Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Regularities of the influence of the aerodynamic coupling of blades on the formation of the spectrum of natural vibrations of the rims of turbine wheels of gas-turbine engines

We present the results of analytic and numerical investigations aimed at the evaluation of the influence of the aerodynamic coupling of blades on the formation of the spectrum of natural vibrations of the rims of turbine wheels regarded as a complex mechanical system with structural rotational symmetry with regard for the frequency detuning of blades.     

Results of inter-laboratory comparisons of two methods of determining the heat of combustion of natural gas

The D. I. Mendeleev All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Metrology has performed an inter-laboratory comparison of two methods of determining the heat of combustion of natural gas: the direct calorimetric method; and an indirect computational method involving the use of gas chromatography to determine the composition of the gas. The comparison was done with the same level of accuracy maintained in the determination of standards. Good agreement was obtained between the results of the two methods for two samples of natural gas from pipelines. The gas was dried before measurement in each case. The difference seen in the two sets of results might be related to the concentration of water vapor in the gas, which was not checked in the investigation. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 36–40, January, 1998.     

逻辑分析仪部分参数测量结果的不确定度评定

介绍了逻辑分析仪部分参数测量结果的不确定度分析评定方法,评定过程及结论,可应用在对于计量标准进行相应指标的不确定度评定分析上。     

水线震荡对斜拉桥拉索风雨激振稳定性的作用

从理论和试验两个方面研究了水线震荡对斜拉桥拉索风雨激振稳定性的作用。建立了拉索和水线的运动方程，应用李雅普诺夫函数给出了水线不平衡角的判别公式。设计了一种新型的带有可运动人工水线的拉索模型，并进行了风洞试验。理论和试验结果表明，水线震荡是导致拉索风雨激振具有较大不稳定范围的主要原因。试验结果证明了理论模型和分析的结果是正确的。     

Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of the Power of Laser Radiation

On the basis of an analysis of the principle underlying the construction of standards and systems designed for reproduction of the unit of mean power and energy of laser radiation, it is shown that these standards consist of unified subsystems that carry the principal metrological load. By means of such a division, it is possible to realize a systems-engineering synthesis of standards with preassigned error. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 20–23, November, 2005.     

Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of Energy of Short-Pulse Coherent Radiation

Ways of creating unified automatized reference (calibration) and standard measurement equipment for the purpose of developing a subsystem for the assurance of the uniformity of measurements of the energy of short-pulse laser radiation are considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 24–28, November, 2005.     

Justification of rheotechnological methods of control of colmatage

Theoretical and experimental investigations of localized structures appearing in filtration of nonlinear viscoplastic drilling fluids are reported. The depth of penetration of mud into a porous medium is shown to be dependent on the rate of change of the pressure on the boundary. This fact has been suggested for use in creation of colmatage barriers that prevent penetration of drilling mud into strata.Central Asia State Scientific-Research and Design Institute of the Gas Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 573–579, May, 1994.     

Calculation of the Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Components of Fuels

Development is continued of the empirical method for the calculation of the heat of combustion of organic compounds and, in particular, of hydrocarbons of different structures by the additive scheme based on their chemical structure.     

Mathematical simulation of the front processes of combustion of condensed systems in view of the velocity of propagation of heat

It is suggested to use the hyperbolic heat equation for mathematical simulation of the front processes of combustion of energy-intensive condensed systems (CS). The correlation between the velocity of propagation of thermal wave with the velocity of front motion, the thermal effect of the reaction of thermal decomposition, and the value of heat flux delivered to the surface is analytically determined. Numerical solutions of hyperbolic heat equation are obtained for unsteady-state mode of ignition of energy-intensive materials. The agreement between calculated dependences and experimental data on the combustion of energy-intensive compounds is considered.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

方波幅度的测量不确定度

介绍了用众数法评价方波幅度时的不确定度分析和评价过程;讨论了主要的不确定度来源,包括众数判别区间的影响、波形测量系统幅度测量误差的影响等等;给出了减小不确定度的主要措施,并结合一个实例,给出了方波幅度的不确定度评价结果。     

Effect of reactor radiation of the temperature-time dependence of strength of polymers

The long-time strength of irradiated polymers (polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose triacetate, polyethyleneterephthalate) was studied. It was shown that the time dependence of the strength of irradiated polymers obeys the Zhurkov law, $$\tau = \tau _0 {\text{e}}^{\frac{{U_0 - \gamma \sigma }}{{kT}}}$$ The irradiation of polymers studied leads to an increase in coefficientγ; the activation energy for elementary act of rupture U₀ increases with increasing radiation does in the case of crosslinking polymers, decreases in the case of polymers that become degraded, and remains practically constant in the case of crystalline polymers.