宏单元模式分级布图规划方法

本文提出一个新的宏单元模式分级布图规划方法.布图规划分三个阶段进行:芯片物理分级构造、布图规划和布图规划修正.主要特点包括:松弛对布图拓扑结构的约束、模块“自然”结群构造设计物理分级、采用解析方法求解面积规划问题、基于一个新的Steiner树算法求布线规划、包含模块面积估计和布线面积估计.实验结果表明提出的方法可以在满足不同形状和I/O设计目标的同时得到很高的芯片面积利用率.     

填充启发式算法的二维矩形排样问题

针对小矩形切割的二维排样问题,尤其是对玻璃或厚钢板等材料,在切割时定向一次性切割到头的排布.结合综合蚂蚁算法和模拟退火算法思想,提出了一种最低水平线与填充式算法相结合的启发式排样算法.通过对计算机上随机产生的实验数据进行模拟,实现了自动排样.实验表明,该算法提高了单次切割的材料利用率,得到较好的排样效果.     

面向软模块的稳定固定边框布图规划算法

该文提出一种稳定的面向软模块的固定边框布图规划算法。该算法基于正则波兰表达式(Normalized Polish Expression, NPE)表示,提出一种基于形状曲线相加和插值技术的计算NPE最优布图的方法,并运用模拟退火(Simulation Annealing, SA)算法搜索最优解。为了求得满足固定边框的布图解,提出一种基于删除后插入(Insertion After Delete, IAD)算子的后布图优化方法。对8个GSRC和MCNC电路的实验结果表明,所提出算法在1%空白面积率的边框约束下的布图成功率接近100%,在总线长上较已有文献有较大改进,且在求解速度上较同类基于SA的算法有较大优势。     

基于数据通路结构的FPGA编译系统策略

在基于FPGA的电路设计流程中,对电路规整性的利用将层致系统性能和布图效率的提高。针对现有的FPGA设计软件对电路属性,尤其是规整性和层次性,考虑不够,导致在实现数据通路（datapath)电路时性能欠佳的事实,文章提出了一种适合具有大量规整单元的电路的FPGA编译系统构架架。此CAD系统结构将充分考虑具有规整结构的电路单元的特殊性,从编译系统的输入部分入手,尽可能区分并区别对待普通逻辑与规整单元,以便优化规单元,以至整个电路系统的性能,最后,利用模拟退火的布图规划策略完成布图的迭代优化。     

未知环境下一种移动机器人实时最优路径规划方法研究

 针对未知环境下移动机器人的安全路径规划问题,提出一种基于改进神经网络和模拟退火算法相结合的方法.神经网络表示机器人的工作空间,通过BP反向算法学习外部环境结构特征和信息表示,进而优化障碍物神经网络的连接权值,利用模拟退火算法搜寻代价函数的负梯度方向,采用组合探测器来减小模拟退火算法搜索区域和应用后退策略及设置虚拟目标点的方法处理局部路径规划中出现的陷阱问题.仿真验证此方法有效性和正确性.     

基于微粒群和模拟退火的图像恢复研究

提出了一种基于微粒群和模拟退火的图像恢复算法.算法结合了微粒群优化快速的搜索能力和模拟退火算法良好的全局收敛性能的优点,能应用于不同类型退化图像的恢复.仿真结果表明,该算法可使图像恢复效果得到改进和提高,是一种有效的图像恢复方法.     

一种模拟“退火”的二维总体压缩算法

在集成电路版图设计中,对积木块模式布图进行总体压缩,可以改善最终布图的质量,然而,二维的总体压缩是个非常复杂与困难的问题。本文设计并实现了一个模拟退火的二维总体压缩算法,并且对它采取了一系列技术措施,使得它的算法复杂度可以接受。本文不仅提出了关于“布线区布线密度函数”的概念以准确地描述当布局移动时布线区动态的布线密度,而且通过使用密度函数保持约束图与动态布局之间的一致性。此外,还提出了将“均匀分布空闲空间”作为总体压缩的优化目标之一,以使得由于布线区布线容量不足而引起的溢出大大地减少了,并且优化过程的效率也将提高。实例表明,本算法既实用又有效。     

电子侦察卫星任务规划调度模型与算法研究

对电子侦察卫星任务规划模型及算法进行了研究。首先给出了规划预处理的基本方法,并在合理假设基础上建立起相应的数学模型;然后提出了电子侦察任务可能冲突判断、冲突任务集分割及电子侦察任务冲突执行度等方法及概念,针对遗传算法及模拟退火算法各自的优缺点,设计了一种基于冲突消解的遗传模拟退火算法对问题进行求解;最后通过实例将该算法与普通遗传算法（GA）相比较,结果表明该算法的规划效果比GA更好。     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的DNA多序列比对研究

针对生物信息学中DNA多序列比对问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法和模拟退火算法相结合的求解算法:在遗传模拟退火算法中,利用模拟退火算法针对遗传算子进行改进来提高算法的效率,由遗传算法进行全局搜索,模拟退火算法用于局部寻优,防止遗传算法的早熟收敛。通过与经典比对算法ClustalX和经典遗传算法进行比对研究,结果表明该算法是有效的。     

混合模拟退火算法解决VLSI布局问题

VLSI布局问题是集成电路物理设计过程中的关键步骤，它直接影响整个设计的成败。Slicing结构是一种简单而高效的布局表示方法，采用正则波兰表达式编码，将模拟退火与禁忌搜索算法结合形成了一种以模拟退火算法为基础的混合算法进行求解，用MCNC benchmarks进行实验，结果表明：文章提出的混合算法比模拟退火算法在求解效率和质量上都有较大的提高。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks