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1.
2D transition‐metal carbides and nitrides, named MXenes, are promising materials for energy storage, but suffer from aggregation and restacking of the 2D nanosheets, which limits their electrochemical performance. In order to overcome this problem and realize the full potential of MXene nanosheets, a 3D MXene foam with developed porous structure is established via a simple sulfur‐template method, which is freestanding, flexible, and highly conductive, and can be directly used as the electrode in lithium‐ion batteries. The 3D porous architecture of the MXene foam offers massive active sites to enhance the lithium storage capacity. Moreover, its foam structure facilitates electrolyte infiltration for fast Li+ transfer. As a result, this flexible 3D porous MXene foam exhibits significantly enhanced capacity of 455.5 mAh g?1 at 50 mA g?1, excellent rate performance (101 mAh g?1 at 18 A g?1), and superior ultralong‐term cycle stability (220 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1 after 3500 cycles). This work not only demonstrates the great superiority of the 3D porous MXene foam but also proposes the sulfur‐template method for controllable constructing of the 3D foam from 2D nanosheets at a relatively low temperature.  相似文献   

2.
Fe2O3 is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity. The large volume change during discharge and charge processes, however, induces significant cracking of the Fe2O3 anodes, leading to rapid fading of the capacity. Herein, a novel peapod‐like nanostructured material, consisting of Fe2O3 nanoparticles homogeneously encapsulated in the hollow interior of N‐doped porous carbon nanofibers, as a high‐performance anode material is reported. The distinctive structure not only provides enough voids to accommodate the volume expansion of the pea‐like Fe2O3 nanoparticles but also offers a continuous conducting framework for electron transport and accessible nanoporous channels for fast diffusion and transport of Li/Na‐ions. As a consequence, this peapod‐like structure exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 1434 mAh g?1 (at 100 mA g?1) and 806 mAh g?1 (at 200 mA g?1) over 100 cycles as anode materials for LIBs and SIBs, respectively. More importantly, a stable capacity of 958 mAh g?1 after 1000 cycles and 396 mAh g?1 after 1500 cycles can be achieved for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, at a large current density of 2000 mA g?1. This study provides a promising strategy for developing long‐cycle‐life LIBs and SIBs.  相似文献   

3.
Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied and studied as an effective energy supplement for a variety of electronic devices. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), with a high theoretical capacity (335 mAh g?1) and low volume expansion ratio upon lithiation, has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for LIBs. However, the application of TiO2 is hindered by its low electrical conductivity and slow ionic diffusion rate. Herein, a 2D ultrathin mesoporous TiO2/reduced graphene (rGO) heterostructure is fabricated via a layer‐by‐layer assembly process. The synergistic effect of ultrathin mesoporous TiO2 and the rGO nanosheets significantly enhances the ionic diffusion and electron conductivity of the composite. The introduced 2D mesoporous heterostructure delivers a significantly improved capacity of 350 mAh g?1 at a current density of 200 mA g?1 and excellent cycling stability, with a capacity of 245 mAh g?1 maintained over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g?1. The in situ transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that the volume of the as‐prepared 2D heterostructures changes slightly upon the insertion and extraction of Li+, thus contributing to the enhanced long‐cycle performance.  相似文献   

4.
In this work, hydroxyl‐functionalized Mo2C‐based MXene nanosheets are synthesized by facilely removing the Sn layer of Mo2SnC. The hydroxyl‐functionalized surface of Mo2C suppresses the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) through strong interaction between Mo atoms on the MXenes surface and LiPSs. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further introduced into Mo2C phase to enlarge the specific surface area of the composite, improve its electronic conductivity, and alleviate the volume change during discharging/charging. The strong surface‐bound sulfur in the hierarchical Mo2C‐CNTs host can lead to a superior electrochemical performance in lithium–sulfur batteries. A large reversible capacity of ≈925 mAh g ? 1 is observed after 250 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mAh g?1) with good rate capability. Notably, the electrodes with high loading amounts of sulfur can also deliver good electrochemical performances, i.e., initial reversible capacities of ≈1314 mAh g?1 (2.4 mAh cm?2), ≈1068 mAh g?1 (3.7 mAh cm?2), and ≈959 mAh g?1 (5.3 mAh cm?2) at various areal loading amounts of sulfur (1.8, 3.5, and 5.6 mg cm?2) are also observed, respectively.  相似文献   

5.
Novel nitrogen doped (N‐doped) hollow beaded structural composite carbon nanofibers are successfully applied for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets are confined, through synergistic anchoring, on the surface and inside of hollow beaded carbon nanofibers (HB CNFs) via a hydrothermal reaction method to construct the hierarchical structure HB WS2@CNFs. Benefiting from this unique advantage, HB WS2@CNFs exhibits remarkable lithium‐storage performance in terms of high rate capability (≈351 mAh g?1 at 2 A g?1) and stable long‐term cycle (≈446 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1 after 100 cycles). Moreover, as an anode material for SIBs, HB WS2@CNFs obtains excellent long cycle life and rate performance. During the charging/discharging process, the evolution of morphology and composition of the composite are analyzed by a set of ex situ methods. This synergistic anchoring effect between WS2 nanosheets and HB CNFs is capable of effectively restraining volume expansion from the metal ions intercalation/deintercalation process and improving the cycling stability and rate performance in LIBs and SIBs.  相似文献   

6.
The multishelled (Co2/3Mn1/3)(Co5/6Mn1/6)2O4 hollow microspheres with controllable shell numbers up to septuple shells are synthesized using developed sequential templating method. Exhilaratingly, the septuple‐shelled complex metal oxide hollow microsphere is synthesized for the first time by doping Mn into Co3O4, leading to the change of crystalline rate of precursor. Used as electrode materials for alkaline rechargeable battery, it shows a remarkable reversible capacity (236.39 mAh g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1 by three‐electrode system and 106.85 mAh g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 in alkaline battery) and excellent cycling performance due to its unique structure.  相似文献   

7.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring versatile topological architectures are considered to be efficient self‐sacrificial templates to achieve mesoporous nanostructured materials. A facile and cost‐efficient strategy is developed to scalably fabricate binary metal oxides with complex hollow interior structures and tunable compositions. Bimetal–organic frameworks of Ni‐Co‐BTC solid microspheres with diverse Ni/Co ratios are readily prepared by solvothermal method to induce the Ni x Co3? x O4 multishelled hollow microspheres through a morphology‐inherited annealing treatment. The obtained mixed metal oxides are demonstrated to be composed of nanometer‐sized subunits in the shells and large void spaces left between adjacent shells. When evaluated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, Ni x Co3? x O4‐0.1 multishelled hollow microspheres deliver a high reversible capacity of 1109.8 mAh g?1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g?1 with an excellent high‐rate capability. Appropriate capacities of 832 and 673 mAh g?1 could also be retained after 300 cycles at large currents of 1 and 2 A g?1, respectively. These prominent electrochemical properties raise a concept of synthesizing MOFs‐derived mixed metal oxides with multishelled hollow structures for progressive lithium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

8.
Transition metal oxides have recently received great attention for application in advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic cobalt complex as a precursor to synthesize ultrafine Co3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated into a nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (NC) composites is presented. The as‐prepared Co3O4/NC‐350 obtained by pyrolysis at 350 °C demonstrates superior rate performance (372 mAh g?1 at 5.0 A g?1) and high cycling stability (92% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1.0 A g?1) as anode for LIBs. When evaluated as an electrocatalyst for OER, the Co3O4/NC‐350 achieves an overpotential of 298 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm?2. The NC‐encapsualted porous hierarchical structure assures fast and continuous electron transportation, high activity sites, and strong structural integrity. This works offers novel complex precursors for synthesizing transition metal–based electrodes for boosting electrochemical energy conversion and storage.  相似文献   

9.
Rational surface engineering of 2D nanoarchitectures‐based electrode materials is crucial as it may enable fast ion transport, abundant‐surface‐controlled energy storage, long‐term structural integrity, and high‐rate cycling performance. Here we developed the stacked ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets with surface functionalization (SUCNs‐SF) converted from layered hydroxides with inheritance of included anion groups (OH?, NO3?, CO32?). Such stacked structure establishes 2D nanofluidic channels offering extra lithium storage sites, accelerated Li‐ion transport, and sufficient buffering space for volume change during electrochemical processes. Tested as an anode material, this unique nanoarchitecture delivers high specific capacity (1230 and 1011 mAh g?1 at 0.2 and 1 A g?1, respectively), excellent rate performance, and long cycle capability (1500 cycles at 5 A g?1). The demonstrated advantageous features by constructing 2D nanochannels in nonlayered materials may open up possibilities for designing high‐power lithium ion batteries.  相似文献   

10.
3D graphene frameworks/Co3O4 composites are produced by the thermal explosion method, in which the generation of Co3O4 nanoparticles, reduction of graphene oxide, and creation of 3D frameworks are simultaneously completed. The process prevents the agglomeration of Co3O4 particles effectively, resulting in monodispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles scattered on the 3D graphene frameworks evenly. The prepared 3D graphene frameworks/Co3O4 composites used as electrodes for supercapacitor display a definite improvement on electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance (≈1765 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1), good rate performance (≈1266 F g?1 at a current density of 20 A g?1), and excellent stability (≈93% maintenance of specific capacitance at a constant current density of 10 A g?1 after 5000 cycles). In addition, the composites are also employed as nonenzymatic sensors for the electrochemical detection of glucose, which exhibit high sensitivity (122.16 µA mM ?1 cm?2) and noteworthy lower detection limit (157 × 10?9 M , S/N = 3). Therefore, the authors expect that the 3D graphene frameworks/Co3O4 composites described here would possess potential applications as the electrode materials in supercapacitors and nonenzymatic detection of glucose.  相似文献   

11.
Mn2O3 is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and low discharge potential. However, low electronic conductivity and capacity fading limits its practical application. In this work, Mn2O3 with 1D nanowire geometry is synthesized in neutral aqueous solutions by a facile and effective hydrothermal strategy for the first time, and then Mn2O3 nanoparticle and nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) are composited with Mn2O3 nanowires (Mn2O3‐GNCs) to enhance its volume utilization and conductivity. When used as an anode material for LIBs, the Mn2O3‐GNCs exhibit high reversible capacity (1350 mAh g?1), stable cycling stability, and good rate capability. Surprisingly, the Mn2O3‐GNC electrodes can also show fast charging capability; even after 200 cycles (charge: 10 A g?1; discharge: 0.5 A g?1), its discharge capacity can also keep at ≈500 mAh g?1. In addition, the Mn2O3‐GNCs also have considerable full cell and supercapacitor performance. The excellent electrochemical performances can be ascribed to the N‐rGO network structure and 1D nanowire structure, which can ensure fast ion and electron transportation.  相似文献   

12.
Currently, the specific capacity and cycling performance of various MoS2/carbon‐based anode materials for Na‐ion storage are far from satisfactory due to the insufficient structural stability of the electrode, incomplete protection of MoS2 by carbon, difficult access of electrolyte to the electrode interior, as well as inactivity of the adopted carbon matrix. To address these issues, this work presents the rational design and synthesis of 3D interconnected and hollow nanocables composed of multiwalled carbon@MoS2@carbon. In this architecture, (i) the 3D nanoweb‐like structure brings about excellent mechanical property of the electrode, (ii) the ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets are sandwiched between and doubly protected by two layers of porous carbon, (iii) the hollow structure of the primary nanofibers facilitates the access of electrolyte to the electrode interior, (iv) the porous and nitrogen‐doping properties of the two carbon materials lead to synergistic Na‐storage of carbon and MoS2. As a result, this hybrid material as the anode material of Na‐ion battery exhibits fast charge‐transfer reaction, high utilization efficiency, and ultrastability. Outstanding reversible capacity (1045 mAh g?1), excellent rate behavior (817 mAh g?1 at 7000 mA g?1), and good cycling performance (747 mAh g?1 after 200 cycles at 700 mA g?1) are obtained.  相似文献   

13.
Due to the high theoretical capacity as high as 1494 mAh g?1, SnO2 is considered as a potential anode material for high‐capacity lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the simple but effective method focused on fabrication of SnO2 is imperative. To meet this, a facile and efficient strategy to fabricate core–shell structured C/SnO2 hollow spheres by a solvothermal method is reported. Herein, the solid and hollow structure as well as the carbon content can be controlled. Very importantly, high‐yield C/SnO2 spheres can be produced by this method, which suggest potential business applications in LIBs field. Owing to the dual buffer effect of the carbon layer and hollow structures, the core–shell structured C/SnO2 hollow spheres deliver a high reversible discharge capacity of 1007 mAh g?1 at a current density of 100 mA g?1 after 300 cycles and a superior discharge capacity of 915 mAh g?1 at 500 mA g?1 after 500 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1 and 2 A g?1, the core–shell structured C/SnO2 hollow spheres electrode still exhibits excellent discharge capacity in the long life cycles. Consideration of the superior performance and high yield, the core–shell structured C/SnO2 hollow spheres are of great interest for the next‐generation LIBs.  相似文献   

14.

Nanostructured transition metal oxides are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the problem of high volume expansion rate limits its further application. In this paper, we present a 3D hierarchical SnO2 hollow nanotubes material by calcining C@SnS2 materials in the air. This structure combines the advantages of both the hollow nanotubes and the outer staggered nanosheets structure, in which the hollow nanotube can provide more lithium ion transport channels, the space between the tubes can buffer the volume change, and the staggering nanosheets structure can effectively improve the relative specific surface area of the material and improve the storage capacity. As a result, the SnO2 hollow nanotubes anode exhibits the highly reversible capacity of 1079 mAh g?1 at a current density of 100 mA g?1, while the reversible specific capacity of 770 mAh g?1 was obtained after 100 cycles. The research results obtained in this work provide a feasible strategy for synthetic nanoscale transition metal oxide as high-performance lithium anode material.

  相似文献   

15.
Yolk–shell nanostructures have received great attention for boosting the performance of lithium‐ion batteries because of their obvious advantages in solving the problems associated with large volume change, low conductivity, and short diffusion path for Li+ ion transport. A universal strategy for making hollow transition metal oxide (TMO) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated into B, N co‐doped graphitic nanotubes (TMO@BNG (TMO = CoO, Ni2O3, Mn3O4) through combining pyrolysis with an oxidation method is reported herein. The as‐made TMO@BNG exhibits the TMO‐dependent lithium‐ion storage ability, in which CoO@BNG nanotubes exhibit highest lithium‐ion storage capacity of 1554 mA h g?1 at the current density of 96 mA g?1, good rate ability (410 mA h g?1 at 1.75 A g?1), and high stability (almost 96% storage capacity retention after 480 cycles). The present work highlights the importance of introducing hollow TMO NPs with thin wall into BNG with large surface area for boosting LIBs in the terms of storage capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability.  相似文献   

16.
SnS2 has been widely studied as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) based on the high theoretical capacity and layered structure. Unfortunately, rapid capacity decay associated with volume variation during cycling limits practical application. Herein, SnS2/Co3S4 hollow nanocubes anchored on S‐doped graphene are synthesized for the first time via coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. When applied as the anode for SIBs, the sample delivers a distinguished charge specific capacity of 1141.8 mAh g?1 and there is no significant capacity decay (0.1 A g?1 for 50 cycles). When the rate is increased to 0.5 A g?1, it presents 845.7 mAh g?1 after cycling 100 times. Furthermore, the composite also exhibits an ultrafast sodium storage capability where 392.9 mAh g?1 can be obtained at 10 A g?1 and the charging time is less than 3 min. The outstanding electrochemical properties can be ascribed to the enhancement of conductivity for the addition of S‐doped graphene and the existence of p–n junctions in the SnS2/Co3S4 heterostructure. Moreover, the presence of mesopores between nanosheets can alleviate volume expansion during cycling as well as being beneficial for the migration of Na+.  相似文献   

17.
Co3O4/nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow spheres (Co3O4/NHCSs) with hierarchical structures are synthesized by virtue of a hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination treatment. NHCSs, as a hard template, can aid the generation of Co3O4 nanosheets on its surface; while SiO2 spheres, as a sacrificed‐template, can be dissolved in the process. The prepared Co3O4/NHCS composites are investigated as the electrode active material. This composite exhibits an enhanced performance than Co3O4 itself. A higher specific capacitance of 581 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 and a higher rate performance of 91.6% retention at 20 A g?1 are achieved, better than Co3O4 nanorods (318 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 and 67.1% retention at 20 A g?1). In addition, the composite is employed as a positive electrode to fabricate an asymmetric supercapacitor. The device can deliver a high energy density of 34.5 Wh kg?1 at the power density of 753 W kg?1 and display a desirable cycling stability. All of these attractive results make the unique hierarchical Co3O4/NHCS core–shell structure a promising electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors.  相似文献   

18.
1T phase MoS2 possesses higher conductivity than the 2H phase, which is a key parameter of electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid is successfully synthesized through facile hydrothermal method with a proper glucose additive. The synthesized hybrid material is composed of smaller and fewer‐layer 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets covered by thin carbon layers with an enlarged interlayer spacing of 0.94 nm. When it is used as an anode material for LIBs, the enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates rapid intercalating and deintercalating of lithium ions and accommodates volume change during cycling. The high intrinsic conductivity of 1T‐MoS2 also contributes to a faster transfer of lithium ions and electrons. Moreover, much smaller and fewer‐layer nanosheets can shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and accelerate reaction kinetics, leading to an improved electrochemical performance. It delivers a high initial capacity of 920.6 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1 and the capacity can maintain 870 mAh g?1 even after 300 cycles, showing a superior cycling stability. The electrode presents a high rate performance as well with a reversible capacity of 600 mAh g?1 at 10 A g?1. These results show that the 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid shows potential for use in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

19.
Recently, binary ZnCo2O4 has drawn enormous attention for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) as attractive anode owing to its large theoretical capacity and good environmental benignity. However, the modest electrical conductivity and serious volumetric effect/particle agglomeration over cycling hinder its extensive applications. To address the concerns, herein, a rapid laser‐irradiation methodology is firstly devised toward efficient synthesis of oxygen‐vacancy abundant nano‐ZnCo2O4/porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrids as anodes for LIBs. The synergistic contributions from nano‐dimensional ZnCo2O4 with rich oxygen vacancies and flexible rGO guarantee abundant active sites, fast electron/ion transport, and robust structural stability, and inhibit the agglomeration of nanoscale ZnCo2O4, favoring for superb electrochemical lithium‐storage performance. More encouragingly, the optimal L‐ZCO@rGO‐30 anode exhibits a large reversible capacity of ≈1053 mAh g?1 at 0.05 A g?1, excellent cycling stability (≈746 mAh g?1 at 1.0 A g?1 after 250 cycles), and preeminent rate capability (≈686 mAh g?1 at 3.2 A g?1). Further kinetic analysis corroborates that the capacitive‐controlled process dominates the involved electrochemical reactions of hybrid anodes. More significantly, this rational design holds the promise of being extended for smart fabrication of other oxygen‐vacancy abundant metal oxide/porous rGO hybrids toward advanced LIBs and beyond.  相似文献   

20.
V2O5 hollow microclews (V2O5‐HMs) have been fabricated through a facile solvothermal method with subsequent calcination. The synthesized V2O5‐HMs exhibit a 3D hierarchical structure constructed by intertangled nanowires, which could realize superior ion transport, good structural stability, and significantly improved tap density. When used as the cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the V2O5‐HMs deliver a high capacity (145.3 mAh g‐1) and a superior rate capability (94.8 mAh g‐1 at 65 C). When coupled with a lithiated Li3VO4 anode, the all‐vanadium‐based lithium‐ion full cell exhibits remarkable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 71.7% over 1500 cycles at 6.7 C. The excellent electrochemical performance demonstrates that the V2O5‐HM is a promising candidate for LIBs. The insight obtained from this work also provides a novel strategy for assembling 1D materials into hierarchical microarchitectures with anti‐pulverization ability, excellent electrochemical kinetics, and enhanced tap density.  相似文献   

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