Cu48Zr45Al7块体非晶合金的晶化行为及热力学性能研究

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备出了片状Cu48Zr45Al7,块体非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,样品为完全非晶.利用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)在不同的升温速率下连续加热测得该片状非晶合金的热稳定性参数值,均随着升温速率的增加而增加,表明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均存在显著的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法计算出其玻璃转变温度激活能(Eg)、晶化温度激活能(Ex)和峰值温度激活能(Ep)分别为424.7 kJ·mol-1,326.3 kJ·mol-1和297.1kJ·mol-1.从热力学模型角度出发,对该合金的非晶形成能力进行了分析,计算出其混合焓ΔHchem=-25.55 kJ.mol-1和归一化错配熵So/kB=0.78.结果表明,该块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力(AFA)NI良好的热稳定性.     

Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6大块非晶合金的变温晶化动力学研究

采用差热分析法(DTA)研究了具有高玻璃形成能力的Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6块体非晶合金的变温晶化动力学.由热分析曲线得到玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp1、Tp2,这些特征温度具有明显的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法和Ozawa法分别计算出不同升温速率下该Fe基块体非晶合金的玻璃转变激活能Eg、晶化激活能Ex与激活能Ep1、Ep2.采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法解释了此大块非晶合金具有高的热稳定性的热力学机制.     

Cu50Zr42Al8块状非晶合金的变温晶化行为研究

研究了Cu50Zr42Al8大块非晶合金在连续升温过程中的晶化行为.结果表明,随升温速度的加快,玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx、晶化峰值温度Tp都向高温区移动,过冷温度区△Tx扩大;运用Kissinger法分别计算出玻璃转变激活能Eg为417.19 kJ/mol、晶化起始激活能Ex为332.18kJ/mol、晶化峰的激活能Ep为327.70kJ/mol;并运用FWO法计算晶化阶段激活能Ex,随晶化量的增大,阶段激活能呈逐渐减小的趋势,且在最初的阶段(晶化量小于5%),激活能迅速减小.分析表明,Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.     

Zr_(47)Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金的变温晶化行为

利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了Zr_(47) Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金在连续升温过程中的的变温晶化行为.利用Kissinger方法计算其特征温度表观激活能,利用Doyle方法计算其局域激活能.结果表明,Zr_(47) Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.利用Kissinger方法计算得到的其玻璃转变激活能E_g为390.2kJ/mol、晶化激活能E_x为325.1kJ/mol、晶化峰值的激活能E_p为299.5kJ/mol.随着加热速率的提高,各特征温度值向高温端移动,其晶化峰值温度所对应的晶化体积分数减小.局域激活能随着非晶晶化体积分数的增加而逐渐减小.     

W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学研究

采用单辊急冷法制备了W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶薄带,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热分析仪(DSC)研究了该非晶合金的变温晶化动力学。结果表明：玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp均随着升温速率的增加而提高,具有明显的动力学效应;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程求出的W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的晶化激活能Ex分别达456.9kJ/mol和471.1kJ/mol,非晶合金具有较强的热稳定性;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算得到的晶化激活能Ex均小于晶体长大激活能Ep,表明形核过程比晶粒长大过程更容易,该非晶合金在一定条件下退火容易获得超细晶粒组织。     

Co含量对Ti-Zr-Be-Cu块体非晶合金热稳定性的影响

采用铜模法制备了Ti35Zr30Be27.5xCu7.5Cox (x=3.5,7.5,11.5,摩尔分数)系列块体非晶合金,并采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X射线分析(XRD)研究了不同Co含量对其热稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着加热速度的提高,3种非晶合金的玻璃转变温度、晶化开始温度和峰值温度均向高温区移动,说明该系列合金的玻璃转变和晶化均为动力学过程.用Kissinger方法计算出的玻璃转变激活能(Eg)以及晶化激活能(Ex)分别随着Co含量的增加而增大,当Co含量为11.5％时,其Eg和Ex分别为207.8 kJ/mol和238.1 kJ/mol.     

Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金的结构弛豫和晶化研究

在不同加热速率下应用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金的结构弛豫现象和晶化行为,得到了满意的晶化曲线.由晶化曲线得到弛豫峰与玻璃转变温度(Tg)、晶化起始温度(Tx)和晶化峰温度(Tp).Zr43Cu50Al7非晶合金的过冷液相区ΔTx达76.2 K,具有较强的玻璃形成能力.对所得到的弛豫峰作了初步的研究,并运用Kissinger法和Deloy法分别计算出玻璃转变激活能Eg、晶化起始激活能Ec、晶化峰的激活能Ep和晶化阶段激活能Ex.结果表明Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.     

ZrCuAlNb大块非晶合金的热稳定性

利用电弧炉+铜模吸铸的方法制备了Zr46.3Cu43.4Al8.3Nb2(at%)块体非晶合金。利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了合金的热稳定性,利用Kissinger方法计算了其特征温度表观激活能,利用Doyle方法计算了其局域激活能。结果表明,Zr46.3Cu43.4Al8.3Nb2块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性。各特征温度的表观激活能分别为:玻璃转变激活能(Eg)为302.7 kJ/mol、晶化起始激活能(Ex)为445.853 kJ/mol、晶化峰值激活能(Ep)为389.20 kJ/mol。局域激活能随着晶化体积分数的增加而显著减小。     

铁基块体非晶合金的制备及其晶化动力学

采用工业用原材料在铜模吸铸条件下制备了直径为2 mm的Fe50Co7Ni13Zr10B20块体非晶合金.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差分扫描量热计(DSC)对铸态样品的结构、非晶合金的热稳定性、晶化动力学行为进行了研究.该合金的玻璃转变温度Tg、初始晶化温度Tx1、过冷液相区△Tx1约化玻璃转变温度Trg分别为804 K、875 K、71 K和0.59.采用连续加热方法对其晶化动力学进行了研究,得到其玻璃转变激活能和晶化峰激活能分别为339.2 kJ/mol和326.4 kJ/mol,表明合金具有强的热稳定性.由VFT方程拟合获得该非晶合金的脆性参数m为23.     

Mg60Cu30Y10块体非晶合金的变温晶化行为

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)得到Mg60Cu30Y10块体非晶合金在不同加热速率下的DSC曲线。利用Losocka、Kissinger以及Doyle方法研究了Mg60Cu30Y10块体非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学。结果表明:Mg60Cu30Y10块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性。通过Kissinger方法计算得到的其玻璃转变激活能(Eg)、晶化激活能(Ex)以及晶化峰值激活能(Ep)分别为160.07 kJ/mol、136.11和145.19 kJ/mol。随着加热速率的提高,各特征温度值向高温端移动。局域晶化激活能随着复合材料晶化体积分数的增加先增大后减小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.