扬州境内湖泊浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2013年5月—2014年5月对扬州境内3个湖泊(高邮湖、邵伯湖和宝应湖)的浮游植物群落组成与水环境因子进行监测,运用相关系数法和典范对应分析(CCA)法分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:3个湖泊的群落组成均主要以硅藻、绿藻为主要优势种群,群落结构的季节变化趋势较为相似;水温、N、P是影响3个湖泊浮游植物数量的主要环境因子;CCA分析结果表明,水温和TN是影响高邮湖浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子,NH+4-N、TP和p H是影响邵伯湖浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子,CODMn、NH+4-N和TP是影响宝应湖浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子。     

邵伯湖藻类特征及蓝藻优势种运动规律探讨

2015年5月~2016年5月对扬州邵伯湖的浮游藻类群落组成与水环境因子进行监测,运用典范对应分析法(CCA)分析了浮游藻类群落结构与环境因子之间的关系,运用垂直运动模型分析了蓝藻中的优势藻在水体生态系统中的运动变化规律。结果显示:邵伯湖群落组成以绿藻、硅藻为主;CCA分析结果显示氨氮和总磷是影响邵伯湖浮游藻类群落分布的主要环境因子;蓝藻中的微囊藻是优势藻,半径大的微囊藻更易运动到水体表面,在不利水文条件下有形成蓝藻水华的风险。     

极限学习机在湖库总磷、总氮浓度预测中的应用

基于传统BP人工神经网络模型训练速度慢、参数选择困难、易陷入局部极值等问题,提出极限学习机(ELM)的水质预测模型。以云南某水库为例,选取NH₃-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N、COD_Mn和水体透明度作为网络输入,TP、TN作为输出, 构建基于ELM的湖库TP、TN预测模型,并将ELM预测结果与传统BP、GA-BP、RBF人工神经网络模型模拟结果进行比较。结果表明,ELM模型预测精度高于传统BP和RBF模型模拟结果,甚至略高于GA-BP模型的预测精度,并且ELM模型具有参数选择简便、训练速度快、不会陷入局部最优值等特点,有着较大的计算优势。     

里下河水系九龙口湖荡沉积物性状的垂向特征及环境指示意义

对里下河水系九龙口湖荡沉积物中的碳和氮及其粒径进行测定,研究碳、氮元素的垂向分布与积累状况,分析沉积物的总氮(TN)、有机氮(ON)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总有机碳(TOC)以及粒径之间的关系。结果表明:九龙口沉积物的中值粒径变化于13.44～82.01 μm,垂向变化可大致分为3段;九龙口沉积物中氮素主要为ON,无机氮以NH₄⁺-N为主,氮素质量的垂向分布特征与九龙口地区20世纪50年代以来人类活动的历史背景相一致;TOC质量比随深度的增加呈先增加后快速减小的趋势。沉积物的w(C)/w(N)介于5.67～26.08之间,指示出沉积物中有机质主要来自有纤维束的陆源植物。沉积物TOC和TN呈极显著相关,w(C)/w(N)对TOC质量比敏感,3个测点中南部湖区受人类活动影响较大。     

有机磷灭蚊剂投放浓度和时间对水体总磷的影响

为分析新型低毒有机磷杀虫剂“1%双硫磷颗粒”投放对河道水质的影响,设置不同药剂投放浓度和不同反应时间的室内试验,以TP、NH₃-N及S^2-为目标因子,分析该药剂投放后水体污染物浓度。结果表明:不同试验组水样中S^2-质量浓度均小于0.02 mg/L,NH₃-N质量浓度处于0.029~0.036 mg/L之间,均达到地表水Ⅰ类标准;不同浓度药剂投放1 h后,水体TP质量浓度已达到稳定状态,且在60 h内均保持稳定,药剂投加量与水体TP质量浓度呈显著正相关(R²=0.85);不同处理组的药剂在水体中的TP释放量无明显差异,均在1.06~1.30 mg/g之间。“1%双硫磷颗粒”推荐适宜投放量不会使河道水质恶化到劣Ⅴ类,但增加药剂投放量会增加水体TP污染及富营养化风险。     

江西省鄱阳县典型湖泊浮游植物群落结构变化及分析

为研究典型湖泊浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,选取江西省鄱阳县自然湖泊道汊湖、城市景观湖东湖、养殖湖上土湖为研究对象,于2018-2021年每年的春季(5月)、秋季(10月)进行采样。样品分析共鉴定出浮游植物8门73种,浮游植物优势门类均为绿藻门和硅藻门,其次为蓝藻门。道汊湖的主要优势种有色球藻、微囊藻、平裂藻、鱼腥藻、长孢藻;东湖的主要优势种有衣藻、十字藻、盘星藻、色球藻、微囊藻、长孢藻;上土湖的主要优势种有微囊藻、平裂藻、鱼腥藻、长孢藻。研究期间,三个湖泊浮游植物群落结构在不同年份不同季节有显著差异,其变化主要是浮游植物优势种属间再分配。影响道汊湖浮游植物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是温度(WT)、透明度(SD)、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn);影响东湖浮游植物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是SD、TN、TP、COD_Mn;影响上土湖浮游植物群落结构变化的主要环境因子是WT、SD、光照强度、DO、叶绿素a(Chla)。     

玫瑰湖国家湿地浮游植物群落结构研究

为研究玫瑰湖国家湿地秋季段浮游植物群落分布特征及其驱动因子,2020年9月于玫瑰湖国家湿地设置6个监测站点,对其浮游植物群落结构和水环境因子进行调查分析,并分别对浮游植物优势物种的丰度、生物量与水环境因子进行典范对应分析.结果表明:影响浮游植物优势种丰富度分布的主要驱动因子是pH值、电导率、总磷、水温;影响浮游植物优势...     

南京市外秦淮河水质模拟及引调水效果

为研究南京市外秦淮河不同引调水方式对秦淮河水质变化的影响并评估调水效果,建立了外秦淮河一维河网水动力和水质模型,模拟不同时期不同水源补给,包括从秦淮新河闸抽引长江水和石臼湖引水,以及在不同闸控系统运行调控方式下,外秦淮河水质的相应变化。结果表明,不同引调水方案条件下,只要满足引水水量,可以显著提高外秦淮河的水质,部分河段水质甚至可以提高1~2个等级。枯季从秦淮新河闸引水工况为50m³/s时,外秦淮河水质COD可达Ⅳ类水,NH₃-N达到Ⅴ类水;汛期从石臼湖引水工况为60m³/s时,外秦淮河水质COD可达Ⅲ类,NH₃-N达到Ⅴ类水标准。研究结论可为南京市外秦淮河环境整治调水调度运行提供参考依据。     

城市浅水湖泊水质模拟研究——以昆承湖为例

采用环境流体动力学模型(EFDC)对苏州市浅水湖泊昆承湖丰水期和枯水期水质进行模拟。结果表明,昆承湖COD高浓度带位于湖西部,东南部较低,主要受张家港河和莫城河2条入湖河道水体影响。湖西南部TP浓度较高;莫城河河道是导致昆承湖TP浓度较高的主要污染源。丰水期,NH4+-N高浓度区分布在湖西南部,莫城河河道水体对昆承湖NH4+-N浓度影响较大;枯水期,全湖西北部NH4+-N浓度较高,主要受张家港河河道水体影响。研究结果对昆承湖的水环境管理和环境综合整治有一定的参考价值。     

基于氢氧同位素的平原湖荡地表水与地下水转化研究

地表水与地下水间的相互转化以及量化地下水补给量是湖泊水循环研究的重要内容。本文采集了元荡湖区域湖水、地下水样品,测试了其氢氧稳定同位素组成和水化学组成,运用Piper三线图分析其水化学类型、通过钻孔实测的地下水埋深绘制元荡湖区域旱季(2022年12月)和雨季(2023年6月)的地下水水位等值线图,结合电导率(EC)和溶解性总固体(TDS)定性分析地表水-地下水之间的转化关系,利用同位素水量平衡方程、线性端元混合模型定量评价了湖水、地下水、河水和降水之间的转化量。结果表明,研究区湖水和地下水的水化学类型均为HCO₃^-·SO₄^2-·Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺,旱季和雨季湖水均受到地下水的补给,拟合得到的湖水旱季、雨季氢氧稳定同位素线性回归方程表明雨季斜率较小,蒸发更为强烈。湖水主要由河水、地下水和降水补给,其三者在旱季的补给比例分别为59%、26%和15%,在雨季的补给比例分别为23%、39%和38%。本文成果为元荡湖区域以及太湖流域的综合治理提供了科学依据。     

长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾藻类功能群结构组成与环境因子的关系

为研究太湖流域上游长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾三大典型浅水湖泊藻类功能群结构组成与环境因子的关系,基于2019年2月至2020年10月水文、水质及浮游植物数据,采用Q指数、香农-维纳多样性指数、TLI综合富营养化指数分析了3个湖泊的水质状况,采用非度量多维尺度变换(NMDS)分析了浮游植物群落结构组成特征,采用冗余分析探讨了浮游植物功能群与环境因子的关系。结果表明：长荡湖和滆湖水质整体属于轻度富营养化,竺山湾除冬季外,均属于中度富营养化;长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾分别有浮游植物7门61属96种、8门75属129种和6门53属124种,分别划分为9、10和11个优势功能群;3个湖泊藻类功能群变化的共同环境因子是水温、高锰酸盐指数和总磷,而总氮和氮磷比对3个湖泊功能群结构变化的作用并不明显。     

上海市淀山湖水域春夏季水质特征及环境容量分析

根据2011-2015年间春夏季对上海市淀山湖水域中pH、水温、溶解氧、总氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮及总磷等环境因子的调查结果,分析水体中氮磷变化特征及营养盐限制状态,采用综合营养状态指数法对水体富营养化现状进行评价,利用数学模型估算淀山湖主要特征污染物的环境容量。结果表明:调查期间TN、TP春季与夏季存在显著差异,除2014年TP季节规律不明显外,春季TN、TP含量显著高于同年夏季;淀山湖三态氮含量排序,NO_3~-—N含量最高,TAN其次,NO-2—N最低,淀山湖水域三态氮基本达到热力学平衡;氮磷Pearson相关性分析表明湖库整体呈氧化性环境,氮磷补给具有异源性。根据水中营养物限制性分类标准分析得出,大多数情况下淀山湖水域氮磷比例合理,少数情况下营养盐限制状态以磷限制为主,氮磷限制状态交替存在的情况,可能会对浮游植物生长和群落演替产生影响。综合营养状态指数法计算结果表明调查期间淀山湖均处于富营养化状态,其中2014年之前基本处于中度富营养化状态,2014年以后处于轻度富营养化状态。环境容量分析表明除2014年夏季CODMn外,调查期间淀山湖水体CODMn、TN及TP的污染负荷现状均大于同期保护目标要求的水环境容量,为达到水环境保护的目标,需要进行不同程度的削减。     

Effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton biomass during bloom seasons in Taihu Lake

Long-term variations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), nutrients,and suspended solids (SS) in Taihu Lake, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, during algal bloom seasons from May to August were analyzed using the monthly investigated data from 1999 to 2007. The effective accumulated water temperature (EAWT) in months from March to June was calculated with daily monitoring data from the Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research (TLLER).The concentrations of Chl-a and nutrients significantly decreased from Meiliang Bay to Central Lake. Annual averages of the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and Chl-a concentrations, and EAWT generally increased in the nine years. In Meiliang Bay, the concentration of Chl-a was significantly correlated with EAWT, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N ), TN, the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP),TP, and SS. In Central Lake, however, the concentration of Chl-a was only correlated with EAWT, TP, and SS. Multiple stepwise linear regression revealed that EAWT, dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and TP explained 99.2% of the variation of Chl-a in Meiliang Bay, and that EAWT, NH4+-N, and TP explained 98.7% of the variation of Chl-a in Central Lake. Thus EAWT is an important factor influencing the annual change of phytoplankton biomass. Extreme climate change, such as extremely hot springs or cold springs, could cause very different bloom intensities in different years. It is also suggested that both nutrients and EAWT played important roles in the growth of phytoplankton in Taihu Lake. The climate factors and nutrients dually controlled the risk of harmful algal blooms in Taihu Lake. Cutting down phosphorus and nitrogen loadings from catchments should be a fundamental strategy to reduce the risk of blooms in Taihu Lake.     

A comparative examination of recent changes in nutrients and lower food web structure in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron

The lower food webs of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan have experienced similar reductions in the spring phytoplankton bloom and summer populations of Diporeia and cladocerans since the early 2000s. At the same time phosphorus concentrations have decreased and water clarity and silica concentrations have increased. Key periods of change, identified by using a method based on sequential t-tests, were 2003–2005 (Huron) and 2004–2006 (Michigan). Estimated filtration capacity suggests that dreissenid grazing would have been insufficient to directly impact phytoplankton in the deeper waters of either lake by this time (mid 2000s). Despite some evidence of decreased chlorophyll:TP ratios, consistent with grazing limitation of phytoplankton, the main impact of dreissenids on the offshore waters was probably remote, e.g., through interception of nutrients by nearshore populations. A mass balance model indicates that decreased phosphorus loading could not account for observed in-lake phosphorus declines. However, model-inferred internal phosphorus dynamics were strongly correlated between the lakes, with periods of increased internal loading in the 1990s, and increased phosphorus loss starting in 2000 in Lake Michigan and 2003 in Lake Huron, prior to dreissenid expansion into deep water of both lakes. This suggests a limited role for deep populations of dreissenids in the initial phosphorus declines in the lakes, and also suggests a role for meteorological influence on phosphorus dynamics. The high synchrony in lower trophic level changes between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron suggests that both lakes should be considered when investigating underlying causal factors of these changes.     

多种修复技术对城市内河水质及微生物群落的影响

采集城市内河水样,分别采用曝气增氧、碳源添加、生物投菌和综合修复等技术,在实验室进行水质修复模拟实验,并以水质参数、微生物多样性及丰度为鉴定指标,分析不同修复技术对城市河流水质的修复效果及其对河流微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,曝气、生物投菌和综合修复技术可以提高河流微生物群落结构多样性,水体微生物群落以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)为主;而使用碳源添加技术的水样,河流微生物的多样性下降明显,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度达到了93%;水质修复方面,曝气增氧技术和生物投菌技术都仅能降低水体COD质量浓度,无法降低水体TN及NH+4-N质量浓度;碳源添加和综合修复技术,对水体TN和NH+4-N的去除效果明显,但投加碳源的河流水体中的COD质量浓度显著上升;相关性分析结果表明,影响水体微生物群落结构的主要环境因子为COD和DO。     

Phytoplankton composition and biomass in tropical soda Lake Shala: seasonal changes in response to environmental drivers

Although soda lakes are valuable, sensitive aquatic resources where phytoplankton play a decisive role for the entire ecological functions, they are among the least‐studied ecosystems. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition, abundance and biomass in relation to some environmental parameters of the little known, deep, large, volcanic and saline–alkaline Lake Shala were investigated over an annual cycle. The lake phytoplankton community consisted of relatively diverse taxa (23) belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Cryptophyta, Cyanoprokaryota and Dinophyta. Bacillariophyceae and Cryptophyta were the dominant groups throughout the annual cycle, accounting for about 57% and 22% of the total number of species, and 28% and 69% of the total abundance of the phytoplankton community, respectively. Cryptomonas spp. were most abundant throughout nearly all months, contributing about 59%–95% of total phytoplankton abundance, followed by Thalassiosira sp. (1%–35%). The chlorophyll‐a concentration, as a proxy for algal biomass, was generally low (mean 17 μg L^?1), exhibiting only small seasonal variation. The strong, inverse relation of chlorophyll‐a with water transparency (r = ?0.69; n = 11) and the persistent dominance of species adapted to low‐light conditions and mixing suggest the overriding importance of these factors in controlling the lake's phytoplankton. The results of the present study generally suggest the phytoplankton composition and biomass in Lake Shala exhibited muted seasonal changes, despite the environmental perturbations, probably because of the lake's high buffering capacity against allochthonous impacts because of its voluminous nature.     

Water quality and transparency characteristics during the Planktothrix abundance period in shallow Lake Kasumigaura,Japan

Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes cause serious environmental problems on a global scale. Planktothrix (a filamentous cyanobacterium) blooms occurred during winter and spring from 2007 to 2011 in Lake Kasumigaura, a eutrophic lake located in Japan. This study analysed water quality during the period of Planktothrix abundance (2007–2010) at the centre of Lake Kasumigaura and compared it to that in the succeeding period, which did not have Planktothrix blooms (2012–2015). The average phytoplankton biovolume during the abundance period was larger than that in the succeeding period, which would contribute to the high chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn; annual average of 9.7 mg/L) in the abundance period, compared to the succeeding period (7.6 mg/L). The total phosphorus concentration peaked in spring and summer in the abundance period, but only in summer in the succeeding period, whereas the seasonal variation in total nitrogen concentration between the two periods was relatively small. The annual average transparency (Secchi disc depth) increased before the abundance period due to a decrease in fixed suspended solid, which is comprised mainly of inorganic matter. It is likely that the change in irradiance conditions affected the occurrence of Planktothrix blooms.     

淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构特征

于2017年4月、7月、10月和2018年1月对淮北采煤塌陷区东湖和刘桥湖两个小型湖泊进行采样调查,探讨轮虫群落结构的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。东湖共记录轮虫13科15属32种,刘桥湖共记录10科12属25种。东湖轮虫的年平均密度和生物量(2 722个/L和3.04 mg/L)明显高于刘桥湖(1 311个/L和1.30 mg/L);东湖主要优势种为刺盖异尾轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫、长三肢轮虫、广布多肢轮虫和螺形龟甲轮虫,刘桥湖主要优势种为暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫、小链巨头轮虫、广布多肢轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫和迈氏三肢轮虫;东湖和刘桥湖水体呈中度富营养状态;水温、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a质量浓度是影响两湖轮虫群落结构变化的重要因素,鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力间接影响了两湖轮虫群落结构的变化。     

牛栏江—滇池补水工程对滇池外海的水环境改善效果研究

利用牛栏江-滇池补水工程运行前后的水质实测资料,对滇池外海的水环境改善效果进行研究。选取TP、TN、NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)、Chl-a、SD等主要水环境指标,从指标浓度变化、水质类别变化、指标向好率变化和极大值变化等方面分析牛栏江-滇池补水工程对滇池外海的水环境改善效果。结果表明,牛栏江-滇池补水工程运行后,滇池外海各监测站点的TP、TN、NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)、Chl-a、SD及营养状态指数均优于调水前,富营养化水平明显好转,水环境改善成效显著。     

阳澄西湖入湖河道水质时空变化特征

基于2007—2019年阳澄西湖入湖河道逐月水质监测数据,分析了阳澄西湖入湖河道水质时空变化特征。结果表明:阳澄西湖入湖河道呈现出氮磷营养盐春季含量较高的特点;氨氮、总氮和高锰酸盐指数年均质量浓度整体呈下降趋势,2019年比2007年分别下降78.7%、47.9%和34.8%;总磷年均质量浓度2015年后有较大幅度下降,2015—2019年均值比2007—2014年均值下降45.3%;阳澄西湖主要入湖河道中,水质较差的是蠡塘河和白荡,主要污染因子为氨氮、总磷及总氮。