Multifarious Transit Gates for Programmable Delivery of Bio‐functionalized Matters

Programmable delivery of biological matter is indispensable for the massive arrays of individual objects in biochemical and biomedical applications. Although a digital manipulation of single cells has been implemented by the integrated circuits of micromagnetophoretic patterns with current wires, the complex fabrication process and multiple current operation steps restrict its practical application for biomolecule arrays. Here, a convenient approach using multifarious transit gates is proposed, for digital manipulation of biofunctionalized microrobotic particles that can pass through the local energy barriers by a time‐dependent pulsed magnetic field instead of multiple current wires. The multifarious transit gates including return, delay, and resistance linear gates, as well as dividing, reversed, and rectifying T‐junction gates, are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the programmable manipulation of microrobotic particles. The results demonstrate that, a suitable angle of the gating field at a suitable time zone is crucial to implement digital operations at integrated multifarious transit gates along bifurcation paths to trap microrobotic particles in specific apartments, paving the way for flexible on‐chip arrays of biomolecules and cells.     

Digitally Programmable Gain Amplifiers

Following a review of the state of the art, some new circuits are presented for designing a set of digitally programmable gain amplifiers. Design features of these circuits are presented, and critical assessments are made of their relative merits and limitations.     

Electronically Programmable Inductorless Ladder Filters

A technique is presented for the design of a programmable filter instrument in which the frequency response may be electronically programmed by an external analog or digital signal. The active ladder structure is used because the passband insertion loss is highly insensitive to element tolerances. The basis of the method is the selection of a set of electronically switched conductances within the general active ladder structure, which is directly related to the frequency domain characteristics of the transfer function. The frequency response is controlled by accurately programming the values of the conductances in this set. An instrument is presented which embodies these principles and illustrates the versatility which is possible with programmable active ladder structures.     

Programmable unitary spatial mode manipulation

Free space propagation and conventional optical systems such as lenses and mirrors all perform spatial unitary transforms. However, the subset of transforms available through these conventional systems is limited in scope. We present here a unitary programmable mode converter (UPMC) capable of performing any spatial unitary transform of the light field. It is based on a succession of reflections on programmable deformable mirrors and free space propagation. We first show theoretically that a UPMC without limitations on resources can perform perfectly any transform. We then build an experimental implementation of the UPMC and show that, even when limited to three reflections on an array of 12 pixels, the UPMC is capable of performing single mode tranforms with an efficiency greater than 80% for the first four modes of the transverse electromagnetic basis.     

Kirigami-Inspired Inflatables with Programmable Shapes

Kirigami, the Japanese art of paper cutting, has recently enabled the design of stretchable mechanical metamaterials that can be easily realized by embedding arrays of periodic cuts into an elastic sheet. Here, kirigami principles are exploited to design inflatables that can mimic target shapes upon pressurization. The system comprises a kirigami sheet embedded into an unstructured elastomeric membrane. First, it is shown that the inflated shape can be controlled by tuning the geometric parameters of the kirigami pattern. Then, by applying a simple optimization algorithm, the best parameters that enable the kirigami inflatables to transform into a family of target shapes at a given pressure are identified. Furthermore, thanks to the tessellated nature of the kirigami, it is shown that we can selectively manipulate the parameters of the single units to allow the reproduction of features at different scales and ultimately enable a more accurate mimicking of the target.     

A Programmable Display Test Unit

The present approach to testing and aligning complex avionic information display systems such as those in the F-14A, E-2C, and S-3A aircraft has been highly specialized, and military experience with this approach reveals that it is complicated, time-consuming, and often seriously compromises test effectiveness. Attempts to use general-purpose automatic test equipment (ATE) for display testing also have not been entirely successful because of the need for highly complex, externally situated equipment and adapters. Based on this premise, PRD Electronics has undertaken the development of a unique display test unit which under program control meets the test needs of many display systems, such as those in the A-7E and F-18 aircraft, without proliferation of hardware and without the need for "reengineering" the unit for each new application. Program control provides Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard video formats as well as various test patterns for performance evaluation. This paper addresses the overall system considerations as well as some of the unique techniques employed.     

Programmable spatial filtering with bacteriorhodopsin

We describe a programmable spatial-filtering system using bacteriorhodopsin (BR) film as a programmable, optically addressed spatial light modulator illuminated by a single wavelength of light. We use a computer-controlled mirror scanning system to write time-varying filter functions to the BR film and present proof-of-principle experimental results that demonstrate several elementary filtering operations.     

程序化饥饿与光动力协同癌症治疗研究（英文）

协同治疗是指将多种治疗方法联合在一起使用,从而显著增强治疗效果.然而,如何设计出理想的组合以最大限度地发挥协同效应仍是肿瘤治疗的一大挑战.在此,我们构建了一种由葡萄糖氧化酶修饰的上转换纳米制剂,用于程序化的肿瘤饥饿-光动力协同治疗研究.葡萄糖氧化酶催化氧化肿瘤内的葡萄糖并产生过氧化氢,该过程消耗葡萄糖和氧气,使得肿瘤细胞缺乏营养物质处于"饥饿"状态,导致细胞死亡.并且在980 nm的近红外光激发下,上转换纳米颗粒激发产生紫外可见光,将双氧水裂解成毒性更强的羟基自由基,进一步杀死肿瘤细胞.体外和体内实验均证实这种饥饿-光动力协同治疗明显优于任何单一治疗.本研究为设计程序可控的饥饿-光动力协同治疗提供了理论支撑.     

Programmable Automatic Multimeter Calibration System

This paper describes a programmable automatic ac and dc multimeter calibration system consisting of a remotely programmed precise source of ac and dc voltage and current as well as resistance and a desk calculator. The calculator is used not only to sequence the source through different test conditions but also to display information, determine conformity to limits, and record data. Emphasis is placed on reducing the difficulty of use by an operator both in the calibration function and in the data entry function. Interactive routines for accomplishing these functions are described.     

FD型可编程系列仪表

介绍新开发的适用于带有开卷和收卷的拖动线上的ＦＤ型可编程自动化仪表、米计数器、减速度仪、直径测示仪及特殊功能计数器。     

可编程THz-TDS锁相放大技术

太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)其光导天线产生的信号与背景噪声相比极其微弱,需要采用锁相放大技术对信号进行放大处理。根据锁相放大的基本原理和太赫兹时域光谱系统的特点,设计出了基于 AD630的可编程THz-TDS锁相放大系统,该系统能够根据使用要求提供合适的中心斩波频率和带宽值。通过实验得到了由模拟开关控制的可编程带通滤波器在不同中心斩波频率处的输出值和带宽的关系曲线,并通过模拟实验验证了系统对微弱信号的探测能力。最后,在光学延迟线移动速度为1500μm/s,连续扫描的情况下,采集到的THz信号的信噪比在50 dB左右。结果表明,该系统具有中心斩波频率和带宽可调,锁相效果好,体积小,便于太赫兹仪器的集成化等优点。     

Programmable controllers for industrial refrigerant plants

Microcomputers for control purposes are being used in the refrigeration industry in the form of programmable controllers (PCs). The function and use of PCs will be considered, together with an introduction to microcomputer control.