不同碳原子数及羟基数醇中Ti3SiC2/Si3N4摩擦副的摩擦学性能

Ti_3SiC_2和Si_3N_4等陶瓷材料是一种潜在的生物燃料发动机及功能性运动部件材料,为研究其在醇类生物燃料及润滑剂中的摩擦学性能,利用往复式摩擦试验机研究Ti_3SiC_2/Si_3N_4摩擦副在不同碳原子数直链醇(乙醇、丁醇、辛醇和十二醇)和不同羟基数醇(乙二醇和丙三醇)液体介质中的摩擦学性能。结果表明:Ti_3SiC_2/Si_3N_4在醇介质中的摩擦因数随碳原子数和羟基数的增加而减小,总体平均摩擦因数在0.06～0.11范围内变化,但丁醇中摩擦因数最高,为0.25;Ti_3SiC_2/Si_3N_4配副的磨损率均随碳原子数和羟基数的增加而减小,Ti_3SiC_2的磨损率在4.48×10~(-7)～9.33×10~(-9) mm~3/(N·m)范围内变化,Si_3N_4的磨损率在4.05×10~(-6)～2.91×10~(-7)mm~3/(N·m)之间变化,其中在辛醇和十二醇中几乎没有磨损。研究表明:在醇介质中Ti_3SiC_2/Si_3N_4摩擦副的摩擦状态属于边界润滑状态,摩擦界面微凸体和磨屑的犁沟效应是造成高摩擦的主要原因;摩擦化学反应是Ti_3SiC_2/Si_3N_4在醇介质中的摩擦行为的一个特点,摩擦化学磨损和磨粒磨损是材料磨损的主要机制;链长越长、羟基越多,醇的黏度越大,承载能力越强,犁沟效应和磨粒磨损降低,摩擦因数和磨损率也降低。     

Friction and wear behaviors of C/C-SiC composites containing Ti3SiC2

In the present paper, friction and wear behaviors of a carbon fiber reinforced carbon–silicon carbide–titanium silicon carbide (C-SiC–Ti₃SiC₂) hybrid matrix composites fabricated by slurry infiltration and liquid silicon infiltration were studied for potential application as brake materials. The properties were compared with those of C/C-SiC composites. The composites containing Ti₃SiC₂ had not only higher friction stability coefficient but also much higher wear resistance than C/C-SiC composites. At an initial braking speed of 28 m/s under 0.8 MPa pressure, the weight wear rate of the composites containing 5 vol% Ti₃SiC₂ was 5.55 mg/cycle, which was only one-third of C/C-SiC composites. Self-lubricious film-like debris was formed on the composites containing Ti₃SiC₂, leading to the improvement of friction and wear properties. The effect of braking speed and braking pressure on the tribological properties of modified composites were investigated. The average friction coefficient was significantly affected by braking speed and braking pressure, but the wear rate was less affected by braking pressure.     

Si_3N_4/SiC(N)纳米复相陶瓷的制备与性能研究

采用极性分散剂和超声分散技术 ,在微米Si3 N4基体中加入SiC纳米颗粒 ,用真空热压烧结法制备出Si3 N4/SiC(N)纳米复相陶瓷。研究结果表明 :加入SiC纳米颗粒可显著降低烧结温度 ,阻止 β Si3 N4晶粒的过度生长 ,细化晶粒组织 ,提高复合陶瓷材料的致密度和机械性能 ;含 15wt%SiC纳米颗粒的复相陶瓷具有最佳断裂韧度和较高抗弯强度 ,可作为高速切削刀具和模具的候选材料。     

氮化硅/碳化硅纳米陶瓷的显微组织与抗弯性能

研究了氮化硅／碳化硅纳米复合陶瓷经三点弯曲试验后的显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明，随着SiC纳米粉含量的增加，断口从沿晶断裂向穿晶断裂过渡；当SiC的质量分数是15％时，复合陶瓷的显微组织明显细化，抗弯强度、断裂韧度明显提高。     

Dry sliding wear behavior of nano-sized SiC pins against SiC and Si3N4 discs

Micro- and nano-sized hot-pressed silicon carbide pins have been characterized by room-temperature unlubricated disk-on-pin tribological tests on hot-pressed silicon carbide and silicon nitride discs. The mean grain size was shown not to influence the steady state friction coefficient. The mean grain size clearly affected the disc wear rate: the finer was the grain size the lower was the disc wear rate. No impact of the grain size was observed on the pin wear rate. The basic wear mechanisms were grain fracture and fine abrasion. By depth-sensing indentation, it was shown that a possible explanation of the different wear behaviour between micro- and nano-sized silicon carbide are the values of mechanical properties, especially hardness, when they are measured on volumes scaling with the material microstructure.     

Ti3SiC2/SiC复相陶瓷/45#钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能

研究了由热等静压原位合成的Ti3SiC2/SiC复相陶瓷与45#钢在干摩擦和边界油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明：干摩擦条件下随载荷的变化,占主导地位的磨损机制将发生变化,在低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,高载荷下以粘着磨损为主;同干摩擦相比,润滑油对摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能的改善均很显著;Ti3SiC2/SiC复相陶瓷的磨损主要由粘着和微断裂引起的.     

Tribochemistry Between Water and Si3N4 and SiC: Induction Time Analysis

Under certain conditions, silicon nitride and silicon carbide ceramics can be lubricated by water; however, silicon carbide generally takes 5-6 times longer to enter the effective tribochemical regime than silicon nitride. Despite this, the operating range for silicon carbide is much larger once it enters into this regime. This paper examines the various explanations for why these two ceramics should exhibit different time constants for tribochemistry to occur. Using a ball-on-three-flat bench wear test in water, a preworn-in procedure was used to control surface roughness and tribochemical induction times were measured. It was found that wear-particle-induced third body effect prevented the successful entrance into the tribochemical regime for silicon carbide. It was postulated that the films formed are very susceptible to third body effect and require smooth surfaces for the tribochemical reaction films to be effective.     

Comparison of the fretting wear of 100Cr6/100Cr6, Si3N4/Si3N4 and Si3N4/100Cr6 contacts in lubricated and dry conditions

The fretting wear behaviour of bearing steel against bearing steel, silicon nitride against silicon nitride, and silicon nitride against bearing steel, was investigated under lubricated and dry conditions. Amplitudes in the intermediate 5 to 50 μm range, and test durations from 10 to 360 min, were studied. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to determine the detailed nature of the friction and wear processes. In the silicon nitride against silicon nitride contact, brittle fracture of Si₃N₄ grains, and tribochemical reaction creating an amorphous layer on the mechanically damaged surface, were found. The main mechanism of fretting wear in the case of bearing steel against bearing steel contact was delamination. In the silicon nitride against bearing steel contact, chemical reactions predominated.     

热压Si3N4/MoSi2复合材料的强韧化效果与机制

通过显微组织观察和力学性能测试,对亚微米Si3N4颗粒强韧化MoSi2的效果及其作用机制进行了初步研究和探讨.结果表明:复合材料中的Si3N4颗粒在基体的间层作用,可抑制MoSi2晶粒长大;断口呈现晶粒细小、裂纹扩展曲折和沿晶与穿晶混合型断裂等特征;Si3N4颗粒通过弥散强化和细化晶粒使复合材料强度提高,室温断裂韧度达到8.2 MPa·m1/2,通过晶粒细化、裂纹偏转和分支、微裂纹形成等机制的综合作用使复合材料增韧.     

Si3N4／MoSi2陶瓷的制备工艺与组织研究

研究了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＭｏＳｉ２复合陶瓷材料的特殊制备工艺及其显微结构的变化。用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＸＳ及气孔率测试仪,对每一制备步骤中发生的显微结构变化进行了分析。     

Si3N4/MOSi2陶瓷材料力学性能研究

对反应形成和热压烧结的两种试样进行了室温及高温力学性能测试,结果表明,复合材料的抗弯强度从室温至１２００℃随温度升高而明显增加。用ＳＥＭ对不同温度下的断裂面进行了显微结构分析。     

Friction Reduction and Wear Resistance Enhancement of SiC and Si3N4 Ceramics under Dry Conditions

In this study, an effort was made to control the friction and wear behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics using an ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique. The friction and wear behavior of the ceramic specimens was investigated using a ball-on-disk tribotester under dry conditions against two different Si₃N₄ and bearing steel (SUJ2) balls. The experimental test results revealed the possibility of controlling the friction and wear behavior of ceramics, where the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the specimens were improved by the UNSM technique. The hardness of the specimens also increased after UNSM treatment, but it decreased abruptly with increasing depth from the very top surface. Microscratch tests showed that the critical load of the specimens was improved by the UNSM technique. In addition, Raman spectra results revealed that no additional phase was detected after UNSM treatment, but the intensity decreased after UNSM treatment. Hence, the UNSM technique ensures stronger ceramics and enables better friction and wear behavior than available conventional sintered ceramics.     

Fe/Si3N4复合多层膜的制备及其电磁性能

多层膜结构隐身材料因其特有的结构具有非常好的吸波性能，在隐身领域有很大的应用前景。用磁控溅射方法制备了Fe／Si3N4复合多层膜，利用SEM分析了其微观形貌，测试了其电磁参数，然后与传统吸波材料羰基铁粉比较了低频下的电磁参数。结果表明，Fe／Si3N4复合多层膜的低频吸波性能优越。     

二步法制备Si3N4/MoSi2 复合材料的研究

用 Mo粉、Si粉通过二步法反应制得 Si3N4/Mo Si2 复合材料 ,并用 X射线衍射和扫描电镜、抗折仪等方法对材料进行了显微结构和机械性能的测定。研究表明 ,复合材料的机械性能 ,特别是高温机械性能比 Si3N4材料有显著的提高     

The Difference in Running-In Period and Friction Coefficient Between Self-Mated Si3N4 and SiC Under Water Lubrication

Running-in periods and friction coefficients of SiC and Si₃N₄ sliding against themselves under water lubrication were investigated with a pin-on-disk apparatus at sliding speed of 120 mm/s and a normal load of 5 N under ambient conditions. It was found that the running-in period of self-mated Si₃N₄ is much shorter than that of self-mated SiC, and also that the steady-state friction coefficient of self-mated Si₃N₄ was lower (0.0035) than that of self-mated SiC (0.01). The difference in mechanism was analyzed from the point of view of electronic structure and surface chemistry.     

ICP-AES与分光光度法测定高纯氢氧化钠中三氧化二铁含量

本文着重介绍利用AtomScan Advantage 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析高纯氢氧化钠中Fe_2O_3含量,并与传统分光先度法相比较,表明ICP-AES法在生产分析中的优越性。     

反应烧结制备Ti3SiC2材料

分别以粉末钛、硅、石墨和钛、碳化硅、石墨为原料,采用反应烧结工艺制备Ti3SiC2材料.结果表明:当以钛、硅、石墨单质粉料为原料时,在1200~1400℃温度范围内能够合成出高纯度的Ti3SiC2块体材料,且其纯度随着硅含量的增加而提高;当原料摩尔比为3:1.3:2和3:1.4:2时,该材料中只有Ti3SiC2相而无其他相存在;而以钛、碳化硅、石墨粉末为原料时,在1200~1400℃温度范围内很难合成出高纯度的Ti3SiC2块体材料.     

LOM技术制备Si3N4/BN层状陶瓷

采用LOM技术成形了Si3N4/BN层状陶瓷坯体.陶瓷坯体由在其表面涂上BN的Si3N4薄片叠加组成,坯体经排胶和热压烧结后得到最终产物.对坯体进行了热分析;对烧结产物进行了力学性能测试,并与常规成形方法的结果进行了比较.     

PA66/Si_3N_4纳米复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混和注射成型方法制备了PA66/Si3N4纳米复合材料.研究了纳米Si3N4添加量对复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响.通过对试样磨损表面及其对摩副表面上转移膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,探讨了其磨损机制.结果表明,纳米Si3N4的加入降低了基体的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,但是在PA66中加入适量的纳米Si3N4颗粒后,摩擦过程中有利于生成较均匀的转移膜,从而降低摩擦因数.同时磨屑里的纳米Si3N4镶嵌到试样摩擦表面,使表面得到局部增强,从而提高其耐磨性能.     

Tribological Behavior and Tribochemistry of Self-mated Ti3SiC2 in Ethanol

The tribological behavior of self-mated Ti₃SiC₂ in low viscosity fluids, that is, water and ethanol, is investigated. The results show that both water and ethanol effectively reduce the friction and wear of self-mated Ti₃SiC₂. The friction coefficient and total wear rates of Ti₃SiC₂ tribo-pair are 0.82 and 2.17 × 10^?2 mm³/N m under dry condition, 0.41 and 6.50 × 10^?4 mm³/N m in water and 0.16 and 2.22 × 10^?4 mm³/N m in ethanol. As sliding distance is prolonged from 0.5 to 22.9 km, the total wear rates of Ti₃SiC₂ in ethanol can be further reduced. Mechanical wear of Ti₃SiC₂ is partly inhibited in water and greatly inhibited in ethanol. Surface polishing of Ti₃SiC₂ pin and tribochemistry are the two distinct characteristics of self-mated Ti₃SiC₂ in ethanol. The surface film in ethanol is composed of TiO₂ and SiO. Tribo-products in ethanol, that is, silica gel and titanium dioxide, are found. Polycondensation of ethanol by the catalysis of TiO₂ and SiO_2?x gives birth to paraffins and olefins.