一种垃圾邮件快速识别方法

k最近邻分类算法原理简单且分类性能好,但因其时间复杂度高,不适用于实际领域在线垃圾邮件过滤.本文在建模阶段首先对训练邮件进行初始聚类,将训练邮件划分为半径大小几乎相同的初始簇,然后使用共享最近邻图聚类算法对包含邮件的初始簇进行再聚类,最终聚类簇被看成是可以增量更新的分类模型,最后使用经典k最近邻分类算法在该分类模型上对未知邮件进行分类.在公开语料Ling-Spam上的实验结果表明,本文提出的垃圾邮件识别算法不仅具有较高的垃圾邮件识别精度,而且还具有较低的时间复杂度.     

基于k-最小表示误差类的表示分类方法

基于表示的分类(representation-based classification,RC)通常使用所有类的训练样本来表示测试样本.然而,是否需要使用全部类来表示测试样本仍有待研究.为此,提出一种两阶段表示分类框架.首先使用RC算法计算测试样本相对于全部类的训练样本的表示系数,找出前k(k≥1)个具有最小表示误差的类;然后利用该k个类的训练样本,再次应用RC算法对测试样本进行表示,并通过从这k个类中找出最小表示误差类来确定测试样本的类别.此外,提出了一种非负加权协同表示分类算法.所提分类框架中的前后两个RC算法可以相同也可以不同.取前后两个RC相同,对五种RC,在五个数据库上进行实验,实验结果表明,所提两阶段表示分类框架大多数情况下能显著提升原RC算法的分类精度.     

基于k-最小表示误差类的表示分类方法

基于表示的分类(representation-based classification,RC)通常使用所有类的训练样本来表示测试样本.然而,是否需要使用全部类来表示测试样本仍有待研究.为此,提出一种两阶段表示分类框架.首先使用RC算法计算测试样本相对于全部类的训练样本的表示系数,找出前k(k≥1)个具有最小表示误差的类;然后利用该k个类的训练样本,再次应用RC算法对测试样本进行表示,并通过从这k个类中找出最小表示误差类来确定测试样本的类别.此外,提出了一种非负加权协同表示分类算法.所提分类框架中的前后两个RC算法可以相同也可以不同.取前后两个RC相同,对五种RC,在五个数据库上进行实验,实验结果表明,所提两阶段表示分类框架大多数情况下能显著提升原RC算法的分类精度.     

基于选择性集成学习的高速列车故障识别研究*

在SVM分类识别中,分类器模型一经训练得到,对所有测试样本进行无差别的识别。但在高速列车故障中,样本的分类识别是存在区域分类精度的。本文提出了一种基于选择性集成学习的SVM多分类器融合算法,该方法选取测试样本最邻近的k个训练样本,然后选择对其分类效果好的SVM分类器进行融合,以提高分类准确率。最后使用高速列车故障数据进行了实验,并与AdaBoost、KNN、Bayes、SVM分类方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,该算法提高了分类识别准确率。     

基于网格统计模型的三维目标识别

提出一种基于网格的统计模型的三维目标识别算法。首先将网格结构引入多视点图像,并针对网格位置,利用三维目标多视点间的关联性,再根据目标的局部不变特征建立统计模型;其次对图像数据库COIL中三维目标的自由度进行扩充;最后在此基础上,对算法的识别性能进行测试。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能有效识别三维目标的类别,而且能够对目标的姿态做出可靠的判断,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

权值优化集成卷积神经网络及其在三维模型识别中的应用

三维模型应用广泛,如何有效地管理和分类这些数据库中的三维模型一直是人们 关注的问题。然而,由于不同三维模型之间的相似性难以测量,因而很难获得一种稳健且广泛 适用的三维模型分类算法。为此,提出了一种权值优化集成卷积神经网络(WOTCNN)模型,并 将其应用到三维模型的分类识别中。首先,获取三维模型的深度投影视图来最大限度地保留三维 模型的空间信息。然后,采用调整的 VGG 网络对各角度的深度投影图像进行训练并提取预测概 率值。最后,通过加权集成算法获得完整三维模型的最终分类结果。对 ModelNet10 及 ModelNet40 数据库的实验表明：三维模型的平均分类准确率达到 92.84%和 86.51%。在预测性能方面,该网 络优于普通的单卷积神经网络;在三维模型识别方面,其分类准确率能够得到显著提升。     

面向视频序列表情分类的LSVM算法

为了提高基于视频序列的表情识别精度,在KNN-SVM算法的基础上提出局部SVM分类机制,并将其用于视频序列中的表情分类.对于一个待分类的几何特征样本,首先在训练集中寻找该样本的k个近邻样本,然后根据这k个近邻样本和待分类样本的相似度信息,重新构建局部最优的SVM分类决策超平面,用来对该几何特征样本进行分类.在Cohn-Kanade数据库中的对比实验表明,该分类器有效地提高了表情分类的精度.     

一种基于向量夹角的k近邻多标记文本分类算法

在多标记学习中,一个示例可以有多个概念标记.学习系统的目标是通过对由多标记样本组成的训练集进行学习,以尽可能正确地预测未知样本所对应的概念标记集.k近邻算法已被应用到多标记学习中,该算法将测试示例转化为多维向量,根据其k个近邻样本的标记向量来确定该测试示例的标记向量.传统的k近邻算法是基于向量的空间距离来选取近邻,而在自然语言处理中,文本间的相似度常用文本向量的夹角来表示,所以本文将文本向量间的夹角关系作为选取k近邻的标准并结合k近邻算法提出了一种多标记文本学习算法.实验表明,该算法在文档分类的准确率上体现出较好的性能.     

基于多分类器融合算法的3D人脸年龄识别

为了提高人脸识别中待测人脸图像年龄估计的正确率,提出了一种基于多分类器融合的3D人脸年龄识别算法.首先.利用人脸的纹理信息将二维图像映射到标准三维模型上,并以贝叶斯决策理论为基础,对Kittler提出的多分类器融合算法理论框架及其组合规则进行了详细的研究、讨论和改进,然后应用改进后的多分类器组合规则将多个单独识别分类器加以融合以达到分类未知年龄目标人脸的目的,并估计人脸年龄.实验结果表明,算法可有效估计日标人脸年龄,并减小估计误差.     

基于距离特征与体积积分不变量的三维模型信息隐藏算法

为了提高三维模型信息隐藏算法的鲁棒性和嵌入容量,使得三维模型可以隐藏大容量的秘密信息,本文提出一种基于距离特征和体积积分不变量的三维模型信息隐藏算法。算法的主要思想是:首先使用距离特征这种三维模型全局变量,利用相似性公式对多个三维模型载体进行分类;其次使用体积积分不变量计算三维模型顶点的球体内外体积,对三维模型顶点进行分类;最后通过修改三维模型顶点的凹凸程度把秘密信息隐藏到三维模型中,发送给接受者进行提取。实验结果表明本文算法具有很好的鲁棒性和不可见性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.