中国塑料专利

聚烯烃与三单体固相接枝共聚物的制备及其应用　在自由基引发剂的作用及氮气保护下 ,以二甲苯为界面活性剂 ,用三单体对聚烯烃进行固相接枝改性。本发明工艺设备简单 ,接枝率高 ,产物的极性、亲疏水性和反应性等性质显著改善 ,适用于增容剂、表面界面改性剂和粘合剂。 /ＣＮ12 83 64 2Ａ ,2 0 0 1-0 2 -14纳米粒子增强增韧聚乙烯复合材料的制备方法　将纳米粒子 ,溶剂和表面分散剂加入带有超声波振荡发生器或振荡搅拌装置以及在少量溶剂存在下利用球磨机研磨使分散剂与纳米粒子均匀分散 ,目的是对纳米粒子进行表面分散处理 ,然后将经表面处…     

超声辅助分散制备纳米TiO2/环氧复合材料

采用大功率超声设备将纳米TiO2粒子分散到环氧树脂（EP）中制得复合材料。通过TEM分析了纳米粒子在EP中的分布形态并测试了复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度。考察了超声作用周期、纳米粒子表面改性工艺及粒子含量对复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,经KH-550表面改性的纳米粒子质量分数为3％时,采用超声振荡30s／停顿30s、反复作用10次的超声分散工艺得到的复合材料的性能最好。     

纳米CuO的制备及其对AP热分解的催化作用（英文）

采用湿法机械研磨法和真空冷冻干燥工艺,批量制备了纳米CuO,采用超声辅助-研磨法制备了纳米CuO/AP复合粒子。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了CuO和纳米CuO/AP复合粒子的结构及形貌,采用DSC-TG研究了纳米CuO/AP复合粒子的热分解性能。结果表明,制备的CuO颗粒粒径约为17nm,呈类球形;通过超声辅助-研磨法可使纳米CuO很好地分布在AP粒子表面。此外,质量分数2%的纳米CuO可使AP的高温分解峰温降低83℃,说明纳米CuO可作为一种添加剂,用于加速高氯酸铵的热分解。     

固相法合成纳米氧化镧

以六水氯化镧与氢氧化钠为反应物，在室温下通过固相化学反应首先合成前驱物氢氧化镧，经热分解得到纳米氧化镧。用透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对产物的组成、大小及形貌进行表征。结果表明：产物纳米氧化镧为球形结构，平均粒径为15nm，确定了固相反应制备纳米氧化镧的最佳工艺条件为：焙烧温度为750℃，焙烧时间为2．5h。并考察了加入表面活性剂对粒径大小和分散性的影响。加入0．5％（表面活性剂占总反应物质量分数）的表面活性剂聚乙二醇600可使粒子尺寸变小，分散性好，克服团聚现象。     

低温固相反应合成碳酸锶纳米粉体

固相化学反应无污染、工艺简单、操作方便、易于实现工业化生产。应用低温固相化学反应原理，以氯化锶和碳酸铵为原料，经固相反应合成碳酸锶纳米粉体，研究了研磨时间、温度、沉淀剂及表面活性剂对反应的影响。试验结果用XRD与TEM进行表征，证明固相反应进行得很完全，产品为纯碳酸锶，其粒度为50－80nm。     

纳米氧化铁的制备及其对高金属含量燃料的催化作用

为了研究纳米氧化铁对金属燃料的催化作用,以氯化铁为原料,以特种表面活性剂为分散剂,通过正交试验制备出分散性好、晶粒度为25．7nm、纯度为99．5％的球形α-Fe2O3粒子,采用热重分析实验研究了纳米氧化铁催化剂对AP热分解峰温的影响。结果表明,纳米氧化铁可使AP的低温和高温分解峰的峰温分别提前7．37℃和58．12℃;微米级氧化铁仅可使AP低温和高温分解峰的峰温分别提前4．21℃和14．31℃。金属燃料的燃速测定结果表明,含有纳米氧化铁催化剂燃料的燃速比微米级的提高30％以上。     

室温固相合成球形氧化锆纳米晶体

用碳酸铵与氯氧化锆作原料，在适量表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（OP乳化剂）的存在下，在室温下充分混合研磨得到反应混合物，洗去其中的可溶性无机盐后烘干得到前驱体，前驱体经热分解即可得到球形氧化锆纳米晶体。基于均匀设计、逐步回归分析及最优化计算，对纳米氧化锆的固相合成条件进行优化，所获取的优化工艺条件为：氯氧化锆取10mmol时，反应物碳酸铵与氯氧化锆的物质的量比等于1．4：1；表面活性剂用量40μL；研磨时间40min；热分解温度500℃及热分解时间120min。在此条件下合成的氧化锆晶体粉末颗粒均匀、团聚弱，其一次粒子的平均粒径约20nm，收率为95％。     

纳米氧化镁的制备研究

研究了由碳酸铵和氯化镁制备纳米氧化镁的方法。以碳酸铵和氯化镁为主要原料，加入有机表面活性剂，经过反应、过滤、水洗、醇洗、干燥和灼烧制得纳米氧化镁。经表观密度、比表面积、孔容积、粒径及透射电镜的测定，粒子大小均在纳米范围。试验结果证明，试验工艺路线及测定方法均适合纳米氧化镁制备。主要原料碳酸铵和氯化镁来源广泛，价格低廉，对纳米氧化镁的工业生产具有重要意义。     

纳米氧化铁的制备工艺

本文介绍了纳米氧化铁的作用及应用，阐述了各种制备纳米氧化铁的工艺，主要有水热法，强迫水解法，凝胶一溶胶法，微乳液法，辐射合成法，附着法，固相法，NAC—FAS法．以及其它一些制备纳米氧化铁的工艺。     

聚醚砜多孔膜及复合多孔膜制备的研究

以聚醚砜(PES)为成膜材料,采用对乳液体系进行超声的方法,制备PES多孔膜和无机纳米粒子-PES复合多孔膜,并探究了无机纳米粒子的种类、表面活性剂、超声强度、超声时间等因素对膜成型及孔结构的影响。结果表明,不同类型的无机纳米粒子与PES制备的复合膜结构会有差异,超声强度会明显影响无机纳米粒子在聚合物中的分散以及孔结构的形成,表面活性剂的加入及超声时间则会直接影响膜的生成。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。