倒易晶胞和小波相结合的图像复原方法

为了去除混迭、噪声和模糊对图像的影响,从遥感器成像的光学及几何特性出发,运用倒易晶胞的复原方法对晶胞形状进行限制;将错误的频谱覆盖放到正确的位置以减少混迭;并结合小波复原方法对退化的图像进行去模糊、去噪,得到一幅更清晰的图像．实验结果表明,结合倒易晶胞的小波复原方法比常用基于频域的方法复原效果更好．     

提高斜模式遥感图像有效分辨率的方法

利用梯度保真项具有补偿高频信息的能力,提出一种变分偏微分方程复原方法,用于提高斜模式遥感图像的有效分辨率.分析了斜模式采样条件下混叠现象的产生机理;用最佳倒易晶胞理论求出受混叠与噪声影响最小的斜模式采样图像频谱;对该图像频谱用文中方法去除模糊以得到分辨率提高的图像.实验结果表明,该方法能较好地去除混叠、模糊以及噪声对图像质量的影响,复原图像的信噪比高.     

基于深度先验和小波变换的遥感图像复原算法

针对各种退化因素导致遥感图像模糊的问题,在混合即插即用(Hybrid Plug-and-Play, H-PNP)模型的基础上,设计了基于深度先验和小波变换的模糊遥感图像复原算法。首先,利用导向滤波对模糊图像进行预处理,再构建结合非局部相似块低秩先验、深度先验和小波变换的模糊遥感图像复原模型,最后利用交替迭代法求解模型,复原出清晰的图像。考虑到惩罚因子对图像复原的影响,在深度去噪器中引入相对残差自适应原则更新惩罚因子。实验结果表明,上述算法对于叠加模糊和噪声的退化图像具有良好效果,选取GSR算法、NSCR算法和H-PNP算法进行对比实验,在主观视觉效果、峰值信噪比、特征相似性和结构相似性方面均优于对比算法。     

含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原的自适应二阶变分模型 *

针对经典的基于L1数据保真项的总变分图像复原模型易导致阶梯效应和损失图像重要细节的缺陷,提出了一种基于L1数据保真项的二阶总广义变分(Total Generalized Variation, TGV)图像复原模型。为进一步提升含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原质量,在二阶TGV图像复原模型中引入边缘检测算子,使其在图像边缘区域减弱扩散,较好地保护图像边缘特征;在图像平滑区域增强扩散,有效地消除脉冲噪声和抑制阶梯效应。为稳定地复原降质图像,采用交替方向乘子法求解二阶变分模型。实验结果表明,提出的图像复原模型在消除噪声和模糊的同时,能成功抑制阶梯效应并保留图像的边缘结构特征。相比经典的图像复原模型,新模型在信噪比、相对误差和结构相似度等方面均取得了较好的图像复原效果。     

分裂Bregman优化的总变分遥感图像复原

遥感成像过程中,受传感器固有局限、大气湍流等影响,图像会出现严重复杂的退化。相较普通图像复原,遥感图像复原后,细节应该更加丰富。然而,传统的Wiener滤波、Richardson-Lucy等复原方法,很难有效地抑噪声保细节。而且,默认的高斯噪声模型常与实际不符。本文基于总变分正则化的方法,对遥感图像进行复原,能够鲁棒去除各种噪声,且较好保持了细节信息。对TV正则化泛函寻优,采用分裂Bregman方法,通过引入辅助变量将原问题转化为三个简单子问题的迭代求解,降低了计算复杂度。实验证明,所提方法能有效复原不同噪声污染的遥感图像,较好地保持了细节信息。     

基于NACT和HMT模型的纹理图像检索

针对轮廓波变换方向子带中的频谱混叠现象及传统KLD方法度量隐马尔科夫模型间距离的局限性,提出结合改进KLD度量的抗混叠轮廓波隐马尔科夫树(HMT)纹理图像检索方法。利用抗混叠轮廓波变换抑制频谱混叠的特点对纹理进行分解,建立HMT模型并将其训练后的参数集视为纹理特征,利用改进KLD方法满足三角不等式的优点度量HMT模型间的距离,提高纹理图像检索精度。理论和实验结果表明,该算法的查准率比CT-HMT+传统KLD方法提高了2.81%。     

基于小波域隐马尔可夫树模型的图像复原

从图像复原的Bayesian方法出发,提出一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫树(HMT)模型的线性图像复原算法,小波域HMT模型采用混合高斯模型刻画各子带系数的概率分布,并通过小波系数隐状态在多个尺度之间的Markov依赖性来刻画自然图像小波系数随尺度减小而指数衰减的特性,由于小波域HMT模型准确刻画了自然图像小波变换的统计特性,该文算法以此作为自然图像的先验模型,将图像复原问题转化为一个约束优化问题并用最速下降法对其进行求解,同时,提出了一种规整化参数和HMT模型参数的自适应选择方法,实验结果表明,基于小波域HMT模型的图像复原算法较好地再现了各种边缘信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和视觉效果方面都有明显的提高。     

基于CHMM的背景差算法

为了解决背景差算法在前景提取的过程中对光照变化的敏感性和提取的前景中容易产生椒盐噪声的问题,提出了一种基于耦合隐马尔科夫模型的背景差方法.对像素的马尔科夫性进行了分析,并对像素建立耦合隐马尔科夫模型,通过时间统计的方法统计了像素隐含状态的转移概率,通过实验的方法选取了合适的前景标准差和背景标准差,利用Viterbi算法来求解耦合隐马尔科夫模型的最优隐含状态问题,运用该算法对一段交通监控视频进行分析,表明了该算法能够有效的抑制光照变化的影响,并且能够在一定程度上抑制前景噪声的出现.     

模糊图像盲复原的鲁棒自适应滤波算法

运动模糊图像盲复原是图像处理中的关键问题之一.由于模糊信息估计的复杂性以及图像噪声的影响,现有算法往往难以做到高质量的图像复原.为改善模糊信息估计的效果,提出一种基于自适应线性滤波的改进算法.首先在原有模糊信息估计过程中引入自适应动态线性滤波以抑制噪声影响,达到改善模糊信息估计结果的目的,同时可以起到调整优化目标的作用,使原问题变得较容易求解,从而获得高质量的模糊信息估计;在此基础上提出了改进的重定权值split Bregman迭代法,用于获得模糊信息后求解原始图像的过程中,进一步改善模糊图像复原的效果.实验结果表明,与3种现有的模糊图像盲复原算法相比,该算法能更准确地估计模糊信息,对多数图像复原任务具有更好的鲁棒性,能有效地用于运动模糊图像复原任务.     

基于噪声感知残差网络的JPEG隐写分析方法

为了进一步挖掘自适应JPEG隐写图像中隐写噪声信号特征,提出基于噪声感知残差网络的JPEG隐写分析方法.该方法由噪声感知、噪声分析和判断三部分组成.其中,噪声感知部分提取图像噪声,利用图像去噪网络,更加全面地捕获隐写引入的扰动;噪声分析部分获得噪声信息的统计特征;判断部分确定图像是否携带隐写信息.此外,网络中的残差连接有效融合多尺度特征,并防止训练中出现梯度消失和爆炸.多种条件下的对比实验结果表明,该方法相较于对比算法,能够提升针对JPEG自适应隐写的检测性能并具有更好的泛化能力.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.