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1.
Double halide perovskites are a class of promising semiconductors applied in photocatalysis, photovoltaic devices, and emitters to replace lead halide perovskites, owing to their nontoxicity and chemical stability. However, most double perovskites always exhibit low photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) due to the indirect bandgap structure or parity‐forbidden transition problem, limiting their further applications. Herein, the self‐trapped excitons emission of Cs2NaInCl6 by Sb‐doping, showing a blue emission with high PLQE of 84%, is improved. Further, Sb/Mn codoped Cs2NaInCl6 nanocrystals are successfully synthesized by the hot‐injection method, showing a tunable dual‐emission covering the white‐light spectrum. The studies of PL properties and dynamics reveal that an energy transfer process can occur between the self‐trapped excitons and dopants (Mn2+). The work provides a new perspective to design novel lead‐free double perovskites for realizing a unique white‐light emission.  相似文献   

2.
Transition metal ions (Cu+, Ag+) incorporated within the cavities of zeolites by an ion-exchange method exhibit unique photoluminescence under UV irradiation due to the inner shell type electronic transition (d9s1 → d10). Detailed photoluminescence investigations revealed that the transition metal ions exist in highly dispersed state with linear 2 coordination sphere and interact with NOx (NO and N2O) in their photoexcited states. In fact, Cu+ and Ag+ ions within zeolites show an efficient and unique photocatalytic performance for the decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 at ambient temperature. Detailed studies of the interaction of NOx with the excited states of these metal ions indicated that an electron transfer from the s orbital of the excited state of Cu+ or Ag+ ions into the π* antibonding orbital of NOx initiates the decomposition of NOx into N2 and O2.  相似文献   

3.
Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) are well‐known near‐infrared fluorophores and have attracted great interest in biomedical labeling and imaging in the past years. However, their photoluminescence efficiency is hard to compete with Cd‐, Pb‐based QDs. The high Ag+ mobility in Ag2S crystal, which causes plenty of cation deficiency and crystal defects, may be responsible mainly for the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Ag2S QDs. Herein, a cation‐doping strategy is presented via introducing a certain dosage of transition metal Pb2+ ions into Ag2S nanocrystals to mitigate this intrinsic shortcoming. The Pb‐doped Ag2S QDs (designated as Pb:Ag2S QDs) present a renovated crystal structure and significantly enhanced optical performance. Moreover, by simply adjusting the levels of Pb doping in the doped nanocrystals, Pb:Ag2S QDs with bright emission (PLQY up to 30.2%) from 975 to 1242 nm can be prepared without altering the ultrasmall particle size (≈2.7–2.8 nm). Evidently, this cation‐doping strategy facilitates both the renovation of crystal structure of Ag2S QDs and modulation of their optical properties.  相似文献   

4.
Lead-free double perovskites have great potential as stable and nontoxic optoelectronic materials. Recently, Cs2AgBiBr6 has emerged as a promising material, with suboptimal photon-to-charge carrier conversion efficiency, yet well suited for high-energy photon-detection applications. Here, the optoelectronic and structural properties of pure Cs2AgBiBr6 and alkali-metal-substituted (Cs1−xYx)2AgBiBr6 (Y: Rb+, K+, Na+; x = 0.02) single crystals are investigated. Strikingly, alkali-substitution entails a tunability to the material system in its response to X-rays and structural properties that is most strongly revealed in Rb-substituted compounds whose X-ray sensitivity outperforms other double-perovskite-based devices reported. While the fundamental nature and magnitude of the bandgap remains unchanged, the alkali-substituted materials exhibit a threefold boost in their fundamental carrier recombination lifetime at room temperature. Moreover, an enhanced electron–acoustic phonon scattering is found compared to Cs2AgBiBr6. The study thus paves the way for employing cation substitution to tune the properties of double perovskites toward a new material platform for optoelectronics.  相似文献   

5.
Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) are one of the most important components in developing dissipationless electronic and spintronic devices. However, FMIs are innately rare to find in nature as ferromagnetism generally accompanies metallicity. Here, novel room‐temperature FMI films that are epitaxially synthesized by deliberate control of the ratio between two B‐site cations in the double perovskite Sr2Fe1+xRe1‐xO6 (?0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) are reported. In contrast to the known FM metallic phase in stoichiometric Sr2FeReO6, an FMI state with a high Curie temperature (Tc ≈ 400 K) and a large saturation magnetization (MS ≈ 1.8 µB f.u.?1) is found in highly cation‐ordered Fe‐rich phases. The stabilization of the FMI state is attributed to the formation of extra Fe3+? Fe3+ and Fe3+? Re6+ bonding states, which originate from the relatively excess Fe ions owing to the deficiency in Re ions. The emerging FMI state created by controlling cations in the oxide double perovskites opens the door to developing novel oxide quantum materials and spintronic devices.  相似文献   

6.
The integration of graphene with colloidal quantum dots (QDs) that have tunable light absorption affords new opportunities for optoelectronic applications as such a hybrid system solves the problem of both quantity and mobility of photocarriers. In this work, a hybrid system comprising of monolayer graphene and self‐doped colloidal copper phosphide (Cu3?x P) QDs is developed for efficient broadband photodetection. Unlike conventional PbS QDs that are toxic, Cu3?x P QDs are environmental friendly and have plasmonic resonant absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength. The half‐covered graphene with Cu3?x P nanocrystals (NCs) behaves as a self‐driven p–n junction and shows durable photoresponse in NIR range. A comparison experiment reveals that the surface ligand attached to Cu3?x P NCs plays a key role in determining the charge transfer efficiency from Cu3?x P to graphene. The most efficient three‐terminal photodetectors based on graphene‐Cu3?x P exhibit broadband photoresponse from 400 to 1550 nm with an ultrahigh responsivity (1.59 × 105 A W?1) and high photoconductive gain (6.66 × 105) at visible wavelength (405 nm), and a good responsivity of 9.34 A W?1 at 1550 nm. The demonstration of flexible graphene‐Cu3?x P photodetectors operated at NIR wavelengths may find potential applications in optical sensing, biological imaging, and wearable devices.  相似文献   

7.
Development of noble‐metal‐free photocatalysts for highly efficient sunlight‐driven water splitting is of great interest. Nevertheless, for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER), the integrated regulation study on morphology, electronic band structures, and surface active sites of catalyst is still minimal up to now. Herein, well‐defined 1D Cd1?xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx hybrid nanostructures with enhanced activity and stability for photocatalytic HER are prepared. Interestingly, the band alignments, exposure of active sites, and interfacial charge separation of Cd1?xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx are optimized by tuning the Zn‐doping content as well as the growth of defect‐rich O‐MoS2 layer and NiOx nanoparticles, which endow the hybrids with excellent HER performances. Specifically, the visible‐light‐driven (>420 nm) HER activity of Cd1?xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx with 15% Zn‐doping and 0.2 wt% O‐MoS2 (CZ0.15S‐0.2M‐NiOx) in lactic acid solution (66.08 mmol h?1 g?1) is about 25 times that of Pt loaded CZ0.15S, which is further increased to 223.17 mmol h?1 g?1 when using Na2S/Na2SO3 as the sacrificial agent. Meanwhile, in Na2S/Na2SO3 solution, the CZ0.15S‐0.2M‐NiOx sample demonstrates an apparent quantum yield of 64.1% at 420 nm and a good stability for HER under long‐time illumination. The results presented in this work can be valuable inspirations for the exploitation of advanced materials for energy‐related applications.  相似文献   

8.
Creating defect tolerant lead‐free halide perovskites is the major challenge for development of high‐performance photovoltaics with nontoxic absorbers. Few compounds of Sn, Sb, or Bi possess ns2 electronic configuration similar to lead, but their poor photovoltaic performances inspire us to evaluate other factors influencing defect tolerance properties. The effect of heavy metal cation (Bi) transmutation and ionic migration on the defects and carrier properties in a 2D layered perovskite (NH4)3(Sb(1?x)Bix)2I9 system is investigated. It is shown, for the first time, the possibility of engineering the carriers in halide perovskites via metal cation transmutation to successfully form intrinsic p‐ and n‐type materials. It is also shown that this material possesses a direct–indirect bandgap enabling high absorption coefficient, extended carrier lifetimes >100 ns, and low trap densities similar to lead halide perovskites. This study also demonstrates the possibility of electrical poling to induce switchable photovoltaic effect without additional electron and hole transport layers.  相似文献   

9.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials with mixed cations have demonstrated tremendous advances in photovoltaics recently, by showing a significant enhancement of power conversion efficiency and improved perovskite stability. Inspired by this development, this study presents the facile synthesis of mixed‐cation perovskite nanocrystals based on FA(1?x )Csx PbBr3 (FA = CH(NH2)2). By detailed characterization of their morphological, optical, and physicochemical properties, it is found that the emission property of the perovskite, FA(1?x )Csx PbBr3, is significantly dependent on the substitution content of the Cs cations in the perovskite composition. These mixed‐cation perovskites are employed as light emitters in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). With an optimized composition of FA0.8Cs0.2PbBr3, the LEDs exhibit encouraging performance with a highest reported luminance of 55 005 cd m?2 and a current efficiency of 10.09 cd A?1. This work provides important instructions on the future compositional optimization of mixed‐cation perovskite for obtaining high‐performance LEDs. The authors believe this work is a new milestone in the development of bright and efficient perovskite LEDs.  相似文献   

10.
The exploration of materials with reversible and stable electrochemical performance is crucial in energy storage, which can (de) intercalate all the alkali‐metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+). Although transition‐metal chalcogenides are investigated continually, the design and controllable preparation of hierarchical nanostructure and subtle composite withstable properties are still great challenges. Herein, component‐optimal Co0.85Se1?xSx nanoparticles are fabricated by in situ sulfidization of metal organic framework, which are wrapped by the S‐doped graphene, constructing a hollow polyhedron framework with double carbon shells (CoSSe@C/G). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of composition regulation and architecture design by S‐substitution, the electrochemical kinetic is enhanced by the boosted electrochemistry‐active sites, and the volume variation is mitigated by the designed structure, resulting in the advanced alkali‐ion storage performance. Thus, it delivers an outstanding reversible capacity of 636.2 mAh g?1 at 2 A g?1 after 1400 cycles for Li‐ion batteries. Remarkably, satisfactory initial charge capacities of 548.1 and 532.9 mAh g?1 at 0.1 A g?1 can be obtained for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries, respectively. The prominent performance combined with the theory calculation confirms that the synergistic strategy can improve the alkali‐ion transportation and structure stability, providing an instructive guide for designing high‐performance anode materials for universal alkali‐ion storage.  相似文献   

11.
Yolk–shell structured micro/nano‐sized materials have broad and important applications in different areas due to their unique spatial configurations. In this study, yolk–shell structured Co3O4@Co3O4 is prepared using a simple and scalable hydrothermal reaction, followed by a calcination process. Then, CoxCu1?xCo2O4@CoyCu1?yCo2O4 microspheres are synthesized via adsorption and calcination processes using the as‐prepared Co3O4@Co3O4 as the precursor. A possible formation mechanism of the yolk–shell structures is proposed based on the characterization results, which is different from those of yolk–shell structures in previous study. For the first time, the catalytic activity of yolk–shell structured catalysts in ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis is studied. It is discovered that the yolk–shell structured CoxCu1?xCo2O4@CoyCu1?yCo2O4 microspheres exhibit high performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 81.8 molhydrogen min?1 molcat?1. This is one of the highest TOF values reported for a noble‐metal‐free catalyst in the literature. Additionally, the yolk–shell structured CoxCu1?xCo2O4@CoyCu1?yCo2O4 microspheres are highly stable and reusable. These yolk–shell structured CoxCu1?xCo2O4@CoyCu1?yCo2O4 microsphere is a promising catalyst candidate in AB hydrolysis considering the excellent catalytic behavior and low cost.  相似文献   

12.
0D lead‐free metal halide nanocrystals (NCs) are an emerging class of materials with intriguing optical properties. Herein, colloidal synthetic routes are presented for the production of 0D Cs3Cu2X5 (X = I, Br, and Cl) NCs with orthorhombic structure and well‐defined morphologies. All these Cs3Cu2X5 NCs exhibit broadband blue‐green photoluminescence (PL) emissions in the range of 445–527 nm with large Stokes shifts, which are attributed to their intrinsic self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission characteristics. The high PL quantum yield of 48.7% is obtained from Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs, while Cs3Cu2I5 NCs exhibit considerable air stability over 45 days. Intriguingly, as X is changed from I to Br and Cl, Cs3Cu2X5 NCs exhibit a continuous redshift of emission peaks, which is contrary to the blueshift in CsPbX3 perovskite NCs.  相似文献   

13.
J.L. Cui  H.F. Xue  W.J. Xiu 《Materials Letters》2006,60(29-30):3669-3672
The p-type pseudo-binary AgxBi0.5Sb1.5−xTe3 (x = 0.05–0.4) alloys were prepared by cold pressing. The thermal conductivities (κ) were calculated from the values of heat capacities, densities and thermal diffusivities measured, and range approximately from 0.66 to 0.56 (W K− 1 m− 1) for the AgxBi0.5Sb1.5−xTe3 alloy with molar fraction x being 0.4. Combining with the electrical properties obtained in the previous study, the maximum dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 1.1 was obtained at the temperature of 558 K.  相似文献   

14.
Long‐term instability and possible lead contamination are the two main issues limiting the widespread application of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites. Here a facile and efficient solution‐phase method is demonstrated to synthesize lead‐free Cs2SnX6 (X = Br, I) with a well‐defined crystal structure, long‐term stability, and high yield. Based on the systematic experimental data and first‐principle simulation results, Cs2SnX6 displays excellent stability against moisture, light, and high temperature, which can be ascribed to the unique vacancy‐ordered defect‐variant structure, stable chemical compositions with Sn4+, as well as the lower formation enthalpy for Cs2SnX6. Additionally, photodetectors based on Cs2SnI6 are also fabricated, which show excellent performance and stability. This study provides very useful insights into the development of lead‐free double perovskites with high stability.  相似文献   

15.
Structural defects often dominate the electronic‐ and thermal‐transport properties of thermoelectric (TE) materials and are thus a central ingredient for improving their performance. However, understanding the relationship between TE performance and the disordered atomic defects that are generally inherent in nanostructured alloys remains a challenge. Herein, the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy to visualize atomic defects directly is described and disordered atomic‐scale defects are demonstrated to be responsible for the enhancement of TE performance in nanostructured Ti1?x Hfx NiSn1?y Sby half‐Heusler alloys. The disordered defects at all atomic sites induce a local composition fluctuation, effectively scattering phonons and improving the power factor. It is observed that the Ni interstitial and Ti,Hf/Sn antisite defects are collectively formed, leading to significant atomic disorder that causes the additional reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. The Ti1?x Hfx NiSn1?y Sby alloys containing inherent atomic‐scale defect disorders are produced in one hour by a newly developed process of temperature‐regulated rapid solidification followed by sintering. The collective atomic‐scale defect disorder improves the zT to 1.09 ± 0.12 at 800 K for the Ti0.5Hf0.5NiSn0.98Sb0.02 alloy. These results provide a promising avenue for improving the TE performance of state‐of‐the‐art materials.  相似文献   

16.
Semiconducting lead triiodide perovskites (A PbI3) have shown remarkable performance in applications including photovoltaics and electroluminescence. Despite many theoretical possibilities for A + in A PbI3, the current experimental knowledge is largely limited to two of these materials: methylammonium (MA+) and formamidinium (FA+) lead triiodides, neither of which adopts the ideal, cubic perovskite structure at room temperature. Here, a volume‐based criterion is proposed for cubic A PbI3 to be stable, and two perovskite materials MA1?x EAx PbI3 (MEPI, EA+ = ethylammonium) and MA1?y DMAy PbI3 (MDPI, DMA+ = dimethylammonium) are introduced. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that MEPI and MDPI are solid solutions possessing the cubic perovskite structure, and the EA+ and DMA+ cations play similar roles in the symmetrization of the crystal lattice of MAPbI3. Single crystals of MEPI and MDPI are grown and made into plates of a range of thicknesses, and then into metal–perovskite photodiodes. These devices exhibit tripled diffusion lengths and about tenfold enhancement in stability against moisture, both relative to the current benchmark MAPbI3. In this study, the systematic approach to materials design and device fabrication greatly expands the candidate pool of perovskite semiconductors, and paves the way for high‐performance, single‐crystal perovskite devices including solar cells and light emitters.  相似文献   

17.
Engineering the chemical composition of organic and inorganic hybrid perovskite materials is one of the most feasible methods to boost the efficiency of perovskite solar cells with improved device stability. Among the diverse hybrid perovskite family of ABX3, formamidinium (FA)‐based mixed perovskite (e.g., FA1?x Csx PbI3) possesses optimum bandgaps, superior optoelectronic property, as well as thermal‐ and photostability, which is proven to be the most promising candidate for advanced solar cell. Here, FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3(Cl) is implemented as the light‐harvesting layer in planar devices, whereas a low temperature, two‐step solution deposition method is employed for the first time in this materials system. This paper comprehensively exploits the role of Cs+ in the FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3(Cl) perovskite that affects the precursor chemistry, film nucleation and grain growth, and defect property via pre‐intercalation of CsI in the inorganic framework. In addition, the resultant FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3(Cl) films are demonstrated to exhibit an improved optoelectronic property with an elevated device power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6%, as well as a stable phase with substantial enhancement in humidity and thermal stability, as compared to that of FAPbI3(Cl). The present method is able to be further extended to a more complicated (FA,MA,Cs)PbX3 material system by delivering a PCE of 19.8%.  相似文献   

18.
A facile two‐step solution‐phase method has been developed for the preparation of hierarchical α‐MnO2 nanowires@Ni1‐xMnxOy nanoflakes core–shell nanostructures. Ultralong α‐MnO2 nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method in the first step. Subsequently, Ni1‐xMnxOy nanoflakes were grown on α‐MnO2 nanowires to form core–shell nanostructures using chemical bath deposition followed by thermal annealing. Both solution‐phase methods can be easily scaled up for mass production. We have evaluated their application in supercapacitors. The ultralong one‐dimensional (1D) α‐MnO2 nanowires in hierarchical core–shell nanostructures offer a stable and efficient backbone for charge transport; while the two‐dimensional (2D) Ni1‐xMnxOy nanoflakes on α‐MnO2 nanowires provide high accessible surface to ions in the electrolyte. These beneficial features enable the electrode with high capacitance and reliable stability. The capacitance of the core–shell α‐MnO2@Ni1‐xMnxOy nanostructures (x = 0.75) is as high as 657 F g?1 at a current density of 250 mA g?1, and stable charging‐discharging cycling over 1000 times at a current density of 2000 mA g?1 has been realized.  相似文献   

19.
Longer carrier diffusion length and improved power conversion efficiency have been reported for thin‐film solar cell of organolead mixed‐halide perovskite MAPbI3– x Cl x in comparison with MAPbI3. Instead of substituting I in the MAPbI3 lattice, Cl‐incorporation has been shown to mainly improve the film morphology of perovskite absorber. Well‐defined crystal structure, adjustable composition (x), and regular morphology, remains a formidable task. Herein, a facile solution‐assembly method is reported for synthesizing single‐crystalline nanofibers (NFs) of tetragonal‐lattice MAPbI3– x Cl x with the Cl‐content adjustable between 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75, leading to a gradual blueshift of the absorption and photoluminescence maxima from x = 0 to 0.75. The photoresponsivity (R) of MAPbI3 NFs keeps almost unchanging at a value independent of the white‐light illumination intensity (P). In contrast, R of MAPbI3– x Cl x NFs decreases rapidly with increasing both the x and P values, indicating Cl‐substitution increases the recombination traps of photogenerated free electrons and holes. This study provides a model system to examine the role of extrinsic Cl ions in both perovskite crystallography and optoelectronic properties.  相似文献   

20.
Mixed‐halide wide‐bandgap perovskites are key components for the development of high‐efficiency tandem structured devices. However, mixed‐halide perovskites usually suffer from phase‐impurity and high defect density issues, where the causes are still unclear. By using in situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, it is found that in methylammonium (MA+)‐based mixed‐halide perovskites, MAPb(I0.6Br0.4)3, the halide composition of the spin‐coated perovskite films is preferentially dominated by the bromide ions (Br?). Additional thermal energy is required to initiate the insertion of iodide ions (I?) to achieve the stoichiometric balance. Notably, by incorporating a small amount of formamidinium ions (FA+) in the precursor solution, it can effectively facilitate the I? coordination in the perovskite framework during the spin‐coating and improve the composition homogeneity of the initial small particles. The aggregation of these homogenous small particles is found to be essential to achieve uniform and high‐crystallinity perovskite film with high Br? content. As a result, high‐quality MA0.9FA0.1Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3 perovskite film with a bandgap (Eg) of 1.81 eV is achieved, along with an encouraging power‐conversion‐efficiency of 17.1% and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.21 V. This work also demonstrates the in situ PL can provide a direct observation of the dynamic of ion coordination during the perovskite crystallization.  相似文献   

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