脱脂麦胚提取物抗氧化活性的研究

麦胚是面粉生产的主要副产物之一,含有多种生理活性成分,极具开发前景。主要对比分析了脱脂麦胚6种溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明:水、70%甲醇、70%乙醇、50%丙酮的提取率较高,6种脱脂麦胚提取物都具有一定的DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力,且提取物质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈现一定的量效关系,其中70%甲醇提取物和甲醇提取物的DPPH清除能力较高,70%乙醇提取物的还原能力最强。另外,6种提取物中水提取物和50%丙酮提取物的总酚含量较高,并且提取物的抗氧化活性与其总酚含量之间未呈现正比关系。     

水生蔬菜提取物的抗氧化活性分析及其对菜籽油的抗氧化作用

研究七种常见水生蔬菜不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性以及对油脂抗氧化的效果。采用ABTS自由基清除法、DPPH自由基清除法检测菱角、芡实、莲藕、水芋头、茭白、荸荠和慈姑不同部位的醇提物、水提物的抗氧化活性,烘箱法测定对菜籽油过氧化值的影响。在30种提取物中DPPH自由基清除能力较强的三种提取物IC50值分别为:芡实壳醇提物(0.03 mg/mL)芡实壳水提物(0.04mg/m L)=菱角壳醇提物(0.04mg/m L);ABTS自由基清除能力较强的三种提取物Trolox含量分别为芡实壳醇提物(1.42g/g)芡实壳水提物(1.41 g/g)菱角壳醇提物(1.15 g/g);添加0.1%浓度的五种提取物第7 d的POV值分别为23.86 meq/kg、24.06 meq/kg、23.53meq/kg、24.43 meq/kg、22.40 meq/kg,五种提取物的油脂抗氧化效果均不如0.1%浓度的BHA。30种水生蔬菜提取物中,芡实壳和菱角壳的醇提物、水提物DPPH自由基清除能力最强,芡实壳醇提物、水提物ABTS自由基清除能力最强;芡实壳水提物、芡实壳醇提物、菱角壳水提物、菱角壳醇提物以及藕节醇提物对菜籽油有一定抗氧化的效果,但效果弱于相同剂量的BHA。     

金银花不同提取物的油脂抗氧化效果研究

为了比较金银花水提物与醇提物对油脂抗氧化的性质,采用Schall烘箱法评价猪油的过氧化值(PV)变化,同时研究了不同提取物清除DPPH·自由基的效果。结果表明:金银花的2种粗提物均具有一定的抑制油脂过氧化的能力,且总体上醇提物的抗氧化能力优于水提物。金银花醇提物的抗氧化能力与BHT、TBHQ相当。其清除自由基的能力表明:金银花提取物对油脂体系的抗氧化可能是通过清除自由基,从而抑制油脂的氧化自由基链式反应。金银花具有良好的抗氧化能力,可以开发成天然抗氧化剂。     

黑姜抗氧化活性研究

研究了黑姜的体外抗氧化活性。黑姜是以新鲜的姜为原料,在一定条件下发酵而成。测定了黑姜与新鲜姜醇提物和水提物的抗氧化活性,其中包括清除DPPH自由基能力、清除ABTS自由基能力、清除OH自由基能力、二价铁离子还原能力。结果显示:与新鲜姜相比,黑姜的抗氧化活性增强,醇提物的活性要高于其水提物的活性。黑姜醇提物DPPH自由基清除率,其IC_(50)是0.12mg/mL,ABTS自由基清除率,其IC_(50)是0.04mg/mL,当样品浓度为0.5mg/mL时,OH自由基清除率为36.49%。二价铁离子还原力是鲜姜醇提的1.5倍。通过比较醇提物和水提物的抗氧化活性,得出样品的乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性要优于其水提取物的。     

新疆山楂提取物抗氧化及抑菌作用的研究

以新疆山楂为材料,以还原力、清除羟基自由基和清除DPPH自由基的能力测定山楂水和醇提物的抗氧化性能;采用滤纸片法测定醇提物的抑菌活性及稳定性,初步评价醇提物对果、蔬、肉的防腐保鲜效果。结果表明:新疆山楂提取物具有较强的还原力、羟基自由基清除作用和DPPH自由基清除作用,醇提物的抗氧化能力较强于水提物;山楂醇提物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.563%、3.125%、1.563%、3.125%,其抑菌活性随着浓度的升高而逐渐增强。新疆山楂提取物具有良好的抗氧化、抑菌及防腐作用。     

海芦笋提取物体外抗氧化活性的研究

通过测定海芦笋水提物、醇提物、海芦笋粗多糖和精多糖还原能力及对羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)的清除能力,研究海芦笋提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明：海芦笋水提物、醇提物和多糖对·OH 都有较强清除作用,但清除能力均低于对照物VC;在相同浓度下,各提取物的还原能力和对·OH 的清除能力呈相同趋势,均是海芦笋水提物较醇提物强,粗多糖较精多糖强。但海芦笋水提物和多糖在实验所选浓度范围内,对邻苯三酚自氧化没有抑制作用,而醇提物显示出一定抑制活性。     

盐碱地马齿苋不同提取液的抗氧化活性研究

研究了盐碱地马齿苋四种不同提物的DPPH自由基、羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和还原能力.结果表明:在不同的自由基体系中,4种提取物均对DPPH自由基和羟基离子有较好的清除效果,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用相对较弱 马齿苋的提取物中无水乙醇提取物和水提取物的抗氧化效果优于其余两种提取物,且与质量浓度呈明显的量效关系.     

生何首乌体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性的研究

研究生何首乌不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性。在体外化学模拟的条件下,采用比色法,测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对DPPH自由基的还原能力及抗脂质过氧化能力,羟基自由基的清除能力以及总体抗氧化能力。同时测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物的总酚酸和总黄酮的含量。利用滤纸片扩散法测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对6种微生物的抗菌活性。何首乌醇提物的体外抗氧化活性强于水提物,具有显著的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力和较强的抗脂质过氧化能力,具有一定的还原能力,其总体抗氧化能力也比较强。何首乌水提取物和醇提取物的总酚酸和总黄酮含量分别126.52、77.25μg/mg和153.04、126.11μg/mg。另外何首乌的醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌和大肠杆菌显示出较强的抑制活性,水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和荧光假单胞菌显示出一定的抑菌活性。何首乌具有强的抗氧化活性与一定的抗菌活性。     

蜜蜂巢脾醇提物的抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究蜜蜂巢脾不同浓度乙醇提取物的综合抗氧化能力。方法：制备蜜蜂巢脾的乙醇提取物;测定蜜蜂巢脾的总多酚和总黄酮含量;采用总抗氧化力、清除DPPH自由基、还原力、清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)、清除羟自由基( ·OH)能力等指标,评价蜜蜂巢脾醇提物的综合抗氧化性能。结果：6种不同浓度乙醇提取物中50%醇提物的总多酚含量最多为(9.75±0.16)mg/g,95%醇提物中黄酮含量最多为(14.2±0.26)mg/g;抗氧化实验结果表明,6种不同浓度乙醇提取物均有较强的综合抗氧化能力,其综合抗氧化能力由大到小依次为：50%醇提物、75%醇提物＞25%醇提物、95%醇提物、水提物＞100%醇提物。结论：蜜蜂巢脾醇提物是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂。     

柚花不同溶剂提取物抗氧化作用研究

研究分别采用DPPH法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、邻二氮菲-Fe2+研究柚花水提物、乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、石油醚提取物清除DPPH自由基、超氧自由基和羟自由基的能力。结果表明柚花提取物均对DPPH自由基、超氧自由基和羟自清由基有除能力,并在一定浓度范围和清除率成线性正相关。柚花提取物均具有清除自由基的能力,其中水提取物和乙醇提取物抗氧化能力较好。     

黑灵芝与赤灵芝提取物的抗氧化作用比较

分别用DPPH法、邻苯三酚自氧化法测定了赤灵芝和黑灵芝提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明:不同溶剂灵芝提取物对DPPH自由基均有清除作用,对邻苯三酚自氧化也均有抑制作用。不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱为:95%乙醇>丙酮>去离子水>氯仿,提取物用量与抗氧化性成正相关,而黑灵芝的抗氧化作用相对赤灵芝要强。同BHT和抗坏血酸进行了比较,黑灵芝的丙酮提取物浓度达到1mg/ml时已超过10mg/mlBHT的抗氧化效果,相当于0.5mg/ml浓度抗坏血酸的抗氧化效果。     

Antioxidant properties of commercial soft and hard winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and their milling fractions

The total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, inhibition of coupled oxidation in a β‐carotene–linoleate model system, iron(II) chelation activity and inhibition of copper‐induced oxidation of human low‐density lipoprotein (hLDL) cholesterol of 80% ethanolic extracts of soft and hard winter wheat samples and their milling fractions, namely flour, germ, bran and shorts, were investigated. Soft wheat extracts examined demonstrated higher TPC and TAA compared to those of hard wheat extracts. The germ fraction possessed the highest TPC, followed by bran, shorts, whole grain and flour for both wheat types examined. The TAA of both wheat types showed similar results except that shorts performed better than bran in this assay. Free radical scavenging properties of whole grain and milling fractions of both soft and hard wheat samples were examined against DPPH radical. The germ and flour fractions demonstrated the highest and lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively, among wheat fractions. Wheat extracts were also efficient in preventing bleaching of β‐carotene, which is also known to be free radical mediated. In the iron(II) chelation assay the flour extracts demonstrated excellent activity, while the germ extracts showed a weak activity. The trends were similar in both soft and hard wheat for the iron(II) chelation assay. Wheat extracts also inhibited copper‐induced oxidation of hLDL. In LDL oxidation assay, wheat extracts performed better than the reference antioxidant, ferulic acid. Thus wheat phenolics may serve as effective antioxidative components as measured by in vitro techniques. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

两种开封产黄色菊花的体外抗氧化活性

采用清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(tRAP)方法,评价开封产黄色菊花(春日剑山和麦浪)的体外总抗氧化活性,并将所测结果与水溶性维生素E(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylicacid,Trolox)及阳性对照二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较.结果发现,不同菊花的不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性不同.随着提取溶刺极性的增大,同种菊花不同溶剂提取物总的抗氧化活性逐渐增大.即甲醇提取物)乙酸乙酯提取物)石油醚提取物.所有提取物中,麦浪甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性最好.它清除DPPH自由基的能力(IC_(50)=20.01mg/L)略低于BHT(IC_(50)=18.92mg/L),清除ABTS自由基的能力(IC_(50)=25.93mg/L)约为BHT(IC_(50)值为7.72mg/L)的1/3.     

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Nephelium lappaceum L. extracts

Ether, methanolic and aqueous extracts of lyophilized rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peels and seeds were evaluated for phenolic contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. High amounts of phenolic compounds were found in the peel extracts and the highest content was in the methanolic fraction (542.2 mg/g dry extract). Several potential antioxidant activities, including reducing power, β-carotene bleaching, linoleic peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity, were evaluated. The peel extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the seed extracts in all methods determined (P < 0.05). The methanolic fraction was found to be the most active antioxidant as shown by their 50% DPPH inhibition concentration, 4.94 μg/mL. The results indicated this fraction exhibited greater DPPH radical scavenging activity than BHT and ascorbic acid (0.32 g dry extract/g BHT or ascorbic acid). Antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains was assessed by disc diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. All peel extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria. The most sensitive strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis, was inhibited by the methanolic extract (MIC 2.0 mg/mL).     

Antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of various extracts from defatted wheat germ

Defatted wheat germ (DWG) is the main by-product of the wheat germ oil extraction process. Its nutritional value has well been accepted. In this study, the antioxidant properties of 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 100% ethanol, and aqueous extracts of DWG were measured using various in vitro assays. Among the DWGEs (DWG extracts) tested, the 70% ethanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging power while the 100% ethanol extract showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition, both the 70% ethanol extract and the 50% ethanol extract exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. The extracts in question exhibited total phenolic contents ranging from 13.98 to 16.75 mg GAE/g. DWG, as a source of natural antioxidants, can be used to formulate nutraceuticals with potential applications to reducing the level of oxidative stress. The antioxidant potency of the DWG extracts could be the basis for its health promoting potential.     

Antioxidant activities of barley seeds extracts

The antioxidant activities of different polarity solvents extracts from barley were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including reducing power, free radical scavenging and lipid oxidation inhibition. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants, butylated hydroxyluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (Vit. C). The properties of the extracting solvents significantly affected the total phenolics, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activities of barley extract. The highest contents of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins were obtained from extraction with 70% acetone. For three different solvent extracts, the antioxidant activities were in this order: 70% acetone extract > 70% ethanol extract ? 70% methanol extract. Reducing powers of three extracts and their scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were effective at amount of 200 μg. The 70% acetone extract of barley exhibited high antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system, which was not significantly (P < 0.05) different from BHT during the incubation time.     

Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes): An edible medicinal plant

The antioxidant activity of chloroform and methanol extract of roots and stems of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.), which are used for medicinal purposes and also its fresh stems and petioles are consumed as vegetable, was studied. The antioxidant potential of both extracts of roots and stems were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, namely total antioxidant (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and cupric reducing power (CUPRAC), and metal chelating activities. Total antioxidant activity was also measured according to the β-carotene bleaching method, and all four extracts exhibited stronger activity than known standards, namely butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol. Particularly, higher activity was exhibited by roots with 93.1% and 84.1% inhibitions of chloroform and methanol extracts, while 82.2% and 82.0% inhibitions by stem extracts, respectively. However, both methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than the corresponding chloroform extracts, moreover, methanol extract of the stems showed better activity than BHT. In addition, both root extracts showed more potent superoxide anion radical scavenging activity than BHT, and comparable with well known radical scavenger l-ascorbic acid. Except chloroform extract of the roots, the other three extracts exhibited better metal chelating activity than quercetin. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in both extracts of the roots and stems of R. ribes were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively.     

A novel method to measure both the reductive and the radical scavenging activity in a linoleic acid model system

The aim of this study was to develop a combined method for measuring the total antioxidant activity, the reductive and the radical scavenging activity. Linoleic acid was used as the substrate for an iron-initiated lipid peroxidation to measure the total antioxidant activity. In addition, methyl esters of linoleic acid hydroperoxides were used as substrates to measure the reductive antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging antioxidant activity was calculated by subtracting the reductive antioxidative activity from the total antioxidative activity. As representative examples, the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, trans-resveratrol and L-glutathione as well as commonly used food additives such as 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT) were analyzed. The results for the novel antioxidation test showed that alpha-tocopherol, BHA and BHT are primarily acting as radical scavengers, whereas ascorbic acid and L-glutathione show a strong reductive capacity. As linoleic acid as well as its hydroperoxides both are present in foods and in the organism, the test presented here can be considered representative of radical reactions occurring in food matrixes and in vivo. Further experiments are required to document the comprehensive applicability in foods and in vivo.     

油茶饼中酚类化合物的抗氧化性研究

用异丙醇、正己烷、乙醚分别从油茶饼中提取酚类化合物,所得到的3种提取物中酚类化合物的含量分别为:764、105、276μg/mL。研究这3种酚类提取物的抗氧化活性,包括对DPPH·自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用,以及对Fe2+的络合能力和Fe3+的还原能力。结果表明,异丙醇提取物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力和对Fe3+的还原力极显著地大于正己烷提取物和乙醚提取物。而正己烷提取物对超氧阴离子有较强的清除能力,3种提取物对Fe2+的络合能力没有极显著性差异。说明油茶饼提取物有显著的抗氧化性,而异丙醇提取物的抗氧化活性较好。     

麦胚对高盐稀态酱油理化特性及抗氧化活性的影响

以大豆、面粉及麦胚为原料制备高盐稀态酱油,探究麦胚添加量对酱油各理化指标及抗氧化活性的影响;采用二苯基苦基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除法、2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate,ABTS）自由基清除法、还原力及氧自由基吸收能力评价原料、成曲及酱油抗氧化活性,并对酱油活性物质和抗氧化能力进行相关性分析。结果表明,添加麦胚能显著提高酱油总氮、氨基态氮、总酚、总黄酮及美拉德产物的含量（P＜0.05）,从而提升酱油抗氧化活性。麦胚添加量越多,原料、成曲抗氧化能力则越高,但酱油抗氧化能力先增大后减小。大豆、面粉、麦胚的配比为7∶1∶2时（S2）,酱油的抗氧化活性最高且显著高于对照组S1（P＜0.05）。酱油总酚、美拉德产物与酱油抗氧化能力均呈极显著性正相关（P＜0.01,r＞0.8）,推测这些物质是酱油抗氧化活性的主要物质基础;而总黄酮分别与DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、还原力及氧自由基吸收能力之间相关性不高（r＝0.292、0.446、0.703、0.397）,故无法通过总黄酮含量高直接评价酱油抗氧化活性高。因此,在高盐稀态酱油酿造过程中,麦胚可部分替代面粉,从而提高酱油总氮、氨基态氮及抗氧化活性。