基于跨语言语料的汉泰词分布表示

词汇的表示问题是自然语言处理的基础研究内容。目前单语词汇分布表示已经在一些自然语言处理问题上取得很好的应用效果,然而在跨语言词汇的分布表示上国内外研究很少,针对这个问题,利用两种语言名词、动词分布的相似性,通过弱监督学习扩展等方式在中文语料中嵌入泰语的互译词、同类词、上义词等,学习出泰语词在汉泰跨语言环境下的分布。实验基于学习到的跨语言词汇分布表示应用于双语文本相似度计算和汉泰混合语料集文本分类,均取得较好效果。     

一种实现控件与多语言文本动态绑定的方法

现代应用中大多已有进行多语言切换的需求,但对于控件本身文本显示信息,要实现多语言实时切换还有一些难度,文中提出一种能够根据用户的选择将控件与显示文本进行动态绑定显示的方法,通过对控件文本信息的多语言实时切换.该方法具有执行效率较高、定制选择灵活方便、性能稳定可靠、适用范围较为广泛的特点.该方法已在基于CAR构件的Elastos操作系统上实现并运用于智能手机应用.     

基于词向量的越汉跨语言事件检索研究

为了解决越汉跨语言事件检索中的查询翻译问题,该文提出了一种基于词向量的越汉跨语言事件检索方法。首先利用词向量构建事件关键词的汉语语义特征向量,然后计算越语的事件关键词的特征翻译向量,最后通过计算语义特征向量之间的相似度完成跨语言关键词对齐,从而实现查询关键词的自动翻译,进而完成跨语言事件检索。在构建的南海话题相关越汉语料库上进行的实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

多特征的中文文本校对算法的研究

本文阐述了中文文本信息的特征,并在此基础上提出了利用文本信息的统计特征规律和评议结构特征规律进行中文文本校对的方法及其实现的算法。     

Newcomers’ Barriers. . . Is That All? An Analysis of Mentors’ and Newcomers’ Barriers in OSS Projects

Newcomers’ seamless onboarding is important for open collaboration communities, particularly those that leverage outsiders’ contributions to remain sustainable. Nevertheless, previous work shows that OSS newcomers often face several barriers to contribute, which lead them to lose motivation and even give up on contributing. A well-known way to help newcomers overcome initial contribution barriers is mentoring. This strategy has proven effective in offline and online communities, and to some extent has been employed in OSS projects. Studying mentors’ perspectives on the barriers that newcomers face play a vital role in improving onboarding processes; yet, OSS mentors face their own barriers, which hinder the effectiveness of the strategy. Since little is known about the barriers mentors face, in this paper, we investigate the barriers that affect mentors and their newcomer mentees. We interviewed mentors from OSS projects and qualitatively analyzed their answers. We found 44 barriers: 19 that affect mentors; and 34 that affect newcomers (9 affect both newcomers and mentors). Interestingly, most of the barriers we identified (66%) have a social nature. Additionally, we identified 10 strategies that mentors indicated to potentially alleviate some of the barriers. Since gender-related challenges emerged in our analysis, we conducted nine follow-up structured interviews to further explore this perspective. The contributions of this paper include: identifying the barriers mentors face; bringing the unique perspective of mentors on barriers faced by newcomers; unveiling strategies that can be used by mentors to support newcomers; and investigating gender-specific challenges in OSS mentorship. Mentors, newcomers, online communities, and educators can leverage this knowledge to foster new contributors to OSS projects.     

Distributed hardwired barrier synchronization for scalablemultiprocessor clusters

Conventional multiprocessors mostly use centralized, memory-based barriers to synchronize concurrent processes created in multiple processors. These centralized barriers often become the bottleneck or hot spots in the shared memory. In this paper, we overcome the difficulty by presenting a distributed and hardwired barrier architecture, that is hierarchically constructed for fast synchronization in cluster-structured multiprocessors. The hierarchical architecture enables the scalability of cluster-structured multiprocessors. A special set of synchronization primitives is developed for explicit use of distributed barriers dynamically. To show the application of the hardwired barriers, we demonstrate how to synchronize Doall and Doacross loops using a limited number of hardwired barriers. Timing analysis shows an O(10²) to O(10⁵) reduction in synchronization overhead, compared with the use of software-controlled barriers implemented in a shared memory. The hardwired architecture is effective in implementing any partially ordered set of barriers or fuzzy barriers with extended synchronization regions. The versatility, scalability, programmability, and low overhead make the distributed barrier architecture attractive in constructing fine-grain, massively parallel MIMD systems using multiprocessor clusters with distributed shared memory     

Barriers to the adoption of ergonomic innovations to control musculoskeletal disorders and improve performance

Despite a growing number of published articles describing studies of ergonomic interventions, little is known about the barriers potential adopters face when deciding whether or not to adopt such innovations. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to examine the barriers identified by potential adopters of ergonomic innovations and compare barriers identified by individuals not interested in adopting to those identified by individuals planning to adopt. Eight hundred forty-eight fresh market vegetable farmers were mailed surveys measuring the adoption of and barriers to the adoption of several ergonomic innovations as part of a multi-year intervention study. Barriers such as cost, lack of information, never having seen the innovation used and not being able to try out the innovation were among the barriers identified. The barriers identified were moderated by whether or not the respondents were likely to adopt. Implications for diffusing ergonomic and safety innovations are discussed.     

Perceived barriers to effective knowledge sharing in agile software teams

While the literature offers several frameworks that explain barriers to knowledge sharing within software development teams, little is known about differences in how team members perceive these barriers. Based on an in‐depth multi‐case study of four software projects, we investigate how project managers, developers, testers and user representatives think about barriers to effective knowledge sharing in agile development. Adapting comparative causal mapping, we constructed causal maps for each of the four roles and identified overlap and divergence in map constructs and causal linkages. The results indicate that despite certain similarities, the four roles differ in how they perceive and emphasize knowledge‐sharing barriers. The project managers put primary emphasis on project setting barriers, while the primary concern of developers, testers and user representatives were project communication, project organization and team capabilities barriers, respectively. Integrating the four causal maps and the agile literature, we propose a conceptual framework with seven types of knowledge‐sharing barriers and 37 specific barriers. We argue that to bridge communication gaps and create shared understanding in software teams, it is critical to take the revealed concerns of different roles into account. We conclude by discussing our findings in relation to knowledge sharing in agile teams and software teams more generally.     

Learning barriers diagnosis based on fuzzy rules for adaptive learning systems

To diagnose learning barriers of learners is an important research topic of adaptive learning systems. In recent years, some methods have been presented for diagnosing learning problems of learners for adaptive learning systems. In this paper, we present a new method to diagnose learning barriers of learners based on fuzzy rules. The proposed method evaluates the learning degree and infers the probability of learning barriers of the learners based on fuzzy rules. It provides us a useful way to diagnose the learning barriers of the learners in adaptive learning systems.     

A broader view on the limitations of information processing and communication by nature

Several new and broader views on computation in Nature and by Nature, and on its limitations and barriers are presented and analysed briefly. Quantum information precessing, global network information processing and cosmology-based information processing theories are seen as three extreme, but well-founded approaches to computation by Nature. It is also emphasized that a search for barriers and limitations in information processing as well as attempts to overcome their barriers or to shift limitations, can have deep impacts on science, especially if they are accompanied by a search for limitations and barriers also in communication and security. It is demonstrated that a search for barriers in communications brings a lot of interesting and deep outcomes. Computational and communication complexity is shown to play an important role in evaluating various approaches to get through barriers that current physical theories impose. It is also argued that a search for barriers and limitations concerning feasibility in information processing and physical worlds are of equal or maybe even of larger importance than those to overcome the Church-Turing barrier and some communication barriers. It is also emphasized that relations between information processing in the real and virtual worlds, or between physical and information worlds, are likely very deep and more complex than realized. All that has even broader sense than usually realized because we are witnessing a radical shift in the main characterization of the current science in general. A shift from so called Galilean science dominated by mathematics, to the Informatics (based) science - an informatics methodology based science and technology. This is an extended version of a paper (Thies et al. 2006) that appeared in the 12th International Meeting on DNA Computing, June, 2006.     

Software Process Improvement barriers: A cross-cultural comparison

ContextSoftware Process Improvement initiatives have been around for many years with the growing globalisation of software development is making them increasingly important.ObjectiveThe objective of this exploratory research is to gain an in-depth understanding of barriers that can undermine SPI, in the context of Global Software Development, from the perspective of software development practitioners; this will enable SPI managers to better manage SPI initiatives. We intend to discover if the barriers to SPI initiatives in a developed country are different to those in a developing country.MethodIn an empirical study, Vietnamese software practitioners’ experiences of SPI barriers are compared with barriers identified by Australian practitioners. Face-to-face questionnaire-based survey sessions with 23 Vietnamese SPI practitioners were conducted. Our survey included barriers to SPI improvement initiatives identified in previous research. We asked the participants to rank each SPI barrier on a three-point scale (high, medium, low) to determine the importance of each barrier. We then compare our results, with results (identified in previous work), from 34 Australian software development practitioners.ResultsWe identify (1) lack of project management, (2) lack of resources, (3) lack of sponsorship, (4) inexperienced staff/lack of knowledge, and (5) lack of SPI awareness as ‘high’ value SPI barriers in Vietnam. The results also reveal similarities and differences between the experiences of Australian and Vietnamese practitioners regarding the importance of the SPI barriers identified. While the Australian practitioners were also concerned with (1) lack of SPI awareness, they were even more concerned with (2) organisational politics, and (3) lack of support.ConclusionsPractitioners identify SPI barriers based on previous SPI implementation experience. Their role(s) in their different organisations have helped them to understand the importance of that barrier. Vietnamese software practitioners cited more SPI barriers than their counterparts in Australia. The Vietnamese SPI barriers relate to project management, resources, and sponsorship while the Australian barriers are concerned with organisational politics and lack of support.     

Cross lingual speech emotion recognition via triple attentive asymmetric convolutional neural network

The application of cross‐corpus for speech emotion recognition (SER) via domain adaptation methods have gain high acknowledgment for developing good robust emotion recognition systems using different corpora or datasets. However, the issue of cross‐lingual still remains a challenge in SER and needs more attention to resolve the scenario of applying different language types in both training and testing. In this paper, we propose a triple attentive asymmetric convolutional neural network to address the recognition of emotions for cross‐lingual and cross‐corpus speech in an unsupervised approach. The proposed method adopts the joint supervision of softmax loss and center loss to learn high power discriminative feature representations for target domain via the use of high quality pseudo‐labels. The proposed model uses three attentive convolutional neural networks asymmetrically, where two of the networks are used to artificially label unlabeled target samples as a result of their predictions from training on source labeled samples and the other network is used to obtain salient target discriminative features from the pseudo‐labeled target samples. We evaluate our proposed method on three different language types (i.e., English, German, and Italian) data sets. The experimental results indicate that, our proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy over other state‐of‐the‐art methods.     

How Award‐Winning SMEs Manage the Barriers to Innovation

Much attention has been focused on increasing the so‐called ‘innovation quotient’ of national manufacturing economies. In particular, there has been widespread interest in revealing and examining those barriers that impede innovation, the suggestion being that the removal of such barriers constitutes a prerequisite for successful innovation. This study reports on the experiences of eight firms who had received a UK Design Council ‘millennium product’ award for ‘groundbreaking’ innovation. The implication of the award is that these firms should have overcome any barriers they faced and therefore act as exemplars of how to manage innovative new product development. However, the research shows that the firms were as likely to ignore barriers as they were to address them. Living with a barrier as an alternative to overcoming it is clearly an acceptable strategy for a number of these award winners. The study reports on how the firms managed the various barriers that they encountered.     

Constructing online switching barriers: examining the effects of switching costs and alternative attractiveness on e-store loyalty in online pure-play retailers

Developing switching barriers to retain customers has become a critical marketing strategy for online retailers. However, research on the role of switching barriers in e-retailing is still limited. Recent trends show that when competitors are just one click away, it is questionable if customer loyalty can be achieved at all in online environments. This leads to the research question on whether switching barriers have any impact on e-loyalty in pure-play retailers. The paper examines the influence of switching barriers on customer retention (i.e., e-store loyalty) and further investigates the moderating effects of switching costs and alternative attractiveness. Data were gathered via a survey of 590 shoppers of online pure-play retailers in the UK. Findings show that customer satisfaction and the two dimensions of switching barriers (perceived switching costs and perceived attractiveness of alternatives) significantly influence customer loyalty. Contrary to findings in earlier studies, it was found that switching costs did not moderate the relationships between satisfaction and loyalty nor between perceived attractiveness of alternatives and loyalty. The paper makes imperative recommendations to develop switching barriers and to foster loyalty along with suggestions for future research.     

机器人避障过程中的切点计算公式及其应用

在已知出发点、避障点、目标点的坐标以及避障半径的情况下,通过切点坐标及直线与弧线长度的确定（这些将在正文中分别加以明确地界定）,本文分别计算了机器人绕过一个至两个避障点至目标点的最短路径。最后,本研究给出了切点的计算公式和计算程序,建立了计算机器人从出发点绕多个避障点到目标点的最短行走路径模型。     

A systematic literature review on the barriers faced by newcomers to open source software projects

ContextNumerous open source software projects are based on volunteers collaboration and require a continuous influx of newcomers for their continuity. Newcomers face barriers that can lead them to give up. These barriers hinder both developers willing to make a single contribution and those willing to become a project member.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify and classify the barriers that newcomers face when contributing to open source software projects.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature review of papers reporting empirical evidence regarding the barriers that newcomers face when contributing to open source software (OSS) projects. We retrieved 291 studies by querying 4 digital libraries. Twenty studies were identified as primary. We performed a backward snowballing approach, and searched for other papers published by the authors of the selected papers to identify potential studies. Then, we used a coding approach inspired by open coding and axial coding procedures from Grounded Theory to categorize the barriers reported by the selected studies.ResultsWe identified 20 studies providing empirical evidence of barriers faced by newcomers to OSS projects while making a contribution. From the analysis, we identified 15 different barriers, which we grouped into five categories: social interaction, newcomers’ previous knowledge, finding a way to start, documentation, and technical hurdles. We also classified the problems with regard to their origin: newcomers, community, or product.ConclusionThe results are useful to researchers and OSS practitioners willing to investigate or to implement tools to support newcomers. We mapped technical and non-technical barriers that hinder newcomers’ first contributions. The most evidenced barriers are related to socialization, appearing in 75% (15 out of 20) of the studies analyzed, with a high focus on interactions in mailing lists (receiving answers and socialization with other members). There is a lack of in-depth studies on technical issues, such as code issues. We also noticed that the majority of the studies relied on historical data gathered from software repositories and that there was a lack of experiments and qualitative studies in this area.     

Trends in predicted chemoselectivity of cytochrome P450 oxidation: B3LYP barrier heights for epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions

Prediction of epoxide formation in drug metabolism is a difficult but important task, as epoxide formation is linked to drug toxicity. A comparison of the energy barriers for cytochrome P450 mediated epoxidation of alkenes to the barriers for the hydroxylation of an aliphatic carbon atom next to a double bond has been performed using B3LYP and B3LYP-D3. Relevant experimental data on oxidation selectivity has also been assessed. The results show that density functional theory, when using B3LYP-D3, does well in reproducing the experimental trends. Considering that the comparison involves chemical steps with quite different features this is remarkable. We also find that B3LYP consistently underestimates the hydrogen abstraction barriers relative to the epoxidation barriers, and that including a dispersion correction reduces this problem.     

Barriers to continuance use of cloud computing: Evidence from two case studies

Continuous use of cloud computing and cloud sourcing has received limited research attention compared to cloud adoption. There are indications that cloud sourcing benefits are not easy to reap in continuous use for companies, calling for more research on the continuance use of cloud computing. The current study is one of the first studies of the continuance use of cloud computing processes at the organizational level, contributing to the management and business research literature on cloud computing. In particular, the present study has contributed with two case studies verifying the existence of barriers and more importantly identifying an additional type of barrier: management process barriers (MP), i.e., lack of objectives and strategies for cloud sourcing and lack of organizing cloud vendor communication. Overcoming or reducing management process barriers guides the continuance use of cloud computing process in a strategic direction for the company and enables cloud-related innovation. As a contribution, our research builds on and extends extant research by providing a TOMPE framework of barriers to the continuance use of cloud computing (based and modified from the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, by complementing it with the identified management process barriers).     

Information technology diffusion: building positive barriers

This paper demonstrates how to build positive barriers to the diffusion of an information technology innovation. Positive barriers are desirable elements that disable the diffusion of an innovation to an undesired set of potential adopters. System developers are motivated in many ways to construct such positive barriers, for example, by security and privacy of proprietary innovations. This paper draws on the broad research that has illuminated the enabling factors in the diffusion of information technology, and shows how selected examples of these factors can also be applied in usefully constructing barriers against diffusion.