超重力场电沉积镍箔及其机械性能

在超重力条件下电沉积镍箔,考察了超重力对镍箔沉积的电流效率、槽电压和单位能量消耗的影响,并对所制镍箔的表面形貌和晶体结构及机械性能进行了表征. 结果表明,随着重力系数G和沉积电流密度的增加,镍箔晶粒有细化的趋势. 所得镍箔抗拉强度由常重力(G=1)时的933 MPa增加到G=443时的1190 MPa,硬度则由224 Hv增加到375 Hv. 超重力条件下(G=111),随着沉积电流密度由0.1 A/cm2增加至0.4 A/cm2,镍箔的抗拉强度和硬度分别由1054 MPa和285 Hv增加为1121 MPa和331 Hv.     

铸造铝-硅合金化学镀镍-磷-铈合金镀层

在铸造铝-硅合金表面化学镀镍-磷-铈合金镀层,并对其微观形貌、成分、晶相结构、耐蚀性及硬度进行了观察与测试。结果表明:镀层为晶体结构,铈的加入可以细化镀层晶粒;添加硝酸铈得到的化学镀镍-磷-铈合金镀层的耐蚀性更好;化学镀镍-磷-铈合金镀层镀态的硬度比基体的高242.8 MPa,并随着热处理温度的升高而增大。     

工艺参数对铝合金化学镀镍层微观形貌的影响

在铝合金表面制备化学镀镍层。利用扫描电子显微镜,讨论工艺参数对合金镀层微观形貌的影响。通过显微硬度计,确定不同合金镀层的显微硬度。结果表明:温度对合金镀层的微观形貌影响较大,在84℃下可获得均匀致密的合金镀层;光亮剂有较好的细化晶粒作用,添加光亮剂后镀层的平整度提高,晶粒更加均匀细致;合金镀层具有较高的显微硬度,最高可达5 620MPa。     

AuCuAg电接触材料硬度研究

采用氩气保护高频感应熔炼制备电接触材料Au Cu Ag合金,对不同加工率、热处理工艺下的合金硬度和XRD图谱进行了研究。研究结果表明:随着加工率的增加,Au Cu Ag合金的硬度提高;700℃处理合金硬度降低,300℃处理使合金由无序的Au基固溶相转化为有序的Au Cu和Au3Cu相,有序转变达到短程有序,硬度明显增加;加工硬化、有序化强化、调幅分解强化是Au Cu Ag合金主要的强化方式。     

热处理对Y变质Mg-7Al合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过对Y变质后的Mg-7Al合金进行固溶和时效处理,研究热处理对Y变质后合金组织及力学性能的影响,结果表明,固溶和时效对高熔点的Al2Y相均无明显影响。而时效处理后β-Mg17Al12相以层片状和点状共存的方式再次析出,改善了其原本粗大的网状形貌,且随时效温度升高,层片状β-Mg17Al12相数量减少,而点状析出量增多,因此,时效后合金力学性能得到提高。     

Fe-(9~11)Cr-Y2O3作为ITER结构材料的制备与表征

采用传统的机械合金(MA)和放电等离子体烧结(SPS)工艺成功制备了Fe-(9~11)Cr二元合金及纳米氧化物弥散强化(ODS)合金，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对MA粉末的形貌和物相进行分析，用能量色散谱(EDS)、显微维氏硬度仪、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合金样品进行表征。结果表明，在转速为300 r/min，球料比为10:1的条件下，MA粉末受到磨球与罐子内壁的撞击，晶粒尺寸不断细化，在40 h粉末晶粒尺寸减小至约16.1 nm趋于稳定。SPS烧结后晶粒尺寸无明显增大，各微量元素均匀分布在基体中。二元合金样品的维氏硬度随Cr含量增加而增大。10CrY合金样品经腐蚀液侵蚀后可粗略看到晶界呈均匀分布。ODS合金样品存在大量的纳米析出相，平均颗粒尺寸约30 nm。     

基于正交试验的超重力场燃烧合成Al_2O_3-ZrO_2(4Y)工艺参数优化

采用正交试验法对超重力场燃烧合成Al2O3-Zr O2(4Y)共晶复合陶瓷的工艺参数进行优化,以产品的相对密度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性为综合评定指标,得到其优选实验方案为:超重力系数为250 g,添加剂Si O2含量为6 wt%,绝热燃烧温度为3250 K。采用SEM与EDS分析了优选实验条件下制备的复合陶瓷的微观组织和化学成分,并测得其相对密度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性分别可达99.5%、20.2 GPa和16.8 MPa·m1/2。     

MO对B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响

研究了添加BaO、CaO、MgO对B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响。用DSC测试了玻璃的析晶温度，用XRD分析了玻璃析晶后的晶相组成，用SEM观察了析出晶粒的形貌特征。结果表明：BaO、CaO均可有效促进BAS玻璃的形成，而MgO易导致玻璃分相。MO-BAS玻璃的析晶温度在770～810℃之间。添加BaO时析出的主晶相为硼酸铝（Al18B4O33）和少量勃来石（Al16B6Si2O37），以针柱状晶为主。用CaO替代BaO，析出的主晶相不变，但析晶能力增加，以细小的粒状晶为主。添加MgO时析出的主晶相为偏硼酸铝（Al4B2O9）和勃来石，晶粒较粗大。     

超重力下燃烧合成高硬(Ti,W)C基复合陶瓷

用超重力下燃烧合成(combustion synthesis under high gravity)法制备了(Ti,W)C基复合陶瓷。用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜及能谱仪研究了陶瓷产品的物相组成与微观形貌。对陶瓷的形成机理进行了分析,同时对陶瓷的性能进行了测试。结果表明:(Ti,W)C陶瓷基体主要由TiC与(Ti0.55W0.45)C0.51组成;其形成机理主要分为两个阶段,首先在超重力下燃烧反应快速进行,生成液态氧化物位于上部、Ti-W-Fe-C-B合金液位于下部的分层熔体结构,最后由于C原子相对于B原子具有更高的浓度与更快的扩散速率,TiC在合金液相冷却过程中优先成核、析出,随即,(Ti0.55W0.45)C0.51依附于TiC而析出。力学性能测试表明,(Ti,W)C基复合陶瓷相对密度、Vickers硬度、弯曲强度及断裂韧性分别为99.3%,25.6GPa,1060MPa与8.5MPa·m1/2。     

搭接率对等离子熔敷铁?镍合金涂层的组织和耐磨性的影响

采用等离子熔敷技术在高锰钢表面制备Fe-Ni合金涂层,研究了搭接率对涂层的显微组织结构、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:不同搭接率下,Fe-Ni合金涂层都与基体结合良好。随着搭接率增大,组织生长趋势明显,晶粒变得粗大。Fe-Ni合金涂层以α-Fe相为主,还有Co_3Fe_7和FeNi金属间化合物存在。搭接率为30%时,Fe-Ni合金涂层析出的强化相分布均匀,平均显微硬度最高,耐磨性最佳。     

The effects of Cu and Al on dry sliding wear properties of eutectic Sn-9Zn lead-free solder alloy

The present study investigates the influence of Cu and Al on microstructure and wear behavior of a eutectic Sn-9Zn solder alloy. The Sn-9Zn–X alloy was produced by adding various amounts of Cu and Al through investment casting method. The produced Sn-9Zn–X alloys were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and hardness measurements. In wear tests at 1 ms^?1 sliding speed, 10 N load and 5 different sliding distances (400–2000 m) were used. The results show that as the amount of Cu and Al increased within Sn-9Zn alloy, the hardness of the alloy increased as well. Depending on the increase in hardness of the alloys produced by investment casting, it was observed that weight loss decreased during wear tests. Furthermore, the same proportion of added Al alloys’ hardness and weight loss were observed to be higher than the added Cu alloys. Furthermore, the Cu-added alloy exhibited higher hardness and lower weight loss than the Al-added alloy did.     

Effect of Cu and Zn elements on morphology of ceramic particles and interfacial bonding in TiB2/Al composites

The 50 vol% TiB₂/Al composites with different alloying elements (Cu and Zn) were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The effects of Zn and Cu on the micromorphology of TiB₂ ceramic particles and interfacial behavior between TiB₂ ceramic and Al matrix as well as the mechanical properties of composites were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of Zn and Cu not only significantly enhanced the interfacial bonding strength between TiB₂ ceramic particles and Al matrix but also facilitated the reaction by reducing the reaction temperature in the Al–Ti–B system. Furthermore, the yield strength (719 MPa) and ultimate compressive strength (1130 MPa) of TiB₂/Al-6wt.%Cu composite increased by 48.8% and 26.4%, respectively, compared with that of the composite without alloy element. For the TiB₂/Al-6wt.%Zn composite, the yield strength and ultimate compressive strength increased by 15.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The improvement on the mechanical properties can be attributed to solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening.     

Consolidation behavior and hardness of P/M molybdenum

In this study, the consolidation behavior and hardness of commercially available molybdenum powder were investigated. In order to analyze the compaction response of the powder theoretically, an elastoplastic constitutive equation based on the yield function presented by Shima and Oyane was applied to predict the compact density under uniaxial pressure from 100 MPa to 700 MPa. The compacts were sintered at 1400-1600 °C for 20-60 min. The sintered density and grain size of molybdenum were increased with increasing the compacting pressure and processing temperature and time. The effect of the porosity and grain size on the hardness of the specimens was explained based on the modified plasticity theory of porous material and the Hall-Petch type equation.     

真空热压烧结制备高性能B4C/Al复合材料

B4C/Al复合材料因其优异的性能,受到了人们广泛关注.以Al粉和B4C粉体为原料,采用真空热压烧结法,在高于Al熔点温度时,制备出了碳化硼含量10wt%的铝基复合材料.研究结果表明:烧结温度为700 ℃,烧结压力为30 MPa,保温时间为45 min时,获得的B4C/Al复合材料力学性能最佳,其相对密度为98.2%,硬度为2.53 GPa,抗弯强度为350 MPa.球磨混料使Al颗粒表面生成少量Al2O3,在烧结过程中,Al2O3与B2O3发生固-液反应形成共融物,改善了B4C/Al之间的界面结合强度,从而获得力学性能优异的B4C/Al复合材料.     

High-gravity activated SHS of large bulk Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) nanocrystalline composites

Large bulk Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) composites were in-situ prepared by SHS under varied high-gravity from ZrO₂ + Y₂O₃powder blends with an added thermit mixture. Investigated was the effect of high gravity on the microstructure, crystal growth, and properties of synthesized materials. The XRD data suggest that high gravity did not bring about any change in the phase constitution of the composite ceramics and that the ceramic matrix was composed of α-Al₂O₃, t-ZrO₂, and m-ZrO₂. SEM and EDS data show that, with increasing level of high gravity, the morphology of the ceramic microstructures transformed from the cellular eutectics to the rodshaped colonies, and the volume fraction and aspect ratio of the rod-shaped colonies increased while the rodshaped colonies were refined. Above 200 g, the microstructures of composite ceramics developed as the randomlyorientated rod-shaped colonies with a symmetrical triangular dispersion of tetragonal ZrO₂ fibers of 300 nm in the average diameter. Relative density, hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness simultaneously reached the highest values of 98.6%, 18.6 GPa, 1248 MPa, and 15.6 MPa m^1/2 as the maximum high-gravity level of 250 g was achieved. An increase in the relative density and hardness of the ceramics with increasing gravity level was attributed to the acceleration of gas escape from SHS melts and the elimination of shrinkage cavity in the ceramics under the action of high-gravity field. The increase in fracture toughness results from the enhancement of the coupled toughening mechanisms while the increase in flexural strength comes from the refinement of the microstructures, decrease in critical defect size, and achievement of high fracture toughness.     

Design and strengthening behaviour of Ti2AlC/TiAl composite by low-temperature hot-pressing process

In situ Ti₂AlC/TiAl composite was first fabricated by reactive hot-pressing technique at low temperature of 1150°C for 2?h using Ti₃AlC₂ and Ti–Al alloy powders. The composite with fine-grained structure consisted of TiAl, Ti₃Al and Ti₂AlC phases. The Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the Ti₂AlC/TiAl composite reached 5.2?GPa, 937.7?MPa and 7.7?MPa?m^1/2, respectively. The action mechanism for the composite was mainly attributed to the grain refinement, the uniform distribution of the dispersed Ti₂AlC particles, transgranular cracking, crack deflection, crack bridging and pull-out of Ti₂AlC.     

Ti3SiC2 Reinforced ZA27 Alloy Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

This work reports the fabrication and mechanical properties of Ti₃SiC₂ reinforced Zn‐27 wt. % Al alloy (denoted as ZA27). A total of 10–40 vol. % Ti₃SiC₂ reinforced ZA27 alloy composites were synthesized by hot pressing mechanically alloyed mixtures of Ti₃SiC₂ and ZA27 powders. Among the fabricated composites, 20 vol. % Ti₃SiC₂/ZA27 composite possesses the highest room temperature tensile strength, bending strength and Vickers hardness of 339 MPa, 593 MPa, and 1.13 GPa, respectively. The improved mechanical properties of the 20 vol. % Ti₃SiC₂/ZA27 composite are mainly attributed to the effects of fine‐grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening.     

Al2O3/Cu-Sn-Ti+B钎料/Ti-6Al-4V合金连接的微观结构及力学性能

在Cu-21Sn-12Ti钎料中添加不同质量分数的B粉制备Cu-Sn-Ti＋B复合钎料,然后在钎焊温度910℃保温10 min条件下钎焊Al2O3与Ti-6Al-4V合金。研究了原位生成TiB对Al2O3/Ti-6Al-4V合金接头微观结构及力学性能的影响。接头中原位生成的TiB呈晶须状均匀分布在Ti2Cu上,当采用TiB体积分数低于40%的钎料钎焊Al2O3与Ti-6Al-4V合金时,均可获得连接良好且界面致密的钎焊接头。随接头中TiB的体积分数增加,Ⅱ区中的Ti2（Cu,Al）含量增加,并逐渐变得连续,TiB的分布区Ⅲ范围增宽,Ti-6Al-4V合金向钎料中的溶解量增加。接头的室温抗剪强度随TiB的体积分数增加先上升后下降,当接头中TiB体积分数增至20%时,接头抗剪强度达最大,为70.1MPa。