层间增韧复合材料在静压痕力下的损伤阴抗和渐进损伤分析

在复合材料层合板层间植入韧性层是提高复合材料韧性和抗冲击能力的有效方法.为了研究层间增韧对层合板损伤损伤阻抗的改善作用,文中通过准静态压痕试验研究间增韧复合材料在准静态压痕力的损伤和破坏行为,利用超声C扫描测量分层损伤面积.试验结果表明,层间增韧复合材料具有较高的分层起始载荷和分层起始能量,损伤阻抗显著提高.在相同的载荷水平下,具有较小的分层损伤面积.文中还采用有限元方法对层间增韧复合材料在静压痕力下的分层和铺层失效进行数值分析,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

基于内聚单元的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了一套有限元模型来预测复合材料正交层合板由低速冲击载荷引起的层间应力及损伤。采用连续壳单元模拟层合板的各个单层,在复合材料层合板的可能损伤区域设置内聚单元模拟面内基体裂纹和层间分层损伤的起始和扩展。引入层间摩擦力模型模拟层间压缩应力对分层损伤的抑制作用。对于正交层合板,有限元模型准确的模拟了低速冲击载荷引起的分层损伤的面积和形状。数值模拟结果也表明面内基体裂纹与层间分层存在着相互作用关系,基体裂纹影响着分层损伤预测的准确性。有限元模拟结果和试验结果的对比表明,基于内聚单元的有限元模型可以用在复合材料正交层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟中。     

含分层复合材料层合板剪切屈曲的实验研究

对含分层损伤的复合材料层合板在纯剪切条件下进行屈曲试验,并通过对试验载荷-应变曲线及损伤形貌的分析以及试验结果和有限元模拟结果的比较,得出复合材料层合板预制分层损伤面积对其剪切屈曲性能的影响.结果表明,试验件含分层损伤面积越大,其破坏载荷越大,而对应的破坏应变越大,因此分层损伤会降低复合材料层合板的承载力和刚度.含分层损伤的层合板试验件其屈曲临界载荷随着分层损伤面积的增加而减小,抗屈曲性能也随之降低.     

层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

为了分析复合材料层合板在冲击载荷作用下,层合板的损伤演化发展情况,结合采用单元失效技术和铺层刚度退化技术建立层合板低速冲击的三维有限元分析模型。在该模型中,当有限元模型中的单元发生某种冲击失效形式时,定义该单元发生部分失效,并将其刚度适当的退化。计算发现冲击背面容易产生基体开裂,并由此导致分层发生,而且靠近冲击背面的界面所产生的分层面积要较靠近冲击正面的界面的分层面积要大;随着冲击能量的增大,分层面积也增大;当冲击能量很高时,铺层内会出现纤维断裂,同时在层合板的边界处也容易出现损伤,计算结果和试验结果吻合。     

复合材料层合板准静态压痕损伤实验研究与数值模拟

对复合材料层合板准静态横向压缩特性损伤进行了研究。在损伤模拟过程中采用机体开裂和分层扩展判据,分类考虑了不同的损伤形式,通过修正损伤层材料的常数来模拟层板损伤所造成的局部刚度下降对横向压痕过程的影响。损伤模拟结果与超声C扫描的结果吻合较好。     

含孔复合材料层合板在压缩载荷下的三维逐渐损伤

通过逐渐损伤分析可以清楚地了解承载复合材料层合板内部损伤的产生及扩展过程,应用三维逐渐累积损伤理论和有限元分析技术,对不同材料不同宽孔比的含孔复合材料层合板在压缩载荷作用下的逐渐破坏过程进行分析,综合考虑了基体开裂、基纤剪切、分层及纤维断裂等四种复合材料层合板的主要破坏模式。在通用有限元分析软件ANSYS基础上进行二次开发,编制了参数化的分析模拟程序,该程序可以预测任意铺层角度和铺层厚度层合板在压缩载荷作用下的逐渐损伤破坏过程及最终失效载荷,通过与已有参考文献结果进行比较,验证了方法及程序的正确性。该程序可以较大程度地提高最终失效载荷的预测精度,为复合材料层合板结构的设计和使用提供了有力的技术支持。     

含圆孔复合材料层合板在拉伸载荷下的破坏机理

综合考虑了基体开裂、基纤剪切、分层及纤维断裂等四种复合材料层合板的主要破坏模式,同时在通用有限元分析软件ANSYS基础上进行二次开发,编制了参数化的分析模拟程序,应用此三维逐渐累积损伤理论和有限元模拟方法,对两种不同铺层参数的含圆孔复合材料层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的逐渐破坏过程进行了分析。结果表明:该程序可以预测任意材料体系和任意铺层参数的层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的逐渐损伤破坏过程及最终失效载荷;与参考文献中的试验结果比较发现,该方法的预测精度较高,验证了其正确性。     

碳纤维复合材料层合板三点弯曲损伤仿真研究

研究碳纤维复合材料在弯曲载荷作用下的失效形式与损伤过程,以预测材料抗外力损伤性能,指导碳纤维复合材料车身结构设计。进行碳纤维复合材料性能试验和三点弯曲试验,获得材料力学性能参数。建立基于Tiebreak算法的碳纤维复合材料层合板三点弯曲有限元模型,与试验对比验证模型的有效性。研究单元划分方式和Tiebreak接触层设置方式对仿真结果的影响规律,实现碳纤维复合材料分层破坏和纤维断裂的复杂失效及弯曲大变形损伤过程模拟。研究结果表明,计算精度与Tiebreak接触层设置相关,层合板弯曲变形的层间裂纹和层内裂纹扩展速度不同且相互影响。     

基于HyperWorks 的不同铺层方式复合材料剪切强度有限元分析

剪切强度和剪切韧性是反映复合材料构件在复合受力状态下承载能力及耗能能力的重要指标,不同铺层方式的单向玻璃纤维与短切玻璃纤维混杂增强复合材料层合板的层间剪切性能有明显差异。文中基于HyperWorks 商用有限元软件建立了精确的复合材料层合板模型,通过数值模拟分析不同铺层方式复合材料层合板的层间剪切性能。研究结果表明,铺层材料对复合材料层合板的层间剪切性能影响较大,而铺层顺序对复合材料层合板的层间剪切性能影响较小。     

复合材料层合板冲击后疲劳寿命试验研究与数值模拟

通过对复合材料典型层合板进行落锤冲击试验引入冲击损伤,并对冲击后的复合材料层合板进行不同载荷水平的压-压疲劳试验,得到了不同疲劳载荷作用下层合板损伤扩展规律及疲劳寿命。建立了冲击后层合板疲劳寿命有限元数值计算模型,对层合板进行冲击仿真,并利用有限元软件用户子程序编程,将冲击后计算所得损伤分布结果设置为层合板压—压疲劳寿命计算的起始状态,从而获得层合板在不同疲劳载荷水平下的损伤扩展结果及压—压疲劳寿命数值仿真结果。将试验与有限元数值计算疲劳寿命结果绘制了S-N曲线,通过对比验证了计算结果的准确性,形成一套复合材料层合板冲击后疲劳寿命预测数值计算模型。     

Ultimate strength of composite laminates with free-edge delamination

The present paper deals with the free edge effect of composite laminates by using a generalized quasi-three dimensional analysis and experimental verification of an analysis performed for laminates with Teflon inserted on interfaces to simulate initial free-edge delamination. We performed tensile tests for laminates [30₂/?30₂/90]_s carbon-epoxy laminates with free-edge delamination under uniaxial tension. The experiment reveals that extensional stiffness of the laminate decreases by the initiation of the delamination, and that strength of the laminate without delamination is smaller than that of the laminates with delamination. Generalized quasi-three dimensional finite element technique, which employs energy release rate and maximum stress criteria, is developed to estimate behavior of the laminate after initial delamination. The numerical result by use of this technique predicts the ultimate strength of the laminates with sufficient accuracy according as the comparison with an experimental stress-strain curve. In the experiment conducted both for the laminate with initial delamination and the laminate without initial delamination, an unexpected results were obtained that is the ultimate load of the laminate without initial delamination was lower than that of the laminate with initial delamination. We presented clear explanation on the phenomenon occurred and developed the method to predict the nonlinear behavior of the laminate with or without initial delamination.     

基于应变损伤模型的复合材料层合板低速冲击数值模拟

提出了一种基于应变的复合材料损伤模型,考虑了复合材料冲击过程中出现的面内纤维断裂与压缩,基体开裂与挤裂。在使用Abaqus软件进行数值模拟计算时,自编的用户子程序VUMAT和Cohe-sive模型分别实现了复合材料面板的损伤和层间分层。通过对层合板在不同能量下的低速冲击的有限元模拟发现,模拟得到的分层损伤形状和面积、冲头最大挠度、接触力和凹坑深度都与试验结果吻合较好。     

Modélisation,identification et simulations éléments finis des phénomènes de délaminage dans les structures composites stratifiées

Modelling, identification and finite element predictions of delamination in laminated composite structures. In order to forecast the delamination initiation and propagation in a finite element context, a previously defined damage meso-modelling of composite laminates is used. At the meso-level, the laminate is described as an assembly of damageable layers and interlaminar interfaces. The present work concerns the modelling, the identification and the finite element predictions of delamination phenomena in composite structures. Finite element predictions are conducted with non-linear geometric and material hypothesis. The interface modelling is implemented in the finite element code Castem 2000 developped by CEA. Classic edge delamination tension and propagation tests are conducted in order to improve the interface damage model approach in the finite elements context.     

Post-buckling and delamination propagation behavior of composite laminates with embedded delamination

Delamination occurred due to poor manufacturing process or in-service actions significantly affects the mechanical and failure behavior of laminated composite structures. In this study, the buckling and post-buckling delamination behavior of laminated composite with an embedded initial delamination under in-plane compression was studied experimentally and numerically. First, compression tests for laminated composite specimens with embeded initial delamination were performed and the buckling and delamination responses were obtained. Then the experimental test was numerically simulated using finite element methods with the progressive failure accounted for by using cohesive zone modeling. The load-displacement curve, strain behavior and delamination shapes of experimental specimens obtained from load cells, strain gages installed at different locations, and C scan images, respectively, were compared with the FEM results, and good agreements were attained. The effect of the buckling modes, laminate stacking sequence and shape of initial delamination on the buckling load and propagation behavior was studied by considering different ply stacking and shapes of initial delaminations. It was found that the buckling mode determined the growth direction of the delamination propagation, and the stacking sequence influenced the extent of the propagation area, while the orientation of the delamination affected the buckling loads.     

Energy release rate of postbuckled laminates with a through-width delamination

The strain energy release rate is calculated for buckled one-dimensional delamination (through-width delamination) in composite laminates subjected to in-plane compression. A crack closure method based on plate finite elements is used in this analysis. For some laminates containing a one-dimensional delamination in cylindrical bending, closed form solutions are available. The present finite element solutions show excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. The strain energy release rate for various types of laminates is also calculated using the present finite element method. The results show that the strain energy release rate strongly depends on the type of laminate.     

纤维金属层板铆接剩余强度影响因素研究

为研究单搭铆接接头中纤维金属层板耦合损伤行为,运用金属硬化Johnson-Cook失效准则、纤维增强复合材料三维Hashin损伤准则、脱层B-K失效理论以及刚度退化失效准则建立了纤维金属层板铆接渐进失效模型,并结合实验验证了模型的合理性。考察了单搭铆接二次弯曲效应、层板铝合金体积分数、预紧力、层板孔边距对纤维金属层板铆接强度和失效模式的影响,为提高纤维金属层板铆接剩余强度提供可靠建议。分析结果表明：二次弯曲效应加速损伤发生,从而降低层板铆接强度,其中偏心加载可以削弱二次弯曲效应,更好地提高铆接强度;层板铝合金体积分数的增大能够提高层板铆接强度,但当体积分数大于50%时层板铆接比刚度和比强度反而下降;预紧力的增加能够提高层板铆接强度和增强层板损伤抗力;随着孔边距的递增,铆接剩余强度有所提高,破坏模式由灾难性拉断失效模式逐渐转化为理想的挤压失效模式,但当孔边距达到一定数值时,铆接强度不再明显提高,而失效模式也维持为挤压破坏。     

Effect of Cycling Low Velocity Impact on Mechanical and Wear Properties of CFRP Laminate Composites

The mechanical and wear properties of CFRP laminate were investigated using a method of cycling low velocity impact, to study the trend and mechanism of impact resistance of the CFRP laminate under repeated impact during its service process. The interface responses of CFRP laminate under di erent impact kinetic energy during the cycling impact process were studied were studied experimentally, such as impact contact duration, deformation and energy absorption. The worn surface morphologies were observed through optical microscopy and a 3?D surface profiler and the cross?sectional morphologies were observed through SEM to investigate the mechanism of impact material dam?age. Based on a single?degree?of?freedom damping vibration model, the normal contact sti ness and contact damp?ing of the material in di erent wear stages were calculated. It shows the failure process of CFRP laminate damaged by accumulated absorption energy under the cycling impact of di erent initial kinetic energy. The results indicate that the sti ness and damping coe cients will change at di erent impact velocities or cycle numbers. The damage mechanism of CFRP laminates under cycling low kinetic energy is delamination. After repeated experiments, it was found that there was a threshold value for the accumulated absorption energy before the failure of the CFRP laminate.     

不同铺层转角T700/E44 复合材料拉伸强度有限元分析

碳纤维复合材料的失效行为与复合材料内部的应力状态有关,不同铺层转角的单向碳纤维复合材料层合板的性能具有明显差异。文中利用HyperWorks 商用有限元软件建立了T700/E44 复合材料层合板拉伸模型,基于Chang-Chang 复合材料失效模型对不同铺层转角复合材料层合板的 X 向及 Y 向拉伸性能进行了数值模拟分析。研究结果表明,复合材料层合板以45° 铺层转角对称结构层合时,复合材料有着最佳的综合拉伸性能。这对高性能雷达中复合材料部件的铺层结构设计具有重要的指导意义。     

搭接长度对平纹机织复合材料胶接结构连接性能影响的多尺度分析

针对平纹机织复合材料层合板,首先基于均匀化方法确定细观模型的性能参数,其次采用Hashin准则分析细观模型损伤过程,最后引入连续损伤力学模型和内聚力模型建立层合板胶接结构宏观模型。研究结果表明,平纹机织复合材料层合板的数值曲线与试验结果吻合较好,验证多尺度模型的有效性;搭接长度在5～15 mm时,随着搭接长度的增大,单搭和双搭胶接结构的极限失效载荷逐渐增大,并趋于稳定,而搭接剪切强度逐渐减小;单搭和双搭胶接结构的失效形式随着搭接长度的增大逐渐由胶层剪切失效过渡到层间分层失效;相同搭接长度下,与单搭胶接结构相比,双搭结构的极限失效载荷较大。基于均匀化方法、Hashin失效准则、内聚力模型和连续损伤力学模型,提出一种平纹机织复合材料多尺度模型,对结构性能设计和使用寿命具有重要意义。