反应性相容剂的制备及其在PP/玻璃纤维复合材料中的应用

以马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯为共聚单体,利用熔融接枝技术对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性;以MAH/丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯熔融接枝改性PP为相容剂,研究相容剂对PP/玻璃纤维复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:与未接枝PP相比,熔融接枝PP分子上接枝了MAH和—OH基团,而且熔融接枝反应对PP的熔点和热稳定性具有明显影响。另外,随着接枝PP含量的增加,PP/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能明显改善。当接枝PP含量为15%时,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了32%,冲击强度提高了13%,表明采用熔融共接枝工艺制备的PP具有优良的增容、偶联和分散效果。     

聚丙烯极性增容

综述了不同极性单体(MAH、GMA、AA、HEMA、MAA、PEG等)接枝改性PP,重点对苯乙烯共反应单体存在下,MAH、GMA熔融接枝PP的机理进行了详述.     

MAH接枝改性PP基木塑复合材料抗老化性能研究

利用MAH和DCP接枝改性PP,再加入一定比例的木粉、助剂制得PP基木塑复合材料.通过对比KH550共混改性PP基木塑复合材料、纯PP材料在经过2400 h紫外光加速老化试验后的吸水性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度.结果显示:MAH接枝改性PP的WPS吸水率、吸水厚度膨胀率比纯PP材料更大.老化前后MAH接枝改性PP...     

超临界CO2中聚丙烯接枝改性研究

研究了低温下聚丙烯(PP)在超临界二氧化碳中表面接枝的反应工艺,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作为引发剂,以马来酸酐(MAH)作为接枝单体,对PP进行固相接枝改性,探讨了各种因素对接枝率的影响。结果表明,在低温(60~70℃)下,温度变化对接枝率的影响不明显,其他因素对接枝率影响呈抛物线趋势。最佳接枝工艺条件为:PP 5 g,BPO 0.2 g,MAH1 g,在温度70℃、压力14 M Pa下,反应8 h。     

马来酸酐固相接枝聚丙烯纤维

了提高非极性聚丙烯纤维(PP)的相容性,采用固相法以马来酸酐(MAH)对聚丙烯纤维进行接枝改性,研究了反应条件对接枝率的影响。结果表明,马来酸酐成功接枝到聚丙烯上,当反应温度为80℃,PP用量为0.5 g,MAH用量为0.2 g,BPO用量为0.05 g,回流时间为2.5 h时,最大接枝率可达到7.51%;BPO的用量、MAH单体的用量以及反应温度对PP纤维的接枝率影响较大。而测定PP纤维接枝率时回流时间对其接枝率的影响不大;接枝聚丙烯纤维的分解温度明显高于纯聚丙烯纤维。     

聚丙烯微波辐照固相接枝改性研究

采用微波辐照技术在聚丙烯(PP)上接枝马来酸酐(MAH),研究了反应时间、PP粒径、过氧化苯甲酰含量、PP溶胀时间、MAH含量、苯乙烯用量等对接枝率和接枝效率的影响,利用化学分析和红外光谱分析(FTIR)对接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)进行了分析和表征.结果表明,溶胀PP经微波辐照5 min即可实现MAH在PP上的接枝聚合,接枝率最高达到2.1%.     

聚丙烯塑料胶粘剂的研制

以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合,采用马来酸酐(MAH)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP)；研究了处理条件、固化条件、反应温度、反应时间、MAH的用量、BPO的用量对聚丙烯(PP)塑料胶粘剂粘接性能的影响,得到一种对PP塑料粘接性能较佳的胶粘剂。采用FTIR表征了产品的结构。     

蒙脱土对聚丙烯熔融接枝马来酸酐的影响

在聚丙烯熔融接枝马来酸酐(MAH)中引入有机蒙脱土(OMMT),讨论了OMMT/DCP(1∶1)、MAH的加入量对PP接枝率以及分子量的影响。结果表明PP接枝MAH的接枝率大大提高,减小了PP链的裂解。     

马来酸酐固相接枝PP的研究

本文系统研究了马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚丙烯的固相反应工艺,探讨了各因素对接枝率的影响.结果表明,在过氧化物存在下,在惰性气体环境中,于100～150℃范围内,MAH和PP可进行固相接枝反应,较好的配方是PP100,MAH10,引发剂1(质量份);较好的工艺条件是130～150℃,30～40min.与熔融接枝相比,在单体浓度和引发剂浓度均相同的情况下,固相接枝的接枝率高于前者,所制备的MAH—g—PP在PP—CaCO_3复合物中起到了显著的增容和改性作用.     

马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯及降解机理研究

用双螺杆挤出机研究了加入助剂和不加助剂的马来酸酐(MAH)对聚丙烯(PP)的熔融接枝改性.采用正交试验优化了熔融接枝工艺条件.用接枝物的熔融流动速率(MI)来表征PP降解程度,系统研究了单体MAH、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和助剂硫代二丙酸二月桂酯(ABX)用量对PP降解的影响.分析了PP降解机理以及助剂ABX抑制PP降解的机理.分析表明PP降解副反应是由引发剂作用下产生的PP大分子自由基和由MAH作用下产生的PP大分子自由基引起的;ABX助剂一方面由于它的供电子基减小了PP发生分子内和分子间自由基的转移反应,类似于负向催化剂的作用,降低了PP降解,另一方面降低了MAH激态分子的活性,也降低了PP的降解.     

DMDBS成核改性聚丙烯抗菌薄膜的研究

以二(3,4-二甲基二苄叉)山梨糖醇(DMDBS)为成核剂,油酸酰胺改性载银磷酸锆为抗菌剂,聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,制备了成核剂母粒、抗菌剂母粒和PP抗菌薄膜,并对PP抗菌薄膜的抗菌性能、光学性能及力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明:经DMDBS改性的PP抗菌薄膜,球晶尺寸减小,结晶密度增大,结晶温度提高;含0.2%DMDBS和0.8%改性载银磷酸锆的PP薄膜的纵、横向拉伸强度分别为49.92、33.42MPa,透光率为88.5%,雾度为3.0%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率分别为99.33%和98.35%。     

聚丙烯共混改性对其聚结除油性能的影响

采用不同性质的添加剂(CPB、CTAB、PVDF、硅蜡和长链烷基硅油)对聚丙烯进行共混改性,研究了不同改性剂对聚丙烯材料表面亲油亲水性的影响,以及改性材料在油水分离过程中的聚结除油性能。结果表明,除PVDF外,同样添加量下的不同改性剂,或同一添加剂的不同添加量,改性聚丙烯的亲水角和亲油角之差越小,越有利于聚丙烯聚结除油性能的提高;由于PVDF的疏水疏油性,有利于改性材料表面油膜的流动、脱落,以及水中油滴的聚结,其对除油效率的提高要明显高于其它的改性剂。     

茂金属弹性体在聚丙烯薄膜中的应用

以茂金属弹性体为增韧树脂,对聚丙烯(PP)进行共混增韧改性,用下吹水冷方法生产PP薄膜。测试结果表明,改性后的PP薄膜,在保持其优良挺括性的同时,提高了在低温条件下的耐冲击和跌落性能。     

Polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted acrylic acid blends for multilayer films: Preparation and characterization

Polypropylene (PP) was functionalized with acrylic acid (AA) and styrene (st) as a comonomer by means of a radical‐initiated melt‐grafting reaction. FTIR, ESCA, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize the formation of polypropylene grafted with acrylic acid (PP‐g‐AA) and polypropylene grafted with acrylic acid and styrene (PP‐g‐AAst). The content of AA grafted onto PP was determined by using volumetric titration. Blends of PP with 0–100 wt % of PP‐g‐AA were prepared by melt mixing. The effect of the modified polymer content on the surfaces of cast films was characterized through FTIR–ATR and ESCA analysis as well as contact‐angle, wetting‐tension, and ink‐adhesion measurements. The influence of the content of AA on the melting and crystallization temperature of PP was investigated by DSC. The contact angles of water on cast‐film surfaces of PP/PP‐g‐AA blends decreases with increasing modified polymer content and decreasing PP‐g‐AA molecular weight. A notorious improvement on wetting tension was observed with increasing modified polymer content and decreasing PP‐g‐AA molecular weight. From FTIR–ATR and ESCA spectra of the blends, a calculation was made of the carbonyl index on the films' surfaces. It was found that the higher the carbonyl index, the lower the contact‐angle value for the polypropylene blends. An increase in crystallization temperature of PP was observed when AA monomers were grafted into PP and with increasing PP‐g‐AA content in the blend, probably caused by a nucleation effect of AA monomers that would improve the crystallization capability of PP. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1497–1505, 2001     

Surface modification of polypropylene film by grafting with vinyl monomers for the attachment of chitosan

Polypropylene (PP) film activated by corona discharge treatment was grafted with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA). The grafted PP was characterized by spectral, thermal analysis and swelling behavior which confirmed the occurrence of the grafting. The water vapor and oxygen permeability (OTR and WVTR) as well as the mechanical properties have been enhanced by grafting with both AA and MMA. The grafted PP was further immobilized with chitosan (CS) using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator under ultraviolet radiation. The chitosan immobilized grafted film was characterized by FTIR, mechanical properties, thermal properties and swelling measurements. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that the CS is bonded to the grafted PP film. The CS modified PP film has acquired enhanced antibacterial and antifungal properties.     

可熔化道路沥青包装袋的研制

在聚丙烯（PP）中加入适合的改性剂,可克服PP脆化温度高、与沥青相容性差的缺点。通过对原料混合、造粒工艺的优化和工艺参数的调整,改善了吹膜工艺中存在的薄膜褶皱多、吹膜稳定性差的问题,使改性PP包装膜实现了大批量、高效率的封切制袋生产。     

Melt grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane and water crosslinking of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer blends

The melt grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) onto polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) blends was studied. The effect of VTMS, EPDM and initiator concentrations on mechanical properties, melt flow index (MFI) and gel content of the modified PP/EPDM samples were investigated. The influence of coagents, i.e. styrene and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate was also studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fractured surface of PP/EPDM and the modified PP/EPDM blends. The VTMS grafting reaction was in situ monitored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the thermal and crystallization behavior of VTMS-crosslinked PP/EPDM blends were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and DSC, respectively. It had been found that the thermal stability of VTMS-crosslinked PP/EPDM was improved. DSC measurements showed that the grafting reaction occurs from 170 to 220 °C and the crystallization temperatures increased compared with those of the untreated PP/EPDM.     

成核剂YS-688改性抗菌PP薄膜的研究

以聚丙烯（PP）为基体树脂,改性载银磷酸锆为抗菌剂,YS-688（二苄叉山梨醇衍生物）为成核剂,制备抗菌剂母粒、成核剂母粒和抗菌PP薄膜,研究了成核剂改性抗菌PP薄膜性能。结果表明：经YS-688改性的抗菌PP薄膜,球晶尺寸减小,结晶密度增大,结晶温度提高;含0．9％改性载银磷酸锆和0.3％YS-688的PP薄膜,其拉伸强度（纵向／横向）51．16／31．88MPa,透光率88．8％,雾度2．9％,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抗菌率为99．26％和99．57％,物理力学性能和抗菌性能优良。     

氯化聚丙烯/丙烯酸酯接枝物的合成和性能研究

采用溶液法用混合单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）对氯化聚丙烯（CPP）进行接枝改性,制备出不同接枝率的改性CPP,并对接枝产物进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,探讨了改性CPP在PP底材上得附着性能。结果表明：改性CPP在PP板材上具有良好的附着力;随着接枝率的提高,改性CPP与丙烯酸树脂的相容性增强。     

Adsorption of urokinase by polypropylene films with various amine groups

Polypropylene films with various amine groups were prepared by radiation‐induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) films and the subsequent amination of poly‐GMA graft chains were examined. The physical and chemical properties of the GMA‐grafted PP film and the aminated PP film were investigated by IR, SEM, XPS, and TGA. The adsorption of urokinase for the PP films modified with various amine groups was examined under various conditions of different amine group contents and pH values. The adsorption of urokinase increased by increasing the amine group content. In the range of amine group content from 1.0 to 2.7 mmol/g, the adsorption of urokinase by the PP films modified with six kinds of amines was in the following order: trimethylamine > diethylenetriamine > triethylenetetraamine > ethylenediamine > dimethylamine > diethyleneamine. The adsorption amounts of urokinase by the PP film with the trimethylamine and triethylenetetraamine groups at pH 7.4 were higher than those at pH 9. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2851–2858, 2001