3—氯甲基—4—羟基苯乙酮合成工艺研究

利用盐酸作催化剂,由对羟基苯乙酮和甲醛经缩合生成3－氯甲基－4－羟基苯乙酮,研究了该中间体合成的配料比、反应温度和反应时间对反应收率的影响。结果表明：对羟基苯乙酮、甲醛、盐酸配料摩尔比为1;2：5,反应温度为30－35℃,反应时间为3．0h,反应收率为80％,纯度符合药用标准。     

2-羟基-4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)氧苯乙酮的合成研究

以2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和异戊烯基溴为原料,合成了药物中间体2-羟基-4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)氧苯乙酮。通过TLC得到优化反应条件如下:以丙酮为溶剂、反应温度为65℃、n(2,4-二羟基苯乙酮)∶n(K2CO3)=1∶1.8、n(2,4-二羟基苯乙酮)∶n(异戊烯基溴)=1∶1.8,此时反应时间最短,目标产物收率达73%。     

莱穆尔-梯曼反应合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛的研究

2-羟基-1-萘甲醛是一种重要中间体,很有开发前景和实用价值。以2-萘酚为原料,通过莱穆尔-梯曼反应得到2-羟基-1-萘甲醛。实验考察了反应温度和氯仿的用量对收率的影响,最佳工艺条件:n(2-萘酚)∶n(氯仿)=1∶2.2,反应时间3h,反应温度为70℃。反应收率为63.0%,纯度99.5%。该工艺路线合理,反应时间短,产品收率高。     

从对羟基扁桃酸钠合成5-对羟基苯基乙内酰脲的研究

以对羟基扁桃酸钠和尿素为原料,在酸性条件下合成5-对羟基苯基乙内酰脲。考察了酸的种类及浓度、反应物比例、反应温度及反应时间对产品收率的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件是:采用3 mol/L的盐酸为催化剂,n(对羟基扁桃酸钠)∶n(尿素)=1∶4,反应温度90℃,反应时间5~6 h,产品收率可达到82.8%。     

α-溴-4-羟基苯乙酮的合成研究

在硫酸催化下,用4-羟基苯乙酮α-溴化合成了α-溴-4-羟基苯乙酮。对反应条件进行了研究和优化。优化条件:反应物摩尔比为1.0∶1.0,反应温度65~70℃;硫酸用量为反应物酮的70%(质量比),反应时间4 h。优化条件下收率83.5%。     

对叔丁基氯苄的合成工艺研究

以叔丁基苯、多聚甲醛和盐酸为原料,通过氯甲基化反应制备对叔丁基氯苄。研究了投料摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间以及催化剂对产物收率的影响,优惠工艺条件为:磷酸作催化剂,叔丁基苯∶甲醛∶氯化氢=1∶3∶3(mol/mol),反应温度80～85℃,反应时间15h。     

2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙醛的合成工艺研究

以异丁醛和甲醛为原料,三乙胺为催化剂,羟醛缩合法合成了2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙醛。考察了物料比、加料方式、反应温度和反应时间对反应结果的影响,同时考察了产品的分离精制工艺。在物料比n(异丁醛)∶n(甲醛)∶n(三乙胺)为1∶1.1∶0.02、反应温度61～65℃的优化反应条件下,反应4～5h,所得产品经水洗、减压、蒸馏和结晶后,2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙醛收率达到95%,纯度为99%以上。     

ω,ω-二溴-对苯基苯乙酮的合成研究

以对苯基苯乙酮和溴素为原料、冰醋酸为反应介质,合成了ω,ω-二溴-对苯基苯乙酮。考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应收率的影响。优化合成条件:n(溴素)∶n(对苯基苯乙酮)=2.2∶1,反应温度45～50℃,反应时间2.5h。产品总收率89.7%,熔点114～116℃。产物结构经红外光谱、核磁波谱表征。     

3,4-二羟基苯乙酮的合成

研究了邻苯二酚在不同条件下的Friedel-Crafts乙酰化反应。利用三氟化硼乙醚溶液作催化剂,乙酸为乙酰化试剂,合成了3,4-二羟基苯乙酮,并在此基础上,进一步对反应条件进行了优化。优化的条件为:n(三氟化硼)∶n(邻苯二酚)=1.2∶1.0,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,优化条件下,3,4-二羟基苯乙酮的收率达66.7%。     

7-甲氧基-4'-取代黄酮类化合物的合成

以2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酮和4种对位取代的苯甲酰氯为原料,经过酯化、重排、成环3步反应方便地合成了4种7-甲氧基-4'-取代黄酮类化合物,并对各步反应条件进行了优化,得到的优化条件为:酯化反应:常温反应0.5～4 h,n(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酮)∶n(对位取代苯甲酰氯)=1∶(1.0～1.3);重排反应:反应温度30～60℃,反应时间2～6 h;成环反应:反应温度80～100℃,反应时间2～5 h,催化剂CH3COOH/H2SO4两者体积比(15～20)∶1。目标产物总收率50%～75%,HPLC分析纯度达95%以上。化合物结构经1HNMR、IR和MS证实。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。