N-Cr-Co-W—Mo—Ta—B合金钎料的特性

采用超声气体雾化法制备了N-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金粉．利用SEM研究了合金粉的微观形貌和化学成分分布;利用DSC分析了合金粉的熔化特性;采用热轧工艺制备N-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金柔性布作为中间层合金．测定了TLP连接镍基高温合金后试样在室温下的断裂强度和1010℃／248MPa下的持久寿命．结果表明,N-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金粉呈规则的球形,化学成分均匀,其完全熔化温度为1127℃;TLP连接镍基高温合金后在室温下的断裂强度和1010℃／248MPa下的持久寿命与母材相当．     

急冷Ni-Cr-B合金箔带钎料的制备及其可焊性

采用液态急冷单辊法制备了急冷Ni-Cr-B中间合金箔带。利用DSC ,XRD和SEM等方法对急冷Ni-Cr-B合金箔带的固液相线的温度 ,结构及成分分布进行了研究。利用液态金属表面张力仪测定了急冷Ni-Cr-B合金箔带在镍基高温合金上的润湿性。并采用此中间合金对镍基高温合金进行了瞬态液相连接 (TLPBonding) ,测定了连接后的试棒在 10 10℃ / 2 48MPa下的持久寿命。结果表明 ,制备的Ni-Cr -B合金箔带成分均匀 ,熔点适于TLP连接。液态钎料对镍基高温合金基体具有良好的润湿性。采用这种中间合金对镍基高温合金进行TLP连接后的接头持久性能接近于母材     

Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-B合金钎料的制备及其可焊性

采用超声气体雾化法制备了Ni—Cr—Co—W—Mo—B中间合金钎料，利用XRD，DSC和SEM分析了钎料的微观结构、固液相线的温度及瞬态液相(TLP)连接接头的成分。研制的液态钎料对镍基高温合金基体具有良好的润湿性。连接后的试棒在1073K下的拉伸强度为1123MPa，1283K／248MPa下的持久寿命为43h.TLP连接后经固溶时效处理，接头区域的成分和组织与基体一致，性能与母材相当.     

K452合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用钴基钎料及镍基合金粉料,在1 170℃保温60 min的钎焊工艺下,对K452镍基铸造高温合金进行了45°坡口对接试样真空钎焊实验,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了接头显微组织观察与物相,并进行了钎焊接头的高温性能测试。实验结果表明,钎焊接头界面结合良好,钎缝组织主要以固溶体为主,钎料组织填充于镍基合金粉颗粒间并存在小块状白色化合物,细小颗粒状化合物弥散分布于合金粉填料颗粒内部;钎焊接头900℃抗拉强度达到400 MPa,900℃/100 MPa持久寿命为133 h37 min。     

Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金钎料的微观结构和润湿性

利用SEM和XRD研究了Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金粉末钎料的微观结构,利用润湿测量系统研究了Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金熔体在镍基高温合金基片上的润湿行为。结果表明,Ni-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-B合金由M23B6和镍基固溶体γ相组成,合金粉末呈球形,颗粒的剖面呈树枝状形态;合金熔体在1140℃和1160℃润湿镍基高温合金基片时,具有良好的润湿性。     

纯净化制备对DZ125L合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过普通熔炼和纯净化工艺分别制备不同O,N,S,P等杂质元素含量的定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ125L。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等方法对不同杂质元素含量合金的微观组织进行观察和分析,并测定不同合金的拉伸、持久、蠕变、疲劳等性能。研究结果表明,纯净化制备方法可以进一步降低DZ125L合金中O、N、S、P的含量,使各杂质元素含量均由0.0010%左右降至0.0005%以下,合金纯净度得到改善;随着合金纯净度的提高,合金中疏松和夹杂物的含量进一步降低;纯净化工艺制备的DZ125L合金室温及760℃、850℃和980℃下的抗拉强度和屈服强度得到一定改善,合金760℃/800MPa、850℃/560MPa及980℃/250MPa的持久寿命得到提升,而1040℃/150MPa持久寿命变化不大;随着杂质元素含量的降低,DZ125L合金950℃不同应力下的蠕变变形速度减缓,而760℃高周拉压疲劳寿命得到较大提升。     

熔体过热处理对DD98镍基单晶高温合金持久性能的影响

研究了在不同熔体过热处理条件下一种镍基单晶高温合金的高温持久性能,并观察了持久断裂后的断口及变形组织。结果表明:随着熔体处理温度的提高和保温时间的加长,γ’筏型组织的完善程度增加,厚度减小;断口上韧窝数量、尺寸、形状均不同,显示出韧性断裂特征;热处理态单晶高温合金在1010℃,248 MPa下的高温持久寿命有大幅度提高、高温伸长率增加38.9%。     

过滤净化对K4169合金二次返回料力学性能的影响

采用泡沫陶瓷过滤器对K4169镍基高温合金二次返回料进行净化处理,测试了合金的室温力学性能和中温持久寿命。结果表明,采用多块过滤器组合净化K4169合金二次返回料,显著提高了合金的力学性能,尤其是中温持久寿命,在650℃/620 MPa下的持久寿命从0.17h提高到20.5h以上。结果表明,过滤净化可有效滤除合金中10μm以上的夹杂物,显著减少显微缩松缺陷。     

微量元素B对高W、Cr镍基高温合金性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼技术制备不同B含量的高W、Cr镍基高温合金,测定了合金的持久性能和力学性能,研究了B含量对合金的持久性能和拉伸力学性能的影响。采用SEM和XRD对合金进行了微观形貌观察和相组成分析。结果表明,铸态合金中存在大量的α-W相,热处理后合金中α-W相溶入基体,仅在晶界区域存在少量的α-W相。B可提高合金在980℃、83 MPa下的持久寿命。室温条件下,随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度降低,塑性提高。900℃条件下,随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度稍有提高。室温条件下B对晶界的强化作用要小于高温条件下的强化作用。     

Pt对镍基单晶高温合金持久性能的影响

研究了不同Pt含量的镍基单晶高温合金在1100℃,180 MPa和1000℃,310 MPa条件下的持久性能,采用SEM和TEM等方法分析了Pt对合金持久变形组织和位错形态的影响.结果表明,Pt略微降低了合金在1100℃,180 MPa条件下的持久寿命,较大降低了合金在1000℃,310 MPa条件下的持久寿命.不同Pt含量的合金在不同条件的持久断裂均表现为塑性断裂,断口附近可以观察到大量的微孔洞和微裂纹.不同Pt含量合金持久变形后均在g/g'界面上形成致密的位错网.Pt对合金持久性能影响的主要原因在于Pt促进了TCP相的形成,而TCP相与基体界面吸收大量变形过程中产生的空位而导致孔洞形核,随着变形的继续孔洞成为裂纹源.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。