聚焦波浪在潜堤上传播变形的数值模拟

该文以一组色散关系得到改进的完全非线性Boussinesq方程建立了一个波浪模型,通过与均匀水深条件下聚焦波浪的实验结果进行对比说明该模型可以很好的模拟聚焦波浪,然后应用该模型聚焦波浪在一前后坡度对称的潜堤上的非线性传播变形。结果表明:随着水深的减小波峰越来越尖,波谷越来越平坦,所对应的能谱在高次谐频部分也有较大的增长,但在堤顶部分和反变浅区域,波浪的群性随着水深的增大而越来越不明显,对应的频谱表明在这段区域内有反向能量传递存在。另外,在反变浅区域主波频率附近的自由波能量有所增加,这说明频率的峰度也会减小。     

波浪在潜堤上传播的非线性参数分析

利用完全非线性Boussinesq方程数值模型,通过与不规则波浪理论谱、物理模型实验进行了对比验证,证明了该模型模拟不规则波浪的有效性。应用该模型研究了不规则波浪在缓坡潜堤上传播时,波浪非线性参数的变化。波浪在经过缓坡潜堤过程中,波浪的不对称度有一个由负变正的过程,并且最小值出现在堤顶前部区域,最大值出现在堤顶后部区域。波浪的偏度在变浅区逐渐增大,在堤顶中部区域达到最大值,之后偏度在反变浅区逐渐减小到零附近。极值出现的位置可能是潜堤受波浪冲刷破坏比较严重的位置。基于几个典型位置波面过程线的波形变化及其波浪谱变化分析了这些参数变化的原因。分析了变浅区、反变浅区、堤顶区三个区域不对称度和偏度随Ursell数的变化关系,并给出了变浅区和反变浅区波浪的不对称度和偏度与Ursell数之间的经验公式,并与相关研究进行了对比。     

抛物形缓坡方程的数值研究

对2种典型的抛物形缓坡方程进行比较系统的数值研究。通过对4种典型地形上的波浪变形的数值模拟，详细讨论了网格节点数对数值解精度的影响、模型对初始入射角的敏感程度、非线性项对数值结果的影响等。研究结果可为实际应用抛物形缓坡方程研究大区域复杂地形上的波浪传播提供一定的理论指导。     

一类弱非线性波浪数值模型及其适用性分析

研究了一类含弱非线性的改进型Boussinesq水波方程,在非交错网格下,利用有限差分法建立了混合四阶Adams-Bashforth-Moulton的预报校正格式的波浪数值模型。在数值模型中,关于空间一阶导数差分格式采用四阶精度、二阶导数差分格式采用二阶精度。针对波浪的一维、二维传播变形问题进行了数值计算,并通过与相关实验结果对比分析考察了该数值模型的适用性。     

双曲型缓坡方程的数值求解

双曲型缓坡方程是研究波浪在近岸缓坡区域传播变形的一种有效波浪数学模型。对Madsen和Larsen 提出的双曲型缓坡方程进行了数值模拟,数值模拟中采用时间层同步空间层交错的有限差分格式对双曲型缓坡 方程进行数值离散,并结合两个典型算例对所采用的数值模型进行验证。数值计算的结果表明,该数值模型可 有效地应用于双曲型缓坡方程的数值求解。     

潜堤上孤立波传播的格子Boltzmann法数值模拟

基于格子Boltzmann法建立求解不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程的数学模型,对孤立波与矩形潜堤和半圆形潜堤的相互作用过程进行了研究。通过建立二维数值水槽,采用Rayleigh推板造波,模拟了孤立波越过潜堤的过程。通过模拟速度场和自由表面,证明该模型能很好地模拟流动的分离和涡流的产生,结果与已有实验数据吻合。研究表明该模型能够模拟孤立波与潜堤相互作用中的水流分离、涡流产生、波浪破碎和传播等非线性现象。所得结论对于潜堤工程设计具有参考价值。     

利用数值耗散层改进Boussinesq模型的无反射边界条件

Boussinesq 方程是近年来比较理想的模拟近岸波浪的一个模型, 它可以考虑波浪的色散、变浅和非线性等一系列因素, 其数值模型的吸收边界通常使用一种能在较大的频率范围内减弱波浪的数值海绵层。该文从理论上提出一种利用数值耗散模拟波浪无反射边界条件的方法。通过模拟规则波和随机波在水槽的传播表明该方法可以达到与海绵层相同的效果。由于该方法不需要修改模型代码, 仅需在开边界处增加一段网格逐渐增加的耗散带, 操作简便, 有很强的实用性。     

近岸波浪破碎区污染物运动的数值模拟

波浪斜向近岸传播中由波浪破碎作用所引起的近岸波流体系是近岸非常重要的环境水动力因素,对该区域污染物的运动分布起着重要的影响作用。结合近岸波浪传播的抛物型缓坡方程、近岸波流场数学模型及污染物在近岸波流作用下运动的数学模型,对近岸斜向入射波浪破碎所产生的沿岸波流场中污染物的分布运动过程进行了数值模拟,并结合实验结果对数值模拟结果进行了分析验证。     

复式防波堤断面尺度对波浪爬高的影响研究

数值模拟是求解防波堤爬高问题的重要方法。以Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,该文建立了基于紧致插值曲线法(CIP法)的二维不可压缩流体的有限差分数值模型。通过分步算法对时间积分求解控制域,采用双曲正切函数自由面捕捉法(THINC法)对自由液面进行捕捉,采用浸入边界法IBM对固体边界进行处理,将波浪爬高问题视为固-液-气多相流问题。通过建立二维数值水槽,对波浪爬高越浪问题进行数值验证;进而在相同波浪条件下,对不同断面尺寸的复式防波堤进行波浪爬高的数值模拟。结果表明:该模型可以较好地模拟波浪过程中的变形、翻卷、破碎等强非线性现象,得出最大爬高与复式防波堤尺寸之间的关系,从而给出了最小爬高时对应的防波堤断面尺度。     

薄板结构中声场的计算研究

研究薄板结构中声场的算法对薄壁管中声波导的模拟仿真软件设计有重要理论参考价值。首先,通过弹性应变计算出激励不同分量方向上薄板二维空间质点的运动方程。其次,为了直观显示薄板中超声波的传播,对质点的运动方程进行交错网格有限差分并结合MATLAB数值分析软件对声波传播进行模拟。结合波场快照图,可使薄板中声场分布情况得到清楚显示,数值仿真结果与实际相符。模拟结果表明,该计算方法能正确模拟仿真声波的传播过程,可为软件设计提供可靠理论基础。     

Wave propagation passing over a submerged porous breakwater

A linear model of waves propagating over a submerged porous breakwater is derived from two coupled boundary-value problems, each of which represents the governing equation in a different medium. The model is similar to the shallow-water equations (SWE), with a damping term proportional to the character of the porous breakwater. Therefore, waves traveling above the breakwater will be absorbed, and the amplitude decreases. The wave propagation passing over the submerged breakwater for monochromatic and solitary waves is analyzed. For monochromatic waves, the numerical solution agrees with the analytical. The amplitude decreases exponentially with respect to the space variable in the region above the breakwater. The reflected wave is also analyzed when the model is combined with a model using the shallow-water equations.     

Love type waves in a porous layer with irregular interface

The dispersion equation is derived relating to the frequency and the phase velocity of propagation of Love waves in a nondissipative liquid filled porous solid underlain by an isotropic and homogeneous half space. The rectangular irregularity in the interface between the upper porous layer and the lower semi-infinite medium with a source in it is studied herein. The modified dispersion equation of Mal and the standard dispersion equation of Love waves are deduced as particular cases. In the present study, the frequency equation is obtained by applying the method of perturbation and the phase velocity curves have been drawn for different irregularities by using the numerical parameteric values as suggested by Biot.     

一种由横波激发的特殊非线性声现象

目前对非线性超声的研究多集中在纵波激发的谐波性质以及对材料微观结构变化的实验检测上,横波激发的非线性声波性质少有研究。对横波激发的一维非线性声波方程入手,利用摄动法求解该方程,并改写为一阶偏微分方程,然后利用交错网格的有限差分形式进行数值求解。结果表明:采用横波激发,能产生线性横波和非线性纵波,且纵波的高次谐波内有两个信号,分别以纵波和横波两种速度传播。若采用较长的激发信号,纵波谐波能形成"拍"现象,成为一种奇特的声传播现象。     

Longshore Submerged Wave Breaker for a Reflecting Beach

This paper considers the effect of a hard-wall beach on the downstream side of submerged parallel bars in a breakwater. In previous research, it was assumed that the beach can absorb all of the transmitted wave energy, when an optimal dimension for a submerged parallel bar is obtained and the wave amplitude is reduced as more bars are installed. However, for a hard-wall beach there are waves reflected from the beach that change the long-term wave interaction. We adopt the linear shallow water equations in Riemann invariant form and use the method of characteristics, in a procedure applicable to various formations of submerged rectangular bars. The distance from the parallel bar (or bars) to the beach determines the phase differences between right running waves in the beach basin and whether they superpose destructively or constructively before hitting the beach, to define the safest and the most dangerous cases. Our numerical calculations for one bar, two bars and for periodic rectangular bars confirm the analytical formulae obtained.     

Subsurface drainage of sloping lands

The problem of groundwater flow over sloping beds is investigated on the assumption that the streamlines are parallel to the sloping bed instead of being horizontal. The sloping bed is bounded below by an impermeable sublayer, and with the upper surface free. In this case, the resulting equation is the non-linear Boussinesq equation incorporating the slope factor. We solve this equation by a modified boundary integral procedure known as the Green element method (GEM). This numerical technique resolves the non-linearity of the governing equation efficiently and straightforwardly. Comparison of the results obtained herewith with those available in literature shows good agreement, and confirms that for a majority of practical cases, GEM simulation can be considered to be satisfactory.     

Symmetry Transformations and Exact Solutions of a Generalized Hyperelastic Rod Equation

In this paper, a nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients is studied, interestingly, this equation can be used to describe the travelling waves propagating along the circular rod composed of a general compressible hyperelastic material with variable cross-sections and variable material densities. With the aid of Lou’s direct method1, the nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients is reduced and two sets of symmetry transformations and exact solutions of the nonlinear wave equation are obtained. The corresponding numerical examples of exact solutions are presented by using different coefficients. Particularly, while the variable coefficients are taken as some special constants, the nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients reduces to the one with constant coefficients, which can be used to describe the propagation of the travelling waves in general cylindrical rods composed of generally hyperelastic materials. Using the same method to solve the nonlinear wave equation, the validity and rationality of this method are verified.     

Guided wave propagation in an elastic hollow cylinder coated with a viscoelastic material

The propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in an elastic hollow cylinder with a viscoelastic coating is studied. The principle motivation is to provide tools for performing a guided wave, nondestructive inspection of piping and tubing with viscoelastic coatings. The theoretical boundary value problem is solved that describes the guided wave propagation in these structures for the purpose of finding the guided wave modes that propagate with little or no attenuation. The model uses the global matrix technique to generate the dispersion equation for the longitudinal modes of a system of an arbitrary number of perfectly bonded hollow cylinders with traction-free outer surfaces. A numerical solution of the dispersion equation produces the phase velocity and attenuation dispersion curves that describe the nature of the guided wave propagation. The attenuation dispersion curves show some guided wave modes that propagate with little or no attenuation in the coated structures of interest. The wave structure is examined for two of the modes to verify that the boundary conditions are satisfied and to explain their attenuation behavior. Experimental results are produced using an array of transducers positioned circumferentially around the pipe to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical solution.     

Nonlinear wave propagation and run-up generated by subaerial landslides modeled using meshless method

The focus of present study is on water waves generated by landslides. Because such problems involve moving boundaries and large deformation of the computational domain, a 2-D numerical model is established with a meshless method and a fully nonlinear Lagrangian time marching scheme. The method chosen in this study is a RBF collocation method developed in the way that the collocations of both the governing equation and boundary conditions are applied at each of the boundary points. This guarantees the accuracies of the partial derivatives of the velocity potential near the free surface, which results in the precise prediction of the free surface. A very effective treatment is proposed for the landslide boundary in this study. Present model is verified by comparing the numerical results of waves generated by a submerged landslide with other numerical solutions, including those obtained using the BIEM and Boussinesq-type models. Fairly good agreements are observed. Present model is then applied to simulate subaerial landslide-induced waves. Various slopes are considered. The landslide-induced wave propagation and shoreline motions are examined. The effects of sliding horizontal distance along a given slope on the induced wave are also discussed.