三聚氰胺（C3N6H6）的压制结构相变

本通过对三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)的室温高压原位同步辐射能量散射x-ray衍射实验（EDXRD），在14．7GPa压力范围内，观察到常压下为单斜晶系的三聚氰胺经历了两次压致结构相变。在1．3GPa下，三聚氰胺分子晶体从单斜相转变为三斜相；在8．2GPa又转变为正交相。     

层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物Ca3Mn2O7的高压结构相变

利用金刚石压砧高压装置（DAC），对Ca3Mn2O7的粉末样品进行了高压能散X射线衍射实验。结果表明，由于岩盐层易被压缩，在压力作用下层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物Ca3Mn2O7的结构不稳定。在0－35GPa压力范围内，Ca3Mo2O7晶体结构发生了两次相变。在1．3GPa左右，由原来的四方相变为正交相，在9．5GPa左右，又由正交相向新的四方相转变。     

Y2O3压致结构相变的研究

本文采用金刚石对顶砧高压装置（DAC），利用同步辐射X－ray衍射，对Y2O3粉末样品进行了原位高压X－ray衍射实验，最高压力达到23GPa。在研究的压力范围内观察到两个相变。在12.8GPa压力点，Y2O3由稀土倍半氧化物的立方结构转变为单斜结构。在21.8GPa压力点，样品由单斜结构转变为另一个新相，但由于样品峰的消失，无法判断其结构。卸压后样品为单斜结构，说明Y2O3第一个压致结构相变为不可逆相变。     

纳米晶BaTiO3的高压研究

采用原位高压同步辐射X光衍射技术和Raman散射方法，对小于临界尺寸（120nm）的纳米晶BaTiO3(48nm）进行了研究，在实验压力范围内（0－21．2GPa,0-46.67GPa），纳米晶BaTiO3始终处于稳定的立方相。     

超高压下CsBr的结构与相变

采用金刚石对顶压砧高压装置（DAC）、同步辐射X光源和能散法，对CsBr粉末样品进行了原位高压X光衍射实验，最高压力115GPa。观测到在53GPa左右压力下，CsBr的最强衍射峰（110）劈裂成两个峰，标志简单立方结构向四方结构的转变；在0至最高压力范围内（相应于V／V0为1至0.463)测量了晶轴比c/a；在115GPa内未观测到样品的金属化现象。     

纳米晶BaTiO3的高压研究

采用原位高压同步辐射X光衍射技术和Raman散射方法，对小于临界尺寸（120nm)的纳米晶BaTiO3(48nm)进行了研究，在实验压力范围内（0－21．2GPa,0-46.67GPa)，纳米晶BaTiO3始终处于稳定的立方相。     

316L（N）不锈钢在550℃和600℃下10年蠕变测试中的沉淀现象

利用几种金相学的方法,研究了550℃和600℃下进行85000h蠕变测试的初始态固溶退火型316L（N）奥氏体不锈钢试样在规范长度和顶端部分的沉淀行为。观测到了3种相：M23C6、η相和σ相。沉淀的σ相的体积分数大大高于碳化物和η相。M23C6碳化物沉淀产生迅速,随后在δ铁素体“孤岛”中形成α相和η相。长时间之后,σ相和η相在晶界上沉淀。现已提出了两种不同的。相沉淀机制：一种是δ铁素体的分解,另一种是晶界沉淀。在δ铁素体中,晶界上以及晶粒内部发现了少数的η相。     

辐射法制备环氧功能化聚乙烯-辛烯及在尼龙6增韧改性中的应用

利用60Co γ射线辐射接枝法制备环氧功能化的乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-PGMA），并且采用双螺杆熔融挤出法制备添加POE-g-PGMA的尼龙6/聚乙烯-辛烯（PA6/POE）合金。研究了添加POE-g-PGMA对PA6/POE合金力学性能、热性能、表面形貌、界面相容性和吸水特性的影响。结果表明：γ射线引发了GMA在POE上的接枝聚合反应，PA6/POE合金断面的SEM照片显示添加POE-g-PGMA后POE分散相粒径显著减小，表明POE-gPGMA起到增容剂的作用；Molau试验的结果证实了POE-g-PGMA与PA6之间的增容反应；热分析表明，分散相POE及POE-g-PGMA的加入对PA6的熔融行为影响不大，但在降温结晶过程中结晶温度提前约18°C，结晶度提升约为4.5%。此外，与未增容PA6/POE合金相比，增容PA6/POE合金的缺口冲击强度显著提高，在本实验条件下，POE-g-PGMA添加量为3%时缺口冲击强度最高值为纯PA6的2.75倍。     

高速钢镀氮化碳超硬涂层及其应用研究

本文采用DC反应磁控溅射和电弧离子镀相结合的方法在高速钢上沉积氮化碳—氮化钛复合膜，经X射线衍射分析，复合膜中存在α—C3N4和β—C3N4的硬质相。复合膜的显微硬度HL=50．5—54．1GPa，它与高速钢基体的附着力，用划痕试验测得临界载荷L0=40——80N。多种刀具试用证实，该涂层具有很高的耐磨性，与末涂层和镀TiN的刀具相比，大幅度提高了刀具的耐用度。     

N,N,N',N'-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺辐解产物的研究Ⅱ液相辐解产物的定性分析

采用顶空固相微萃取（Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction,HS-SPME）技术结合气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）联用方法对N,N,N’,N’-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺（N,N,N’,N’-tertbutyl-30xa-pentanediamide,TBOPDA）的主要液相辐解产物进行定性研究,对影响HS-SPME的参数进行了优化。通过计算机谱库检索、标准物质对照和人工解析的方法确定了TBOPDA的六种液相辐解产物：（C4H9）2NH、（C4H9）3N、CH3CON（C4H9）2、HCON（C4H9）2、CH30CH2CON（C4H9）2、HOCH2CON（C4Hg）2;可能产物：HOCOCH2OCH2CON（C4H9）2或HCOCH2OCH2CON（C4H9）2,提出了TBOPDA的三种可能断裂方式。     

硝酸介质中二环己基18-冠-6对锶的萃取

利用冠醚二环己基-18-冠-6（DCH18C6）作为萃取剂在硝酸介质中对锶的萃取性能进行了系统研究,考察了稀释剂、硝酸浓度、振荡时间、温度对锶萃取的影响,结果表明,该萃取体系与硝酸的浓度有关,当萃取剂浓度为0.01mol/L,以1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷为稀释剂,硝酸浓度为1mol/L时,锶的萃取率可高达92%左右,利用纯水作为反萃剂,反萃率可达(99.56±1.7)%左右。该萃取反应动力学比较快,可在10min 达到平衡,热力学实验表明该萃取反应是一个放热反应。同时选择性萃取实验结果表明,冠醚二环己基-18-冠-6能有效地从多种离子共存的体系中选择性地萃取锶。     

6—30keVB^＋,C^＋,N^＋,O^＋与H2碰撞单电子剥离的实验研究

用增长率方法首次测量６－３０ｋｅＶＢ＾＋、Ｃ＾＋、Ｎ＾＋、Ｏ＾＋与Ｈ２碰撞的单了截面，给出的Ｂ＾＋和Ｃ＾＋和６－３０ｋｅＶ能区截面随离子能量的趋势与已有的１００－２５００ｋｅＶ能区截面的变化趋势衔接很好。根据截面随入射离子能量和核电荷数的变化，对碰撞机理作了分析，Ｂ＾＋、Ｎ＾＋、Ｏ＾＋与Ｈ２碰撞的单电子剥离截面的变化规律由分子轨道模型得到很好的解释。     

Investigation of structure and mechanical properties of plasma vapor deposited nanocomposite TiBN films

TiBN coatings have huge potential applications as they have excellent properties with increasing modern industrial requirements.Nanocomposite TiBN coatings were synthesized on cemented carbide,high speed steel and Si substrates by using cathodic arc plasma ion plating from pure TiB_2 ceramic targets.The structure and mechanical properties of the TiBN coatings were significantly influenced by the nitrogen partial pressure.Rutherford backscattering spectrometry demonstrates that the nitrogen content of the coating varied from 2.8%to 34.5%and highresolution electron microscopy images reveal that all coatings have the characteristic of nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix.The root-mean-square roughness of the coatings increases from 3.73 to 14.64 nm and the coefficients of friction of the coatings at room temperature vary from 0.54 to 0.73 with increasing nitrogen partial pressure.The microhardness of the coating increases up to 35.7 GPa at 10 seem N_2 flow rate.The smallest wear rate is2.65×10~(-15)m~3 N~(-1)m~(-1)which indicates that TiBN coatings have excellent wear resistance.The adhesion test revealed that the TiBN coatings have good adhesion at low nitrogen partial pressure.     

Preshock-induced phase transition in spalled U–0.75 wt% Ti

Uranium–0.75 wt% Ti samples were spalled in the range of 5–24 GPa shock pressure. One sample was preshocked to a pressure of 24 GPa, `soft' recovered, and then reloaded and spalled at 10 GPa. The spall strength of U–3/4 wt% Ti was found to range from −4.1 to −2.9 GPa when the Romanchenko correction is used in the spall strength calculation. The spall morphology of the sample that was preshocked and then spalled showed a significant change in microstructure from a parent alpha' martensite to a 2-phase eutectoid. The thermodynamically calculated temperature rise resulting from the preshock at 15–24 GPa in these samples is ∼555°C. This temperature is not sufficient to induce such a phase change. However, the preshock conditions additionally increase the flow stress of the U–34 wt% Ti, and it is postulated that this additional hardening is sufficient to increase the temperature above 885°C due to the increased amount of plastic work required during spall, thereby triggering the phase change.     

Mössbauer investigations of palygorskite from Xuyi, China

The original palygorskite clay mineral has been collected from Longwangshan, Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, China. XRF analysis was performed to study its chemical compositions. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) were used to study the weight loss due to dehydration and dehydroxylation. Then eight samples were prepared by heating at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Mössbauer spectra were measured to study the crystal evolvement and the occupation of iron cations. It revealed that the iron ions occupied the M1 and M2 with the ratio closed to 3:1. Hematite has been observed when heated at 650 °C, which indicated that iron cations mainly occupy M1 sites. An unknown silicate was identified when heated at 750 °C and dominated at 850 °C.     

经由瞬态成分N2 H6的氨生成过程中的热平衡低温等离子体衰变

用热平衡低温等离子体合成氨法和连续实时取样进样质谱技术来探测放电过程中瞬态成分N2H6衰变氨的反应途径和步骤。实验表明,在氮氢混合气体放电合所氢的反应过程中,N2H6中间体是必经的瞬态成分。     

Multi-elemental characterization of organic liquid samples by use of a 13 MeV Li beam

Evaporated amniotic fluid (AF) targets have been bombarded with a 13 MeV ⁶Li³⁺ beam. Forward angle data have served to identify the ¹H(⁶Li,¹H)⁶Li reaction as an alternative for hydrogen characterization of such organic samples. Detected ⁶Li ions elastically scattered from C, N, O, Na and Cl can also be used to determine the concentrations of these elements in AF. The analyzed AF samples have been diluted with distilled water. The effect of sample dilution on the improvement of spectrum energy resolution has been observed, confirming previous reports. The hydrogen concentration determined in the studied AF targets is shown to vary linearly with sample dilution. Two detector arrangements have been used to find out which detection scheme is the most convenient. The combination of a counter telescope and a single detector, set up at the same polar angle on the opposite side of the beam, seems to be the best choice to have a reliable particle identification and an adequate energy resolution simultaneously.     

Te/MCM41高压结构相变

本文使用金刚石对顶砧高压装置（DAC）和同步辐射X光射射，对Te/MCM41体系进行了原位高压X射线衍射实验，最高压力达到37GPa。在研究的压力范围内，观察到一个从5GPa开始，强度较小，到立方Te的相变，我们认为对应MCM41孔道内的Te。     

基于激光多普勒测量的6×6棒束间湍流流动研究

采用3D激光多普勒测速装置研究了6×6棒束间的流场分布。实验选择了5种工况进行研究,雷诺数范围为6.6×103~7.03×104。其中6×6棒束试验段几何结构模拟相邻组件的布置方式。实验设置两种测量模式,第1种模式选择从试验段侧边测量,获得了距定位格架不同位置处的轴向速度和湍流强度的分布;第2种测量模式选择从试验段出口端面进行测量,获得了出口截面子通道间的三维速度和雷诺应力分布。通过对比不同雷诺数下的实验结果,分析了雷诺数对此次6×6棒束实验的影响。比较发现在雷诺数为6.6×103的情况下,存在低雷诺数效应。