硅橡胶超疏水涂料的制备及其防闪络性能

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、沉淀法SiO2、Al(OH)3等改性纳米无机粒子和硅烷偶联剂及其它助剂为原料,采用真空混炼法,制备出具有超疏水性能的新型室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶涂层.该涂层具有较大的静态接触角和小的滚动角.采用AFM和SEM对涂层进行表征,并用接触角测定仪定量测定涂层的憎水性和憎水迁移性.结果表明,涂层表面的微纳米二级粗糙结构使涂层具有了类荷叶的优异疏水性能;同时,涂层也具有优良的憎水迁移性.并对超疏水RTV硅橡胶涂层和普通RTV硅橡胶涂层表面进行了污秽闪络对比实验,结果表明超疏水RTV硅橡胶涂层的防闪络性能得到了很大的提高.     

含氟RTV防污闪涂层的制备

考察了小分子长链氟硅氧烷(F-109)和端羟基氟硅生胶(HFSR)对室温硫化硅橡胶防污闪涂料性能的影响。结果发现,两种含氟组分的加入都可提高胶膜的憎水性,HFSR向表面迁移、富集的趋势比F-109显著,F-109在胶膜厚度方向上略呈梯度分布;随着两种含氟组分用量的增加,防污闪涂层的憎水性、憎水恢复性和憎水迁移性提高。当107硅橡胶用量为100份、气相法白炭黑用量为25份、十溴联苯乙烷用量为12份、三氧化二锑用量为4份、氢氧化镁用量为30份、HFSR用量为4份、F-109用量为1.5份时,涂层的拉伸和撕裂强度分别达到4.41 MPa和14.5 kN/m,阻燃等级达到FV-0级,涂层表面对水的接触角为118.3,°憎水恢复性和憎水迁移性都得到提高;与对照样相比,含氟组分不仅对涂层的阻燃性能和力学性能没有影响,还使涂层表面对水的接触角提高6.2%,力学、阻燃和表面性能都满足《国家电网公司跨区电网输变电设备外绝缘用防污闪涂料使用指导原则(试用)》的要求。     

基胶与填料对RTV硅橡胶防污闪涂层憎水迁移性的影响

采用模拟雾霾环境污染处理实验样品,研究了以α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107硅橡胶)为基胶的硅橡胶防污闪涂层的表干时间和憎水迁移性变化规律。研究发现,同时以高、低摩尔质量的107硅橡胶混合物为基胶的防污闪涂层的表干时间比单纯以其中一种107硅橡胶为基胶的防污闪涂层的表干时间短。调整高、低摩尔质量107硅橡胶的混合比例得到的防污闪涂层的憎水迁移性效果较好,相对于单一基胶配制的防污闪涂层更优。当摩尔质量为50 000 g/mol及4 000 g/mol的107硅橡胶的质量比为4∶1时,防污闪涂层的憎水迁移性最好。添加氧化铝可以增加防污闪涂层的憎水性和憎水迁移性,当氧化铝用量为10%时效果最好;白炭黑过多添加会影响防污闪涂层的憎水性和憎水迁移性,但在一定的范围内影响不大。白炭黑的用量为5%时防污闪涂层的憎水性以及憎水迁移性最好。     

环氧树脂偶联纳米颗粒制备超疏水表面

利用激光加工在钛合金表面构建微米级粗糙结构,采用环氧树脂溶液和纳米二氧化硅分散液对该表面进行涂覆处理,对得到的微/纳分级粗糙表面进行全氟硅烷修饰,得到具有超疏水性的复合膜层,并采用扫描电子显微镜、三维形貌仪、接触角测量仪评价膜层的形貌结构和润湿性。结果表明,激光加工构建的微米级结构和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的微/纳二元粗糙结构对超疏水表面的构建具有重要作用;复合膜层表面的接触角随二氧化硅分散液溶度的提高呈现先增加后减小趋势,并最终逐渐稳定在150 °左右;在二氧化硅分散液溶度为12.0 g/L时,复合表面的接触角最大,可达159 (°)。     

二氧化硅纳米颗粒/硅树脂复合超疏水功能涂层的制备和性能研究

将二氧化硅纳米颗粒和硅树脂制成混合液,采用喷涂法(spray-coating)制备出了具备超疏水性的复合涂层.研究了二氧化硅、硅树脂不同含量配比对涂层疏水性能的影响,结果表明复合涂层的接触角随二氧化硅含量的增加而增加.在二氧化硅含量大于3%(质量分数)时,涂层显现超疏水性;当二氧化硅含量为3%(质量分数)、硅树脂含量为7%(质量分数)时,涂层与水的接触角达到151.6°,滚动角接近0°.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层表面的微观结构,发现超疏水性的涂层具备微-纳复合阶层结构,类球状突起粒径在5μm左右,类球状突起上分布纳米团聚颗粒,直径约为50 nm.这种类似荷叶表面的微(纳复合阶层结构,结合硅树脂的低表面能,使得复合涂层具备了超疏水性能.     

海洋化工研究院研制成功憎水防冰涂料

近日,海洋化工研究院合成了一种含氟硅的超低表面能丙烯酸树脂,利用该树脂制备的清漆涂层表面水接触角可达120°以上,具有优异的憎水效果;将该树脂配制成色漆,喷涂制得的涂层表面具有超疏水效果,水接触角达到150°以上,滚动角小于10°。当水滴接触到该涂料表面时,会因为涂层的憎水作用而滑落,使涂层表面不存留水分,起到防冰作用。该技术突破了以往超疏水涂层施工工艺复杂、强度差等缺陷,采用普通的高压空气喷涂,真正满足了大面积施工的要求,涂层机械性能优良。     

超疏水涂料的制备及性能研究

以氟树脂为原料,以纳米二氧化硅粒子为改性剂并加入助剂,采用水浴共混制备超疏水涂料。通过在玻璃板自然风干得超疏水涂层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法对超疏水涂料涂层表面进行系统表征。讨论氟树脂、纳米二氧化硅及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的用量对涂层疏水性能影响,探索涂层微观粗糙结构对接触角的影响,确定涂层的最佳工艺条件,获得静态接触角为151°、滚动角为4.8°的超疏水涂料。     

纳米二氧化钛/氟树脂超疏水涂层的制备及性能

以金红石型纳米TiO2及自制的氟树脂制备了氟碳涂料,采用刷涂法于铁片表面构筑了超疏水涂层。考察了纳米TiO2与氟树脂用量、热处理温度等对涂层疏水性的影响,并分别用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测量仪观察和测试了涂层表面的微观结构及疏水性。结果表明,涂层表面的水接触角随着氟树脂用量的增加而增大,随纳米TiO2用量的增加呈先增后减的趋势。涂层的吸水率随着氟树脂用量的增加而减少,随纳米TiO2用量的增加呈先减后增的趋势。随着热处理温度的升高,涂层的水接触角先增后减,吸水率先减后增。最佳工艺条件是TiO2及氟树脂的质量分数分别为12%与40%,热处理温度170℃。此条件下得到的涂层表面具有微/纳二元粗糙结构,对水静态接触角达152°,为超疏水涂层,并具有优异的耐水、耐酸碱、耐洗刷、耐沾污及自清洁性能。     

短氟碳链含氟硅烷偶联剂及其疏水涂层的构建

以三氟丙基甲基环三硅氧烷(D3F)、二甲基氯硅烷、甲基二氯硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)为主要原料,通过阴离子开环聚合和硅氢加成反应合成了一系列短氟碳链含氟硅烷偶联剂。载玻片表面经纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂膜和硅烷偶联剂表面修饰得到疏水涂层。探究了不同硅烷偶联剂对于涂层疏水性、附着力、硬度、透过率等性能的影响。结果表明,同类型含氟硅烷偶联剂中氟含量越大,其修饰的涂层接触角越大;相似相对分子质量及氟含量情况下,直链型含氟硅烷偶联剂修饰的涂层疏水性优于支链型修饰的涂层。经含氟硅烷偶联剂修饰的疏水涂层中,接触角最大的是由聚合度为9的支链型含氟硅烷偶联剂(DF3)修饰的涂层,可达141.6°。疏水涂层的附着力均达1级,硬度均达H,可见光透过率高于82.9%,具有良好的自清洁性能。     

纳米二氧化硅改性超疏水性汽车蜡的研究

将表面修饰有高疏水链结构的纳米二氧化硅微粒加入到汽车蜡中,制备出了具有疏水性的纳米复合涂层,利用接触角测定仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了其性能。结果表明,当纳米微粒添加到5%时,涂层的接触角达到了150°以上,具有超疏水性,SEM观察了表面形貌。     

Surface and mechanical properties of an organic-inorganic super- hydrophobic coating using modified nano-SiO2 and mixing polyurethane emulsion as raw materials

A series of organic-inorganic super-hydrophobic coatings were prepared using nano-SiO₂ particles modified by fluorine and silicone coupling agents, and a mixing polyurethane emulsion as main raw materials. The mixing polyurethane emulsion was consisted of the polyurethane emulsion end-terminated by double bond (WPUD) and polyurethane emulsion modified by silicone (WPUS). The influence of content of modified nano-SiO₂ particles and the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD on microstructure and hydrophobicity of the coating surface were studied. The morphologies of coating surface were examined using SEM and AFM, hydrophobicity of the coating was researched by examining static water contact angle and so on. It was found that modified nano-SiO₂ particle was an indispensable factor during the preparation of super-hydrophobic coating. The roughness and hydrophobicity of the coating surface were enhanced obviously with an increase of the content of the modified nano-SiO₂ particles. When the content of the modified nano-SiO₂ particles increased up to 1.5%, the surface of coating possessed good super-hydrophobicity, and static water contact angle reached 169.1°. It was also noticed that the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD in the base layer has also an important influence on the hydrophobicity and mechanical property of coating surface. With an increase of the ratio of WPUS to WPUD the hydrophobicity of the coating was enhanced, the tensile strength and peel strength reduced, but the elongation at break increased. When the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD reaches up to 9/100, the static water contact angle reaches the maximum value of 169.1°.     

二氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的高温疏水改性及失效机制

SiO₂气凝胶隔热复合材料已经广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工等隔热保温领域,通过疏水改性可大幅拓展其应用场景。为了使SiO₂气凝胶隔热复合材料在更高温度仍保持良好的疏水性能,采用聚硅氧烷改性硅酸盐涂料对SiO₂气凝胶隔热复合材料进行表面刷涂疏水改性,然后研究了涂层厚度对裂纹扩张的影响以及涂层在高温下疏水性能的失效机制和刷涂改性前后复合材料的耐磨损性能。结果表明,当涂层厚度大约为13 μm时,所制备的涂层表面无裂纹,接触角可达(113±2)°,经450 ℃高温热处理1 800 s后接触角依然可以保持在105°左右,表现出良好的热稳定性,同时涂层显著提高了复合材料的耐磨损性能。     

Gradient and weather resistant hybrid super‐hydrophobic coating based on fluorinated epoxy resin

A weather resistant super‐hydrophobic coating that can offer good substrate adhesion and yet to be easily processed at large scale can be of practical use in emerging fields of self‐cleaning and anti‐icing paint, combing all these properties together remains challenging task. Here we describe a composite coating composed of a fluorinated epoxy resin emulsion with embedded in situ surface‐modified dual‐scale nano‐silica, which displayed durable super‐hydrophobicity and excellent adhesive strength. The as‐prepared coating possesses water contact angle of 158.6 ± 1°, sliding angle around 3.8 ± 0.2° which remain stable even under acidic/alkaline, heat/cool, and accelerated aging treatment. The results demonstrate that surface roughness had a micron‐ and nanometer scale distribution with increased particle loading beyond 40 wt %. Through quantitative comparison of surface Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) with bulk FT‐IR transmission spectra, a gradient coating with surface enrichment of hydrophobic groups was determined. The air‐side fluorinated polysiloxane‐rich layer endows coating with weather‐resistance and ultra‐hydrophobicity while bottom epoxy resin layer enhances substrate adhesion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40955.     

超疏水聚偏氟乙烯复合微孔膜的制备及性能

提出了一种超疏水聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）复合微孔膜的制备方法。以相转化法制备的PVDF膜为基膜,通过恒压过滤将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）沉积到PVDF基膜表面,再经聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）溶液修饰,可制得接触角达162°、滚动角约10°的PVDF复合微孔膜。用原子力显微镜和扫描电镜对膜表面进行结构分析,并测试了膜的接触角、气通量和机械强度等性能,考察了MWCNTs及PDMS浓度对膜结构和性能的影响。研究表明,CNTs在具有微米级粗糙度的基膜上强化了纳米结构,提高了膜的粗糙度,PDMS降低了膜的表面能,二者协同作用使复合膜的接触角大幅提高,滚动角显著下降。与高度疏水的PVDF基膜相比,PVDF复合膜的疏水性大幅提高,断裂伸长率加倍,在模拟海水真空膜蒸馏过程中,保持了较高的传质通量和截留率,具有更好的操作稳定性和抗污染性能。     

Influence of the coating method on the formation of superhydrophobic silicone–urea surfaces modified with fumed silica nanoparticles

Effect of the coating method on the formation of superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane–urea copolymer (TPSC) surfaces, modified by the incorporation of hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles was investigated. Four different coating methods employed were: (i) layer-by-layer spin-coating of hydrophobic fumed silica dispersed in an organic solvent onto TPSC films, (ii) spin-coating of silica–polymer mixture onto a glass substrate, (iii) spray coating of silica/polymer mixture by an air-brush onto a glass substrate, and (iv) direct coating of silica–polymer mixture by a doctor blade onto a glass substrate. Influence of the coating method, composition of the polymer/silica mixture and the number of silica layers applied on the topography and wetting behavior of the surfaces were determined. Surfaces obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), white light interferometry (WLI) and advancing and receding water contact angle measurements. It was demonstrated that superhydrophobic surfaces could be obtained by all methods. Surfaces obtained displayed hierarchical micro-nano structures and superhydrophobic behavior with static and advancing water contact angles well above 150° and fairly low contact angle hysteresis values.     

有机硅烷共缩合制备抗紫外超疏水减反射涂层

具有超疏水自洁功能的减反射涂层对太阳能光热组件在室外长期使用上有重要的意义,可以减少减反射涂层的清洗成本,延长减反射涂层的使用寿命。利用含有甲基和乙基等疏水基团的有机硅氧烷制备具有一定孔隙率的涂层,有望实现减反射和超疏水双重性能。本研究采用四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）和甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTES）共缩合,并利用甲氧基三甲基硅烷（MMS）进行羟基封端,制备了可以稳定两个月以上的均一溶胶。通过控制MTES和TMOS的水解工艺条件,采用浸渍提拉法制备了在400～800nm可见光波段平均透光率为97.06%、最高透光率为98.27%、水接触角为165°的超疏水减反射涂层,提出了MTES/TMOS/MMS溶胶的共缩合反应机理。涂层经过紫外耐久测试1080h后,涂层仍具有良好的减反射性能、疏水性和抗刻划强度,表现出良好的紫外耐久性。     

甲基三乙氧基硅烷改性硅溶胶及疏水性能研究

用甲基三乙氧基硅烷对硅溶胶进行疏水改性。研究了在不同温度下,不同甲基三乙氧基硅烷含量对硅溶胶的改性效果。用浸渍提拉法和自流法在玻璃表面制成了疏水膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱、差热-失质量测试仪及接触角测试仪等测试方法对疏水膜进行了检测分析及疏水性能的表征。结果表明:在40℃,有机硅单体质量分数为9%时,甲基三乙氧基硅烷改性硅溶胶相容性良好,在玻璃表面涂膜前后光学性能无明显变化,涂膜玻璃片表面的疏水性有了大幅的提高。     

Study on preparation and anticorrosive performance of a new high hydrophobic anticorrosive coating

Water-based anticorrosive coatings have poor water resistance, which easily lead to coating deterioration and metal corrosion. In order to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne coating, herein, the polytetrafluoroethylene/dimethyl siloxane/epoxy resin (PTFE/PDMS/EP) hydrophobic anticorrosive coating was prepared by layer-by-layer construction. The spatial structure and microscopic morphology of the hydrophobic coating were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed by hydrophobicity test, electrochemical polarization curve, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance test of the mixed layer, Tafel polarization curves, and AC impedance spectrum. The results showed that the water contact angle of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating reached 141° and the protection efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating was 98.62%. After soaking for 7 days, the corrosion process still stays at the initial stage, which was mainly due to the good sealing and barrier properties and high anticorrosion efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating. The coating has high corrosion protection efficiency and long service life, which is of great significance to metal corrosion protection in harsh marine environments.     

聚硅氧烷表面改性二氧化钛粒子及超疏水性能

为了提高二氧化钛的疏水性，解决无机二氧化钛填料在有机溶剂中的分散性、相容性等问题，采用含氟含氢乙烯基聚硅氧烷（F-PMHS）对二氧化钛粉体进行表面改性，得到具有超疏水性能的改性二氧化钛。通过FT-IR、TGA、SEM、接触角测试、沉降实验等方法研究改性后二氧化钛粒子的结构，测试其超疏水性能，分析超疏水表面形成的机理。结果表明，F-PMHS相对二氧化钛粉体质量分数仅为8%时，改性后二氧化钛粉末涂层与水的静态接触角即可达152.4°，具有良好的超疏水性能，且二氧化钛粒子在有机溶剂中的分散性与相容性得到显著提高。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PTFE/SiO2疏水涂层

以聚四氟乙烯乳液(PTFE)和纳米硅溶胶为主要原料通过溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃表面上制备了疏水涂层。水滴在表面的接触角达到126°。通过显微电镜观察涂层表面结构,发现涂层表面分布许多微米大小的乳突。聚四氟乙烯低的表面能和复合表面的微米乳突结构是涂层能形成良好疏水性能的原因。考察了聚乙烯醇对复合涂层疏水性的影响。