YS—80调节器参数自整定系统的实际应用

本文介绍了ＹＳ－８０自整定调节器在离子膜烧碱装置的ｐＨ控制系统开车过程中的应用。应用参数自整定原理解决了ＰＩＤ参数自整定问题。克服了负荷变化频繁、系统干扰等因素的影响，在生产过程控制中得到较好地应用。     

智能自整定PIK调节器的进展

介绍了国外最有代表性的两类型智能自整定ＰＩＤ调节器，即加辨识信号的智能自整定调节器和专家系统智能自整定调节器。重点分析了美国ＦＯＸＢＯＲＯ－ＥＸＡＣＴ专家系统自整定ＰＩＤ调节器的原理和方法，指出了专家系统智能自整定调节器代表着当今智能仪表的发展方向，开发新的，优良的专家自整定调节器应具有自学习，自组织，自适应的综合功能。     

智能自整定PID调节器的进展

介绍了国外最有代表性的两种类型智能自整定ＰＩＤ调节器，即加辨识信号的智能自整定调节器和专家系统智能自整定调节器。重点分析了美国ＦＯＸＢＯＲ－ＥＸＡＣＴ专家系统自整定ＰＩＤ调节器的原理和方法，指出了专家系统智能自整定调节器代表着当今智能仪表的发展方向，开发新的、优良的专家自整定调节器应具有自学习、自组织、自适应的综合功能。     

几种新型PID调节器参数的整定法

介绍基于增益优化、对象阶跃呼应特征值、总和时间常数等几种９０年代初期推出的新型ＰＩＤ调节器参数的整定方法。     

采用模糊控制实现PTA半连续法聚酯切片生产的优化控制

运用系统工程的方法，在实现ＰＴＡ半连续法涤纶聚酯切片生产的过程控制时，采用可编程序控制器Ｆ１－６０ＭＲ和四回路调节器ＤＴＺＢ－４１１０Ｔ，采取精确ＰＩＤ与模糊控制相结合的控制规律，实现了关联系统的去耦和协调优化控制，达到了控制系统的总体目标。     

SIPART DR24可编程序调节器在3000T／年CPE中的应用

从功能模块组态、工作原理等方面叙述了利用ＳＩＰＡＲＴ ＤＲ ２４调节器构成ＣＰＥ中氯化过程控制系统。     

串级控制系统调节器作用方向的判定

通过分析串级控制系统主、副回路特性和环节的作用方向,以等效环节替代串级控制系统副回路,得到系统的等效控制框图。在此基础上,通过先副回路后主回路、环节作用方向乘积为负的原则判定主、副调节器的作用方向,得到串级控制系统中主调节器作用方向和主对象作用方向相反的结论。该结果简化了串级控制系统判定过程,能快速判定调节器的作用方向。     

PID控制参数的快速经验整定法

本文介绍了常用的ＰＩＤ控制原理，ＰＩＤ参数的快速整定方法以及通过应用于聚是生产线的Ｉ／Ａ集散控制系统上实践得出的ＰＩＤ参数整定经验数据。     

变频调速器在中小型蒸汽锅炉汽包水位控制中的应用

介绍了由变送器、调节器、执行器和调节阀组成的汽包水位控制系统和由变频调速器组成的汽包水位控制系统的原理及控制,并对2种控制系统进行了比较,认为由变频调速器组成的汽包水位控制系统在中小型企业中具有应用优势。     

KMM调节器在氨厂变换炉敏点温度串级比值控制中的应用

分析了氮厂变换炉的工作原理，介绍了KMM可编程调节器的特点．对二者构成的串级比值控制系统进行了设计与分析。并给出了采用KMM可编程调节器实现变换炉敏点温度控制的组态图和主要控制数据表。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。