亚麻织物的天然染料栀子黄无媒染工艺研究

以水为溶剂提取栀子黄,并用该提取液对亚麻织物进行染色,通过实验确定了栀子黄提取和直接染色的最佳工艺.为了提高栀子黄对亚麻织物的上染率和染色牢度,选用了固色刺NMR-1进行处理,以取代传统的媒染工艺,并对影响固色效果的主要因素进行了探讨,获得了优化工艺.结果表明,在优化的工艺条件下,固色处理可以明显改善栀子黄对亚麻织物的染色性能,其效果优于媒染工艺.     

微波处理羊毛的染色性能研究

通过扫描电镜和激光拉曼光谱等技术研究了预处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态结构和二硫键含量的变化。讨论了微波辐射功率和时间对羊毛织物回潮率的影响。采用微波对羊毛进行辐射处理,通过研究微波辐射功率和辐射时间对羊毛染色织物表观得色量的影响优化出了处理羊毛的最佳工艺条件。通过最佳处理条件对羊毛织物进行处理,并且采用毛用兰纳素活性染料和派拉丁1∶1金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行染色,通过上染速率曲线测试了处理前后羊毛的上染性能。对比分析了羊毛织物未经微波预处理和经微波预处理染色后的上染率、固着率和总固着率等染色性能。     

生物能纤维针织面料的染色工艺

采用高温高压的染色方法,通过分散染料上染生物能纤维针织面料,对影响其染色性能的助剂用量、染液pH值、升温速率、固色时间这4个主要因素进行单因素分析,并采用正交试验的方法对其染色工艺进行优化,最后通过对染色色牢度进行评定,得出上染生物能纤维针织面料的最佳染色工艺。     

凝胶态腈纶的染色工艺与结构性能研究

主要研究了阳离子染料浓度、染色时间、染色温度等工艺条件对凝胶态腈纶上染率的影响,得出染料质量分数高于6%、染色时间大于20 s时,上染率基本达到饱和。研究还发现染色温度的最佳范围为45～50℃。在优化染色条件后测试了染色后纤维的色牢度、纤维结构,发现纤维的沾色牢度达到4～5级,纤维的断裂伸长率有所降低,但对纤维的微晶态结构没有较大影响。研究结果对凝胶染色腈纶的工业化生产有非常好的指导作用。     

阳离子染料可染涤纶短纤维染色饱和值的测定

阳离子可染聚酯(CDP)短纤维的染色饱和值(Sf)是衡量纤维染色性能和制定合理染色工艺的重要参数,目前其测定方法还没有具体统一的标准。采用直接法,以亚甲基蓝为标准染料,研究了染色温度、时间、染浴的p H值及染料的平衡上染率等因素对CDP短纤维的Sf的影响,确定CDP短纤维Sf测定的最佳条件。结果表明:CDP短纤维Sf的测定的最佳条件为浴比1∶100,染料质量分数2.5%,染色温度125℃,保温时间120 min,染浴的p H值4.5,染料的平衡上染率80%~95%,CDP短纤维的Sf约2.6%。     

紫甘蓝色素染桑蚕丝织物试验研究

天然紫甘蓝色素是矢车菊类花色苷,目前主要用于食品着色。以紫甘蓝色素为染料,用直接法、媒染法对蚕丝纤维进行了染色试验。依据染色深度效果,对染色方案进行了正交试验优化,确定了较适合的染色方案。直接染色法最佳染色工艺：T=100℃,pH=4,NaCl=5g/L,染料浓度=5X／5;△E^＊=58．31。媒染法染色最佳条件：T=80℃,pH=4,owf％=8,拧绞次数=6,△E^＊=56．54。     

染色对PTT纤维聚集态结构的影响

研究了染色温度和时间对PTT纤维上染率和聚集态结构的影响。结果表明,随染色温度升高,PTT纤维的上染率提高,最佳染色温度为110℃;在110℃时,染料分子容易进入纤维的非晶区,染色开始时纤维的上染率明显升高,染色时间对纤维上染率的影响不大;在90℃时,染色前期PTT纤维的上染率较低,随着染色时间的延长,纤维的结晶度和晶区取向降低,上染率明显升高;在130℃时,纤维的冷结晶过程容易发生,大分子链排列紧密,纤维的上染率降低。     

阳离子改性剂GX-H23对菠萝叶纤维的改性及染色性能研究

用阳离子改性剂GX-H23对脱胶后的菠萝叶纤维进行改性,用活性红K-2G在无盐的条件下染色。分析了改性剂浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、改性温度及时间对染料上染百分率的影响。得到的最佳改性工艺条件为:改性剂15 g/L;氢氧化钠20 g/L;改性温度60℃;时间40分钟。与未改性纤维在传统条件下染色相比较,改性后的菠萝叶纤维在无盐条件下染色上染百分率明显提高。     

蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱染色效果影响因素分析

为迎合市场对蚕蛹蛋白纤维应用的需求,对蚕蛹蛋白纤维和天丝混纺纱进行了染色性能测试分析。以上染率及K/S值作为衡量指标,对上染后的蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱进行上染效果评估。通过综合考虑,确定最佳染色工艺如下:1%(o.m.f.)的活性蓝M-2GE染料,浴比1∶20,平平加O质量浓度为0.5 g/L,硫酸钠质量浓度为25 g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度为15 g/L,上染温度和时间分别为65℃和45 min,固色温度和时间分别为70℃和35 min。经最优工艺染色后,蚕蛹蛋白纤维针织面料染色牢度较好,符合染色质量要求。     

降解壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料低盐染色中的应用

采用降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行预处理,比较处理前后棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率及耐摩擦牢度,在此基础上研究低盐工艺对棉织物活性染料染色的上染率、固色率的影响。实验结果表明降解壳聚糖预处理棉织物显著改善活性染料染色性能,提高染料上染率,减少了染整加工过程中对环境造成的污染。降解壳聚糖预处理的最佳工艺条件:浸渍温度80℃、降解壳聚糖用量0.8%(owf)、浸渍时间30 min。     

Comparison of the structures and properties of Lyocell fibers from high hemicellulose pulp and high α‐cellulose pulp

Lyocell fibers were produced from a cheap pulp with a high hemicellulose content and from a conventional pulp with a high α‐cellulose content. The mechanical properties, supermolecular structure, fibrillation resistance, and dyeing properties as well as the fibril aggregation size of the high hemicellulose Lyocell fiber and high α‐cellulose Lyocell fiber were compared. The results showed that the high hemicellulose spinning solution could be processed at a higher concentration, which improved the mechanical properties and the efficiency of the fiber process. Compared with the high α‐cellulose Lyocell fiber, the high hemicellulose Lyocell fiber had better fibrillation resistance and dyeing properties. Therefore, it is feasible that this cheap pulp with a high hemicellulose content can be used as a raw material for producing Lyocell fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

干燥方法对几种植物染色能力的影响

本文研究了蓝桉树皮和洋葱皮干燥方法对化学浆染色能力的影响。这些植物材料含有丰富的多酚类化合物,如单宁酸、花青素和其他黄酮类化合物,是天然的着色剂。本文研究了不同条件下的自然干燥、空气干燥和冷冻干燥三种方法。此外,还研究了提取条件对两种植物样本染色能力的影响。自然干燥的植物样本与空气干燥和冷冻干燥的植物样本相比,呈现出很弱的染色能力。空气干燥和冷冻干燥具有相似的染色结果。在空气干燥实验中,在低温（T=30℃）和高湿度（95％RH）条件下干燥可以获得很强的染色能力。而对于提取条件,染色能力主要取决于提取温度,而停留时间对染色能力影响甚微。     

避蚊胺对间位芳纶分散染料载体染色的影响

为了寻找简便环保、成本低廉的芳纶染色方法,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射法(XRD)等方法,考察了避蚊胺N,N-二乙基-间甲基苯甲酰胺(DEET)对间位芳纶结构的影响,并将DEET用于间位芳纶分散染料染色,测试了染色条件对分散染料上染率的影响。结果表明:经DEET处理后,间位芳纶的玻璃化温度降低,结晶度和纤维强力基本不变;DEET可以使分散染料对间位芳纶的染色上染率达到85%~90%,DEET用作间位芳纶分散染料染色是可行的。间位芳纶分散染料高温高压DEET载体染色的较佳工艺为:染色温度130℃,染色时间60 min,DEET质量浓度3 g/L,浴比1∶20。     

蛹蛋白/粘胶复合纤维的染色性能研究

测试了蛹蛋白/粘胶复合纤维和普通粘胶纤维的上染百分率、半染时间和扩散系数:直接大红4BS上染率71％,t1/2=18min,扩散系数是4.53×10-16m2/s;粘胶长丝的上染率76％,t1/2=13min,扩散系数6.34×10-16m2/s。Drimarene红X-6BN上染率28％,t1/2=10min,扩散系数是5.37×10-16m2/s:粘胶长丝的上染率27％,t1/2=16min;扩散系数是4.73×10-16m2/s.Megafix红B-3BF上染率16％,t1/2=14min.扩散系数是4.71×10-16m2/s;粘胶长丝的上染率6%,t1/2=21min;扩散系数1.68×10-16m2/s.其中双活性基染料对蛹蛋白/粘胶复合纤维染色的上染百分率和扩散系数犬于普通粘胶纤维,其半染时间小于普通粘胶纤维,结果表明双活性基染料可以提高蛹蛋白/粘胶复合纤维的染色效果.     

Bleaching of Rice Straw Paper Pulp and Possibilities for Replacement of Sodium Hydroxide by Ammonium Hydroxide During the Extraction Stage

Bleaching of rice straw soda pulp was investigated under various conditions. The rate of the chlorination and hypochlorite reactions were studied; the best properties were attained by shortening the chlorination time to about 20 min. The extraction efficiency of ammonium hydroxide on chlorinated soda pulp was also investigated. The effectiveness of extraction can be deduced from the reduction of the kappa number, cuprammonium viscosity and the brightness obtained after the hypochlorite step. Extraction can be carried out with ammonium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide used in the conventional method. The strengths of unbleached and fully bleached pulps were evaluated. The fully bleached ammonium hydroxide extracted pulps were beaten faster and were usually stronger than the corresponding pulps extracted with sodium hydroxide.     

新纤维染色技术进展

系统介绍了目前出现的一些新型型合成纤维(海岛型超细纤维、PLA、PTT和聚氨酯纤维)、新型天然和再生纤维(竹纤维、Lyocell、Carbace11、大豆蛋白和蚕蛹蛋白纤维)，以及转基因纤维(蜘蛛丝)的结构和染色性能。新纤维的发展，要求染色技术有相应的发展超细纤维比表面积大，染色起始温度低，匀染性和色牢度较差，对染料的各项应用性能要求较高，新型天然和再生纤维染色的主要染料为活性、酸性和直接染料，并需要相应的助剂和与之相适应的染色工艺，多种纤维混纺、交织复合制成纺织品是发展趋势，而这类纺织品的染色和所使用的染料将成为研究开发的热点。     

蓄热调温聚丙烯腈纤维的制备及性能研究

将石蜡相变微胶囊(MEPCM)添加到聚丙烯腈(PAN)的硫氰酸钠纺丝液中,通过湿法纺丝制备了蓄热调温PAN纤维,考察了MEPCM质量分数对纺丝液可纺性和纤维力学性能、热学性能及染色性能的影响。结果表明:随着MEPCM质量分数的增加,纺丝液表观黏度下降,PAN纤维的蓄热调温能力增大,纤度增大,密度减小,断裂强度和断裂伸长率下降,热分解温度略有降低;对阳离子红5GN的恒温染色速率常数增大,平衡上染量减小,半染时间缩短。     

Preparation,Chemical Composition,Characterization, and Properties of Napier Grass Paper Sheets

In this study, perennial fast growth Napier grass fibers were used for pulp and papermaking. Chlorination and alkaline processes were carried out using sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide respectively, for pulp extraction from Napier grass. Detailed chemical composition analysis of the Napier grass fibers and the extracted pulp was carried out and a comparison with other perennial grasses was made. The extracted fibers and pulp obtained from Napier grass were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical, optical, and mechanical properties of Napier grass pulp handmade paper sheets produced in the laboratory were investigated by finding the opacity, brightness, tensile index, breaking length, and burst index. Handmade paper sheets made from Napier grass pulp were compared to paper made from other perennial grasses. The superior properties of paper produced from Napier grass pulp indicate the suitability of Napier grass as an alternative non-wood source for papermaking.     

间位芳香族聚酰胺有色纤维研究进展

分析了间位芳香族聚酰胺的结构及其染色性能,探讨了间位芳香族聚酰胺有色纤维的制备工艺。并从改变分子结构、对纤维表面改性和改变染色工艺3个方面,介绍了国内外在间位芳香族聚酰胺纤维染色方面的研究进展,其中表面改性法主要有：紫外线辐射预处理法、液氨预处理法、等离子体预处理法和PE045-MeDMA预处理法;改善染色工艺的主要方法有：真空减压染色法、平幅连续快速染色法、载体染色法等。同时介绍了原液着色方法制备间位芳香族聚酰胺有色纤维的工艺与条件。     

Characterizing a novel method for blending regenerated cellulose structures with polyester filaments

The combination method of various manmade fibers with other fibers was developed to create special properties many years ago. Fibers can be mixed in a generation process, such as in solution or melt spinning, or in a fiber spinning process in the form of filaments, staple, sliver, yarn, and so on. Hybrid blended yarns are a common class of yarns in the textile industry, and the most are produced through cotton–polyester or viscose–polyester blending in the spinning process. The cellulose fibers blended in spun yarns should be at least 1 in. in length with appropriate surface properties. This causes limitations in the use of cheap materials. Cheap products owe their manufacturing to waste papers, wood trash, poor linters of cotton, spinning trash, and so on. In this study, a new method for combining regenerated cellulose structures with polyester filaments was examined; it is different from conventional hybrid polyester–viscose fiber production. In the first step, the viscose pulp was prepared and then coated on the polyester filaments in various forms. The properties, including the tensile strength, density, yarn count, moisture regain, static electricity, and dyeing, of the resulted hybrid fibers were evaluated with a variety of methods. The results show that almost all of the properties of the coated samples were improved, especially the moisture absorbance, static electricity, and dyeing properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013