三次采油用重烷基苯磺酸盐驱油性能研究

在三次采油中,驱油用表面活性剂是重要的使用材料之一,而重烷基苯磺酸盐作为常用的驱油用表面活性剂,其驱油性能对采油效果产生直接的影响,因此,着重研究了重烷基苯磺酸盐的驱油性能,为实际应用及采油效率的提升提供参考。     

低渗透油层表面活性剂胶束溶液驱乳化性能研究

针对当前我国低渗透油藏3次开采的需求,结合当前的表面活性剂的相关理论,构建了一种新型的胶束溶液驱油体系。为制备该驱油体系,以非表面活性剂、阴离子活性剂和两性离子活性作为筛选对象,以异丁醇、乙二醇等作为助表面活性剂,以乳化率和界面张力等作为指标,对其性能进行评价,最终得到磺基甜菜碱4%+异丁醇2%(wt)的驱油体系在驱油效率、乳化性等方面,都有着明显的优势。     

表面活性剂界面性能对辽河油田锦16块原油驱油效率影响研究

化学复合驱油技术是通过降低油水界面张力,改善驱替相的粘度来提高原油采收率。表面活性剂的界面性能是其驱油特性的主要参数。对六种表面活性剂进行了单剂界面活性、复合体系界面活性评价、复合体系增粘性评价,并利用三层非均质模型开展物理模拟实验,评价并比较不同表面活性剂的驱油能力。30 min内达到超低界面张力并快速拉断的表面活性剂,驱油效率最高;30 min内界面张力达到10-2并快速拉断的表面活性剂,驱油效率较高;30 min内能刚刚达到超低界面张力,但2 h内界面张力不再变化的表面活性剂驱油效率最低。实验结果表明,复合体系界面张力数量级、界面张力降低速度、油滴断开时间对提高采收率有较大影响。     

专利信息

一种驱油用阴离子表面活性剂的制备方法;一种驱油用表面活性剂、配方体系及其在三次采油中的应用;一种三次采油用高效阴离子型表面活性剂的制备方法;一种利用生物表面活性剂的采油方法;一种表面活性剂及在采油工艺中的配方体系.     

驱油用表面活性剂及其吸附特性的研究进展

提高原油采收率是实现我国能源稳产增产的重要保障,其中以表面活性剂为主剂的化学驱油技术是一种潜力巨大的提高采收率方法。从驱油用表面活性剂的分类出发,详细介绍了不同种类表面活性剂的物化特征及其驱油特性的优缺点,主要包括广泛使用的阴离子、两性和非离子表面活性剂以及新兴的双子表面活性剂等。随着石油行业需求的不断变化,低成本、高效能、绿色的新型表面活性剂已成为未来发展的主要趋势。在驱油过程中表面活性剂的吸附损耗使得溶液中表面活性剂的有效浓度下降,导致驱油效率大大降低。因此,进一步重点综述了驱油用表面活性剂固液界面吸附特性的研究进展,其中吸附等温线模型主要用于评价恒温条件下表面活性剂在固液界面上的吸附量与吸附平衡后表面活性剂浓度的关系,而吸附动力学模型可用于评估吸附速率与时间的关系,揭示表面活性剂吸附的深层机制。为了更佳全面准确地描述表面活性剂吸附特性,有必要联合使用多种吸附模型,也需要发展新型的模型。     

沙7区块聚/表二元体系驱油效果研究

研究了表面活性剂对原油/水界面张力、乳化作用以及对岩石润湿性的影响,开展了表面活性剂和聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系提高低渗透油藏石油采收率的实验研究。结果表明,超低界面张力是影响石油采收率的重要因素,具有良好乳化性能的驱油体系能起到更好的驱油效果,聚合物/表面活性剂二元驱油体系具有更高的提高石油采收率的效能。     

聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合体系特性评价

利用物理模拟实验,针对多种表面活性剂进行界面特性筛选,以找出适合大庆油田的二元体系用表面活性剂。实验表明,SHSA-HN2表面活性剂能够有效降低界面张力,比石油磺酸盐SS降低界面张力的能力要强。并且SHSA-HN2二元体系的粘度和弹性均高于石油磺酸盐ss二元体系。从驱油效果实验可以看出,SHSA-HN2表面活性剂二元体系的驱油效果比单独聚合物驱提高3.8个百分点,SHSA-HN2表面活性剂二元体系的驱油效果与石油磺酸盐ss二元体系相比,石油采收率提高2.3%。SHSA-HN2表面活性剂二元体系在大庆油田上具有较好的驱油效率,该实验结果对于大庆油田二元驱具有实际意义。     

专利文献

一种碱-混合表面活性剂-聚合物的三元复合驱油体系及其应用;一种碱（盐）-混合表面活性剂-聚合物的复合驱油体系及其应用;三次采油用的复合表面活性剂及其应用。     

无碱二元复合驱中表面活性剂对驱油效果的影响

表面活性剂在无碱二元驱油体系中可以促使残余油启动,扩大波及体积,提高微观驱油效率。本文研究了无碱二元驱油体系中表面活性剂通过改变界面张力、毛管力和吸附浓度对驱油效果的影响。结合前期室内实验和大庆油田萨中西区一类油层试验区矿场试验数据,配合使用化学驱模拟软件ChemEOR,建立9注16采理想模型进行无碱二元复合驱数值模拟。通过改变表面活性剂浓度改变界面张力、毛管力和表面活性剂吸附浓度,分析含水率、累产油和采出程度,从而得到无碱二元驱油体系中界面张力、毛管力和表面活性剂吸附浓度对驱油效果的影响。研究结果表明,无碱二元复合体系中适宜的表面活性剂界面张力为10-3数量级,表面活性剂作用下改变毛管力对驱油效果影响不明显,表面活性剂吸附浓度为0.25wt%时驱油效果最好。     

表面活性剂驱油机理分析及现状研究

表面活性剂是一种高界面活性化学剂,具有降低油水界面张力的特性。应用表面活性剂驱油能够有效地提高洗油效率,实现提高采收率的目的,但据现场试验表明,表面活性剂在地下储层驱替过程中,常会出现见水快、稳油效果差等现象。在驱替过程中,表面活性剂驱油效果受到温度、矿化度、浓度、药剂类型等因素影响,且由于岩石吸附作用会造成大量表面活性剂的损失。因此,基于表面活性剂驱在油田开发上的实际效果,归纳了表面活性剂对储层物性的改善方式,分析了表面活性剂驱油及吸附的机理,针对表面活性剂驱油现状,为油田实际生产提供参考性建议。     

表面活性剂在石油工程中的应用研究进展

表面活性剂在石油工程的油气钻井、开采及储运中均有很广泛的应用。综述了表面活性剂在石油工程中的研究及应用现状,由于国内一些大型油气藏已到开采后期,油田采收率较低,利用表面活性剂可以提高采收率。高分子类型的表面活性剂既能提高波及系数,又能提高洗油效率,是很好的驱油助剂。目前不少油田在开采低渗透油藏以及页岩油气藏,压裂液助剂的开发研究是现在及将来的一个研究热点。     

Progress in research of sulfobetaine surfactants used in tertiary oil recovery

The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants and their application in tertiary oil recovery (TOR) are summarized in this paper. The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants was classified into three categories of single hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants, double hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants for review. Their application in TOR was classified into surfactant flooding, microemulsion flooding, surfactant/polymer (SP) flooding and foam flooding for review. The sulfonated betaine surfactants have good temperature resistance and salt tolerance, low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration (γ_cmc), good foaming properties and wettability, low absorption, ultralow interfacial tension of oil/water, and excellent compatibility with other surfactants and polymers. Sulfobetaine surfactants with ethoxyl structures, hydroxyl and unsaturated bonds, and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants will become an important direction for tertiary oil recovery because they have better interfacial activity in high-temperature (≥90°C) and high-salinity (≥10⁴ mg/L) reservoirs. Some problems existing in the synthesis and practical application were also reviewed.     

三元复合驱乳化作用对提高采收率影响研究

通过系统的室内实验 ,研究了不同机械搅拌力、不同含水率条件下 ,表面活性剂、碱、聚合物组成的一元、三元溶液与原油的乳化能力、形成乳化液的类型、稳定性和相关性质 ,揭示了影响三元复合驱乳化的主要因素是油水比、化学剂类型及浓度、外力 ,且上述各种因素是综合起作用的。同时揭示了大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验中井口采出液乳化产生的原因。乳化携带及乳化调剖等乳化作用是三元复合驱提高洗油效率、扩大波及体积的机理之一。通过室内物理模拟实验 ,得出三元复合驱原油乳化调整了层间、层内矛盾及三元复合驱原油乳化 ,在一定条件下有利于提高采收率的结论     

Effect of oil viscosity on recovery processes in relation to foam flooding

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of oil viscosity on the oil-recovery efficiency in porous media. The pure surfactants (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate and various alkyl alcohols) were selected to correlate the molecular and surface properties of foaming solutions with viscosity, and the recovery of oil. Oil-displacement efficiency was measured by water, surfactant-solution and foam-flooding processes, which included 2 types of foams (i.e., air foam and steam foam). A significant increase in heavy-oil recovery was observed by steam foam flooding compared with that by air foam flooding, whereas for light oils, the steam foam and air foam produced about the same oil recovery. An attempt was made to correlate the chain-length compatibility with the surface properties of the foaming agents and oil-recovery efficiency in porous media. For mixed foaming systems (C₁₂ SO₄ Na + C_n H_2n+1 OH), a minimum in surface tension, a maximum in surface viscosity, a minimum in bubble size and a maximum in oil recovery were observed when both components of the foaming system had the same chain length. These results were explained on the basis of thermal motions (i.e., vibrational, rotational and oscillational) and the molecular packing of surfactants at the gas-liquid interface. The effects of chain-length compatibility and the surface properties of mixed surfactants are relevant to the design of surfactant formulations for oil recovery under given reservoir conditions.     

表面活性剂驱油效率的影响因素研究

在83℃下测定了3种表面活性剂DL-S、HL-Y/NNR、GZ-16的油水界面张力、乳化能力以及改变油藏岩石润湿性的能力。利用低渗透岩心驱油实验研究表面活性剂的这3种特性对驱油效率的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂的浓度在1 000 mg/L时,DL-S的油水界面张力达到10-3mN/m超低数量级,HL-Y/NNR表现出较为优越的乳化性能,GZ-16具有较好的润湿性能。在驱油实验中,具有最好乳化性能的HL-Y/NNR提高采收率的幅度最大为12.91%,其次为具有超低界面张力的DL-S,相较而言,改变润湿性的能力对驱油效率的影响最小。     

The development of heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam with betaine surfactants

A modified instrument was designed to evaluate foam properties under high temperature and pressure. The type and molar ratio of betaine surfactants were screened to develop the heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam for Tahe oilfield (130°C, 220 g/L), and the effects of temperature and pressure on foam properties were also investigated. The synergism between surfactants and the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of foam flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs were studied. Experimental results showed the developed foam had excellent foaming ability and foam stability when the lauramidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine (LHSB): erucic amide propyl betaine (EAB) molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 (initial foam volume was 392 ml when the molar ratio was 1:1, drainage half-time was 5.75 min and foam half-time was 72 min when the molar ratio was 1:2 at 130°C and 2 MPa). The synergistic effect was found to reach its maximum when the LHSB:EAB molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 according to interaction parameters, which agreed with the results of foam properties. Foam stability was found to considerably increase with increasing pressure, but decrease with increasing temperature. However, temperature and pressure were found to have consistent effects on foaming ability, that is, the foaming ability increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The flooding test showed foam flooding exhibited better sweep efficiency and higher recovery ratio in the fractured-vuggy model than gas flooding and water flooding. This could be because injected foam did not channel through the top (or bottom) path due to its high viscosity and moderate density.     

减缓低渗透储层贾敏效应的方法研究

目前，低渗透油藏在各大油田分布广泛，其石油储量占未开发石油总量的比重较大。贾敏效应是导致低渗透油藏难以开采、采收率低的一个重要影响因素。采用贾敏指数来评价贾敏损害程度，制取了三种非离子表面活性剂JN-1、JN-2和JN-3，通过筛选得知JN-3降低油水界面张力的能力最强。根据贾敏效应产生的机理以及水井转抽机理，开展了减缓贾敏效应的室内试验研究，结果表明，针对性地向注入水中加入非离子表面活性剂JN-3，可以降低油水界面张力，同时适时地采用水井转抽逆向驱油来增大驱动压差，有效地抑制和减缓了贾敏效应，提高原油采收率。     

Synthesis,Characterization, Surface and Biological Activity of Diquaternary Cationic Surfactants Containing Ester Linkage

Two series of diquaternary cationic surfactants designated as E9Nm and E11Nm having two different alkyl chains in their chemical structure were synthesized. The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR and ¹H‐NMR spectra. The surface activities of the different surfactants were determined using surface and interfacial tension at 25 °C. The surface parameters including: critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The surface activities of the cationic surfactants were correlated with their chemical structure. The surface activities of the surfactants increased with increasing the hydrophobic chain length. The adsorption and micellization tendencies of the surfactants in solution were determined using the free energies of adsorption and micellization. The synthesized surfactants were evaluated as biocides against bacteria and fungi. Biocidal activity data showed that a gradual increase in the hydrophobic chain length of the surfactant molecules gradually increases the efficiency of these surfactants as biocides.     

阴—阳离子表面活性剂复配研究与应用

综合介绍了阴－阳离子表面活性剂复配体系在各种物化性能的增效效应,例如降低表面张力的效能,表面张力的效率,降低临界胶束浓度的能力,改善表面吸附的能力,以及这些增效效应在去污,增溶,泡沫,润湿,乳化等方面的应用。讨论了提高阴－阳离子表面活性剂之间的可配伍性之对策,诸如采用非等摩尔比复配,在离子型表面活性剂中引入聚乙烯链及加入非离子或两性表面活性剂进行调节等手段以优化配方性能和提高综合经济效益。总结了阴－阳离子表面活性剂复配体系用于洗涤用品的可行性配方技术,即采取无机助剂,水溶性有机高聚物或非离子表面活性剂包裹阳离子表面活性剂的措施。     

Synthesis,Physico-Chemical Properties and Enhanced Oil Recovery Flooding Evaluation of Novel Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants

In this work, a novel series of zwitterionic gemini surfactants with different hydrophobic tails were synthesized and characterized. The physico‐chemical properties of these products (such as surface tension, oil/water interfacial tension, foaming ability, and the wetting ability of paraffin‐coated sandstone) were fully studied. The CMC of the synthesized surfactants ranged from 2.17 × 10^?4 mol L^?1 to 5.36 × 10^?4 mol L^?1 and corresponding surface tension (γ_CMC) ranged from 26.49 mN m^?1 to 29.06 mN m^?1, which showed excellent efficiency among the comparison surfactants. All the products can reduce the interfacial tension to a relatively low level of about 0.1–1.0 mN m^?1. Additionally, results from applying different hydrocarbons suggested that the synergy will be clearer and oil/water interfacial tension will be lower if the oil components are similar to the surfactants. Contact angle and foaming measurements indicated that the surfactants exhibited good wetting and foaming abilities. The results of oil flooding experiments using an authentic sandstone microscopic model showed that C‐12 and CA‐12 could effectively improve the displacement efficiency by 21–29 %.