基于UML模型和OCL约束的类间交互测试用例生成方法研究

 面向对象所具有的类、封装、继承、动态连接等特性,使得面向对象测试步骤的划分以及测试策略的选择有别于传统的测试思想.本文针对面向对象软件的特点,采用基于模型的软件测试方法,对UML(United Model Language)设计模型中的顺序图添加OCL(Object Constraints Language)约束,做类间交互的软件测试.本文提出执行图EG生成算法,将顺序图SD转换为执行图EG,解决UML2.0顺序图新增特性中的alt、loop、opt、break四种常见组合片段及其嵌套和多态性问题;为得到最小完备的测试路径,本文提出了EG的遍历策略和测试路径生成算法;最后,根据测试路径确定测试场景,并删除无效场景,生成测试用例.经实验验证,此方法可以基于UML顺序图与OCL约束进行系统地测试.     

一个基于UML协作图的集成测试用例生成方法

UML协作图描述了系统的一个协作过程中参与对象之间的结构关系和交互行为,确认它们是否被正确实现是集成测试的工作.本文提出了一个基于UML协作图生成集成测试用例的方法,将表示设计的协作图作为测试模型,首先通过遍历每条消息的直接后继识别协作图中的表示用例实现的所有可能的场景路径,然后在遍历每条场景路径的过程中获取相应协作执行的路径条件、参数变量和预期方法调用序列,最后使用范畴-划分方法确定场景路径上的输入、输出、环境条件的合理组合作为覆盖该场景路径的测试用例,用于测试一个协作场景路径上的交互行为.该方法,集成了白盒方法和黑盒方法,在覆盖所有的测试需求的前提下,生成的测试用例较少.     

基于遗传算法的UML活动图测试用例优化研究

测试用例的选择在软件测试中十分重要,良好的测试用例可以减少时间和资源的使用,因此提出了一种基于遗传算法的UML活动图自动生成测试用例的算法。通过建立UML活动图模型,将活动图转换为有向图,然后采用深度优先搜索方法获得测试路径,应用遗传算法优化得到测试路径。该算法可以提供优先需要测试的路径,用于自动生成高质量的测试用例,提高测试任务的工作效率。     

基于UML活动图的测试用例生成方法设计

传统的软件测试主要依赖人工来产生测试用例,易出错、完备性差、自动化程度低。为了提高测试的完备性和自动化程度,基于模型的测试越来越受到人们的关注,这种方法的优点在于可以及早的发现缺陷,缩短开发时间。文章提出一种基于统一建模语言（Unified Modeling Language,UML）活动图模型生成测试用例的方法,结合实例重点介绍测试路径生成的具体步骤。根据该方法生成的测试用例,可以自动生成测试路径,提高了测试的完备性和自动化程度。     

测试用例自动生成方法研究与实现

测试用例的生成工作是指选定被测任务、分析输入数据、确定其取值、并分析对应的输出数据。软件测试数据生成在软件系统开发费用中占很大比重,如果该过程能自动实现,则会极大地减少软件开发的周期和费用。介绍一种测试用例自动生成的链方法,这种测试技术,结合插装技术及目标跟踪方法,能有效生成测试用例,从而提高了测试效率。     

基于组合模型的高效黑盒测试用例设计

测试用例的选择和生成技术是软件测试尤其是黑盒测试中一个重要研究领域.测试用例的质量将影响软件测试的科学性和有效性.组合模型是一种应用十分广泛的软件黑盒测试模型,在一般测试用例选择方法基础上,结合典型应用提出了一种基于组合模型的高效黑盒测试用例设计方法.该方法产生的测试用例具有数量少,能实现组合模型中参数间最大限度组合的特点,从而提高软件测试质量的同时.降低成本,提高效率.     

带丢包Markov切换线性系统的状态估计问题研究

针对一类带丢包的Markov切换系统,提出一种含有双Markov切换参数的交互式多模型算法.该算法利用一个二态的Markov链对系统是否丢包进行建模,得到双Markov链系统,通过定义乘积集将两个Markov切换参数所对应的模型集进行融合,并给出单个模型集中各模型与乘积集中各模型的对应关系.在此基础上,以交互式多模型算法为框架,采用分层的方法,并利用一种新的最优估计算法对双Markov链系统进行滤波.仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性.     

一种自动化测试技术的研究与实现

软件测试是保证软件质量的重要手段.随着软件产业的快速发展,手工测试已经不能满足软件测试的需要.然而,不能自动化生成测试用例和测试脚本又已经成为阻碍自动化测试的主要原因.因此本文提出了一种自动化测试技术,由数据库管理每个要素的测试用例,采用一种"分步组合法"组合测试场景中每个要素的测试用例,快速而覆盖面比较均匀地生成被测场景的所有测试用例,并通过模板技术自动生成测试用例对应的测试脚本,从而大大提高测试效率.最后,通过实际应用验证了该技术的可行性.     

一种基于高阶Markov使用模型的测试用例自动生成方法

为了解决基于单纯马尔可夫使用模型测试用例生成不稳定、测试充分性判定不精确的问题,在分析现有测试用例自动生成方法的基础上,提出一种改进的高阶马尔可夫测试模型,并依据此模型,提出改进的基于快速轮盘赌的二分查找测试用例生成方法和基于相对熵的测试充分性判定方法。实践表明,改进后的方法有效地提高了测试用例生成的稳定性和测试充分性判定的精确性,与原有方法比较更适合大规模软件的测试,提高了大规模软件自动化测试的效率。     

基于UML集成测试模型的生成方法

UML中的状态图和通信图可共同作为生成测试用例的模型,用于集成测试用例的生成.在通信转换的基础上采用深度和广度搜索得到没有冗余的组合状态图,提出一种形式化组合状态图中组合状态的方法,使集成测试模型更加简单,实验结果表明易于生成集成测试用例.     

Approximate sensitivity analysis for acyclic Markov reliability models

Acyclic Markov chains are frequently used for reliability analysis of nonmaintained mission-critical computer-based systems. Since traditional sensitivity (or importance) analysis using Markov chains can be computationally expensive, an approximate approach is presented which is easy to compute and which performs quite well in test cases. This approach is presented in terms of a Markov chain which is used for solving a dynamic fault-tree, but the approach applies to any acyclic Markov reliability model.     

Quantitative Reliability Evaluation of Repairable Phased-Mission Systems Using Markov Approach

A quantitative reliability model for a phased mission system is developed using a Markov process. Two cases for the mission-phase change times are assumed: 1) to be known in advance and 2) to be random variables. A method of solution is presented and illustrated by examples. The solution of phased-mission systems is equivalent to solving a sequence of uni-phase systems with appropriate initial conditions.     

A methodology for reliability analysis in health networks

A reliability model for a health care domain based on requirement analysis at the early stage of design of regional health network (RHN) is introduced. RHNs are considered as systems supporting the services provided by health units, hospitals, and the regional authority. Reliability assessment in health care domain constitutes a field-of-quality assessment for RHN. A novel approach for predicting system reliability in the early stage of designing RHN systems is presented in this paper. The uppermost scope is to identify the critical processes of an RHN system prior to its implementation. In the methodology, Unified Modeling Language activity diagrams are used to identify megaprocesses at regional level and the customer behavior model graph (CBMG) to describe the states transitions of the processes. CBMG is annotated with: 1) the reliability of each component state and 2) the transition probabilities between states within the scope of the life cycle of the process. A stochastic reliability model (Markov model) is applied to predict the reliability of the business process as well as to identify the critical states and compare them with other processes to reveal the most critical ones. The ultimate benefit of the applied methodology is the design of more reliable components in an RHN system. The innovation of the approach of reliability modeling lies with the analysis of severity classes of failures and the application of stochastic modeling using discrete-time Markov chain in RHNs.     

Reliability analysis of recovery blocks with nested clusters offailure points

A Markov model is developed to obtain first and second moments of the number of successfully processed input-points for recovery blocks with a primary module and two alternate modules. A nested structure of clusters of failure points is assumed. When in a failure cluster of the primary module, the input sequence encounters clusters of failure points belonging to the first alternate module, in which case the second alternate is invoked. Some special cases are discussed in detail. A Markov chain model for one of the well-documented fault-tolerant software techniques, the recovery block, is analyzed. The model is intended to study recovery block reliability when the sequence of input values traverses nested clusters of failure points in the input domain. The method of solution exploited the specific structure of the state-transition diagram, which is two-dimensional. Moments of the number of successfully processed input points were obtained by recursively solving infinite systems of linear equations     

激光照射指示器整机性能检测方法研究

根据激光末端制导的工作原理,分析了激光照射指示器的性能指标,提出了各性能指标的数字化检测方法。采用模拟回波和精密延时电路检测照射能力、用CCD采集激光光斑测试激光束散角,实现了整机性能的数字化检测。能够测量每个照射周期各激光脉冲的能量、脉冲间隔、频率精度等参数,并在同一脉冲序列图中绘出波形。给出了电路框图、光路图和数据处理的方法。采用的四通道结构和上位机与下位机串行通讯的措施,减小了仪器的体积,提高了硬件的模块化结构和软件的可靠性与可视化程度。     

Determination of Reliability Parameters of a Digital Multiplex Frame Strategy Using Markov Chains and a State Reduction Method

This paper discusses the analysis of a digital multiplex framing strategy to determine certain reliability parameters for the frame synchronization system. The only model found suitable for determining the desired parameters is a Markov chain with ~ 5 × 105 states. To make meaningful calculations using this Markov chain, a state reduction method is employed. This method makes possible a determination of mean time between failures, availability, and several other parameters as a function of channel error rate. The model and analysis are applied to a framing strategy of greater complexity than those reported in the literature. The analysis makes it possible to include several effects, such as channel errors during the frame search operation, which are not possible with other methods.     

一种智能卡电性能可靠性的测试方法

随着智能卡以其自身高效、安全、便捷的特点在众多领域的应用,人们对其可靠性的要求也越来越高,因此有效的可靠性测试显得尤为重要.本文主要以接触式智能卡为例针对智能卡可靠性测试的一方面--电性能测试提出一种方便可行的测试方法.该方法在总结智能卡测试方法标准ISO/IEC10373的基础上,改进了相关测试项测试方法,根据实际情况补充了漏灌电流测试并详细说明其测试方法.根据测试需要设计了电性能全覆盖测试的程序,自动生成电性能测试报告.     

Generic Fault Tolerant Software Architecture Reasoning and Customization

This paper proposes a novel heterogeneous software architecture GFTSA (Generic Fault Tolerant Software Architecture) which can guide the development of safety critical distributed systems. GFTSA incorporates an idealized fault tolerant component concept, and coordinated error recovery mechanism in the early system design phase. It can be reused in the high level model design of specific safety critical distributed systems with reliability requirements. To provide precise common idioms & patterns for the system designers, formal language Object-Z is used to specify GFTSA. Formal proofs based on Object-Z reasoning rules are constructed to demonstrate that the proposed GFTSA model can preserve significant fault tolerant properties. The inheritance & instantiation mechanisms of Object-Z can contribute to the customization of the GFTSA formal model. By analyzing the customization process, we also present a template of GFTSA, expressed in x-frames using the XVCL (XML-based Variant Configuration Language) methodology to make the customization process more direct & automatic. We use an LDAS (Line Direction Agreement System) case study to illustrate that GFTSA can guide the development of specific safety critical distributed systems.