一方法制备生物表面活性剂技术已经较为成熟,但这些方法均具有一定局限性;采用两种或多种方法联用,既可以降低纯化成本又可以提高产率,成为未来生物表面活性剂纯化技术的发展趋势。在应用方面,主要体现在与化学表面活性剂进行复配后定向注入油藏进行驱油;此外,近年来也开发出利用高效营养剂激活本源微生物,诱导其产生表面活性物质继而富集、驱油的新技术。     

免疫磁性微球的研究进展

免疫磁性微球是免疫学与磁性微球结合而发展起来的一类新型材料,免疫磁性分离法由于具有高效、快速、低毒、操作简单等优点,已广泛地应用于细胞学、免疫学、分子生物学等领域。本文简要介绍了免疫磁性微球的结构、性质、分离原理和特点及其在国内外的制备现状,并对其在细胞分离与提纯、细胞体外扩增、免疫检测、核酸与基因工程、HLA分型、靶向释药等方面的应用作了较详细的阐述。     

Influence of copper oxide nanomaterials in a poly(ether sulfone) membrane for improved humic acid and oil–water separation

In this study, self‐synthesized copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles were incorporated in poly(ether sulfone) (PES) mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) through the phase‐inversion method. A cubic arrangement and crystallite size of 28 nm was identified by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for the as‐synthesized Cu₂O particles. The pristine PES membrane had a higher contact angle value of 88.50°, which was significantly reduced up to 50.10° for 1.5 wt % PES/Cu₂O MMMs. Moreover, XRD analysis of the Cu₂O‐incorporated PES membrane exhibited a new diffraction pattern at 36.46°. This ensured that the Cu₂O nanoparticles were distributed well in the PES matrix. Interestingly, the water permeability progressively improved up to 66.72 × 10^?9 m s^?1 kPa^?1 for 1.5 wt % PES/Cu₂O MMMs. Furthermore, the membrane performances were also evaluated with different feed solutions: (1) bovine serum albumin, (2) humic acid, and (3) oil–water. The enhanced rejection and lower flux reduction percentage were observed for hybrid membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43873.     

Modification of β‐cyclodextrin for rapidly decolorizing the dye‐containing wastewaters by flocculation

To strengthen the role of polymer bridging during the flocculation process and thus raise the speed of decolorizing the dye‐containing wastewaters, β‐cyclodextrin–acrylamide–[2‐(Acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer (poly[AM(β‐CD)‐AETAC]) with relatively high intrinsic viscosity (84.3 mL g^?1) and cationicity (24.5%) was prepared by solution polymerization. The successful preparation of copolymer was demonstrated by FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR characterizations. Its excellent decolorization performances as a new flocculant were evaluated with the C.I. reactive orange 5 (RO 5) and C.I. reactive blue 19 (RB 19) solutions using a jar test method. Both the nature of anionic dyes and the pH of dye solutions influence the decolorization effectiveness. For both the RB 19 and RO 5 solutions (0.10 g L^?1), it can be rapidly decolorized in a wide range of pH (2–7) and flocculant concentration (0.12–0.26 g L^?1). For the given dye/flocculant solution system, both charge neutralization and polymer bridging contribute to the decolorization mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39940.     

连续流微反应技术在药物合成中的应用研究进展

基于微反应器的连续流微反应技术在化学制药行业还是相对较新的概念,相比于传统釜式合成方式,该反应技术具有传质传热效率高、本质安全、过程重复性好、产品质量稳定、连续自动化操作和时空效率高等诸多优势,其用于化学药物合成中的研究越来越多。本文综述了近年来连续流微反应技术在实现从起始原料到终端原料药或制剂的“端-到-端”连续合成制备方面的研究进展,以典型案例分析的方式具体阐明了它的技术优势和重要意义,分析总结了其应用于化学药物合成目前所存在的问题。总体来说,化学药物合成的工艺路线较长,各步反应间常存在体系兼容性、溶剂置换、分离纯化和加料顺序等方面的问题,造成各单步合成转化之间的工艺衔接和耦合后处理步骤是“端-到-端”多步连续流微反应技术的难点和挑战,亟待进一步发展。同时指出发展能与微反应器有效耦合的工艺衔接及后处理技术与装备将逐步成为该领域的研究热点。     

CuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes for deep desulfurization

CuO‐filled aminomethylated polysulfone hybrid membranes were prepared for sulfur removal from gasoline. The as‐prepared membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The separation performance of the hybrid membranes was evaluated by pervaporation (PV) separation of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture. CuO‐filling leads to a decrease in permeation flux. The sulfur‐enrichment factor increased first and then decreased with increasing CuO loading, and it is worth noting that there is a rebound in enrichment factor above 8 wt % CuO loading. Influencing factors such as nitrogen content, feed temperature, sulfur content, and various hydrocarbons on membrane PV performance were also evaluated. Permeation flux of 23.9 kg·μm·m^?2·h^?1 and sulfur‐enrichment factor of 3.9 can be achieved at 4 wt % CuO loading in PV of n‐heptane/thiophene binary mixture with 1500 μg·g^?1 sulfur content. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3718–3725, 2013