一种新型多温区恒温箱均温性的数值模拟与实验验证

本文针对自行设计的一种新型的具有三个箱体的多温区恒温箱进行其均温性的研究。以多温区恒温箱的一个箱体为研究对象,建立了三维稳态数值模型,模拟了加热器情况不同时该箱体内的温度分布。结果表明,采用方形薄片加热器并布置于风机下方时,该箱体内的温度场最均匀。恒温箱三个箱体的加热器均采用上述情况后,对其设定了工况1(各箱体的设定温度分别为-15℃,-10℃,-5℃)和工况2(各箱体的设定温度分别为-20℃,-15℃,-10℃)进行实验。结果显示,工况1(即模拟工况)下的模拟值与实测值较吻合,最大误差为3.1%;两种工况下各箱体的温度均匀度最大为0.54℃。结果表明,在不同的测试工况下该多温区恒温箱各箱体内的温度分布都能维持均匀。     

鞋类橡胶部件喷霜试验箱校准方法的研究

正笔者根据HG/T4620-2014《鞋类橡胶部件喷霜试验方法》和JJF1101-2003《环境试验设备温度、湿度校准规范》的规定,制定了相应的校准方法,为该试验箱计量特性的溯源提供依据。一、简介基于臭氧法原理的鞋类橡胶部件喷霜试验箱是用于检验鞋类橡胶部件耐老化的试验仪器,其原理是在恒温箱的基础上加装臭氧发生器,恒温箱温度设定在50℃,臭氧发生器通过静电弧放电原理产生臭氧,臭氧在恒温箱中通过气体循环置换达到设     

冻土试验低温恒温箱温度均匀性试验研究

冻土低温恒温箱内的温度均匀性对试验精度至关重要。为改善冻土试验低温恒温箱的温度均匀性,该文对放置试样情况下的低温恒温箱进行设有不同形式导流板的多组试验,分析试验结果表明:在低温恒温箱内放置试样会对箱内温度均匀性产生较大影响,具体表现为上热下冷、前热后冷;而在低温恒温箱内设置温度导流板可以有效提升箱内温度均匀性。通过对比分析不同形式导流板对箱体内气流流向的影响,得到一种能够强制箱体内气流在试样周围均匀分布的导流板形式。试验结果显示:该导流板能够将不同温度监测点温度差异控制在温度均值的±0.2℃以内,能够满足冻土试验的温度均匀性要求。     

镁合金单轴拉伸微蠕变测量系统

为了准确测出镁合金抗微蠕变性能,采用单轴拉伸法对镁合金进行室温蠕变试验,开发了镁合金微蠕变测量系统,解决了测量微蠕变关键技术问题,提出采用高精度位移传感器、恒温箱、测量放大器以及设计专用蠕变变形测量装置,构成镁合金微蠕变测试系统。试验结果表明,该系统精度高、性能稳定,可精确测试镁合金室温蠕变稳态速率和应变量,镁合金ZM6室温（35℃）下的蠕变应变为0．02％,最小稳态蠕变应变速率为10^-10。S^-1。     

恒温箱温度计算机控制系统

在科学技术的支持下,恒温箱随之产生,恒温箱的作用是显著的,在医疗、家居与生产中均有着广泛的应用。随着社会的发展,人们的生活环境不断变化,对恒温系统的要求日益提高,普通的恒温箱温度控制系统已经不能满足人们的需求,因此,本文将研究恒温箱温度计算机控制系统,主要分析其原理与设计,旨在发挥该系统的作用,实现其进一步发展。     

水产品简易真空包装

日本日荣电机工业公司研制成功一种简易真空包装器。该器是利用吸尘机的吸引力将水产品除气达真空包装目的。据称,只需连接家用吸尘机。将装有水产品的塑料袋上部放在包装器中,就能抽出空气,完成包装。该样机尺寸为50cm×50cm×10cm,小型轻便,却能进行以往真空包装机难以完成的大马哈鱼等大鱼的真     

高精度标准电阻用空气恒温箱设计及优化

设计一款便携式空气恒温箱并对其优化,以满足标准电阻的存放及高精度量值传递。温度控制系统以单片机为核心,通过模糊PID控制来调节PWM波占空比,进而改变功率电阻的发热量,实现温度调节;通过恒温箱不同供电方式对量值传递造成的干扰来分析和比较电源噪声;用高速采样器PXI-5922对温度控制系统在温度上升期、调整期和稳定期3个阶段的PWM波进行采样,分析各阶段占空比进而得到实验室温度下(19.5±0.5)℃系统的功率消耗。经过数据分析,36 V电池可在实验室温度下为稳定状态的恒温箱持续供电(49.8±0.3)h。实验表明,恒温箱功耗低、噪声小、便携性强、稳定性高,满足标准电阻存放和量值传递的要求。     

小型恒温箱恒温性能的理论及实验研究

通过分析恒温箱内外的热量平衡，建立箱体内部温度变化的动态方程，进行理论求解，并分析箱体形状系数和内热源对箱体内部温度的影响。同时设计1台有效恒温空间为1350mm×340mm×450mm的小型恒温箱，进行不同温度波动下的恒温特性。结果表明，冷热源方式对恒温箱内温度的稳定有较大影响，较大的体型系统有利于维持恒温，另外动态方程的计算结果与实验相符。     

微纳米三坐标测量机的高精度恒温箱研制

针对恒温室控制精度低和分离式恒温箱因振动而无法满足微纳米三坐标测量机需要的问题,研制了一套自然对流式高精度恒温箱。用定制尺寸的中空亚克力板和轻便型超低导热系数真空绝热板制成绝热箱体。以仪器测量点温度作为温度控制反馈值,均匀位于恒温箱顶部的9个半导体制冷片对其周围空气进行制冷,箱内冷空气均匀向下流动,与向上流动的热空气进行热交换。采用LabVIEW与MATLAB混合编写高精度温控程序。实验结果表明:设定值为20 ℃时的稳态误差为0.003 2 ℃,稳态时温度波动小于0.03 ℃,优于一级恒温室。新型恒温箱具有成本低、能耗小和无振动干扰等优点。     

尾气余热驱动的氨-盐吸收式制冷系统性能试验研究

设计可在空调工况、低温工况和冷冻冷藏工况下运行的以尾气余热驱动的氨-盐吸收式制冷系统,搭建相应的试验装置对该系统进行热力性能及变工况特性试验。结果显示:在冷却水温度30℃,蒸发温度-0.3℃,冷凝温度30℃工况下,该系统最大制冷量可达4.60 kW,基于电功率的COPe可达17.69;系统最低蒸发温度可达-25.20℃。研究结果可为尾气余热利用技术提供参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...