Y对AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钇（Y）对AZ91D镁合金铸态及热处理态的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Y会强烈地细化合金组织，并在合金中生成方块状的Al6Mn6Y相及杆状的Al2Y相。少量的Y能显著提高合金的力学性能，当Y含量（质量分数）达到1．5％时，合金得到最佳的力学性能。另外，含Y的AZ91D合金固溶处理后硬度及抗拉强度皆高于原AZ91D合金，并且Y会推迟镁合金的时效过程，延长时效峰值的到来时间。     

Sr对AZ91D镁合金半固态等温热处理后的组织的影响

通过对等温热处理温度和时间等工艺参数的控制，研究了变质剂Sr对AZ91D镁合金半固态等温热处理后组织的影响。结果表明，随着等温时间的延长，未变质处理的合金组织将由树枝晶变成近球状组织，而经Sr变质处理的合金组织将由树枝晶变成细小的球状组织，都将逐渐合并长大。等温热处理过程中，树枝晶经历了熔断、粒状化、球化和粗化。     

变质处理镁合金在SIMA法中的组织演变

试验研究了经过变质处理的AZ91D镁合金利用SIMA法制备半固态浆料,在等温热处理过程中的组织演变。结果表明:在AZ91D镁合金中加入Ce、Sb和两者的混合物后,合金铸态组织明显细化,添加0.6%(Ce Sb)的混合物,能得到较好的细化效果,晶粒尺寸为60～70μm。变质处理可促进形变合金组织中的初生相在半固态等温热处理过程中由枝晶向粒状晶的转变,获得更加细小并且均匀的球状组织(50～55μm),可以满足后续的半固态成形的基本要求。     

电磁铸造对AZ91D合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了电磁场对AZ91D合金组织的影响 ,分析和测试了AZ91D合金挤压变形后的组织及性能。结果表明 :电磁搅拌使AZ91D合金枝晶组织发生球化和细化 ,β Mg17Al12 相数量增加 ,并使Zn元素在 β Mg17Al12 相的偏聚倾向降低 ;挤压成形后的合金极限抗拉强度高达 2 85MPa,比压铸合金提高 30 %,延伸率为 12 %,是压铸合金的 2倍多。     

P变质对Si合金化AZ91镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜等现代分析测试手段研究了Al-P中间合金变质处理对AZ91 0.7%Si合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:AZ91 0.7%Si合金中加入一定量的Al-P中间合金变质处理后,Mg2Si的形貌发生了显著变化,由汉字状变为细小的颗粒状,其颗粒的平均尺寸为6~10μm,且基体组织的平均晶粒尺寸由原来的100μm减小到45μm左右,β-Mg17Al12相出现不同程度的断网,从而使AZ91 0.7%Si合金的力学性能得到显著提高。说明Al-P中间合金对Si合金化的AZ91镁合金具有很好的变质强化功效,是一种Mg2Si化合物的强化粒化剂。     

熔体处理及电磁搅拌对AZ91D合金组织的影响

利用金相显微分析等手段，研究了熔体处理及电磁搅拌对AZ91D合金组织的影响。结果表明，C粉对AZ91D合金晶粒具有明显的细化作用，优于C2Cl6和Al—10Sr间合金，无水FeCl3、Al-5Ti—B测效果甚微。熔体处理与电磁搅拌复合作用使AZ91D合金晶粒转化为均匀细小的类球状半固态组织，作用优于单纯的电磁搅拌。     

Y对AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的影响

通过DMA等手段研究了Y元素对AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段研究了不同Y含量下AZ91D合金的显微组织,在此基础上分析了显微组织与阻尼性能的关系.结果显示:Y元素能明显细化AZ91D合金的组织,随着Y含量的增加.β相逐渐变得细小、弥散,且合金中会出现弥散分布的A12Y相,根据G-L位错模型理论,固溶在α-Mg基体中的Y原子对合金中的位错线构成弱钉扎,A12Y等含Y合金相对合金中位错线构成强钉扎,且组织细化后合金中位错线相互缠结,导致AZ91D合金阻尼性能下降明显.     

AZ91D镁合金研究新进展

分析了国内外有关AZ91D镁合金铸态组织与合金相、热处理以及合金元素对铸态组织及合金相的影响等方面的最新研究;综述了力学性能的提高与改善的方法和效果;介绍了AZ91D镁合金表面金属涂层处理技术的新进展以及半固态处理技术在AZ91D镁合金上应用的新进展。     

Y对AZ91D合金的组织与性能影响研究

采用消失模铸造的方法制备了不同Y含量的AZ91D合金,研究了Y含量对AZ91D合金铸态组织、物相组成和力学性能的影响,并分析了Y元素的存在形式和作用机理。结果表明,在AZ91D合金中添加Y元素可以细化合金铸态组织,在Y含量为1%时AZ91D+Y合金的铸态组织可以达到最好细化效果;在合金中添加1%Y后,不仅会改变合金中β-Mg17Al12相的尺寸和分布,还会形成Al2Y相;在AZ91D合金中添加Y元素后,合金的抗拉强度、断后伸长率和布氏硬度都得到不同程度提高,在Y含量达到1%时取得最大值。     

基于消失模铸造的AZ91D镁合金振动改性研究

研究了机械振动处理技术对AZ91D镁合金在消失模铸造条件下组织形貌以及力学性能的影响，并探讨了振动细化机理。结果表明：机械振动能显著地细化AZ91D合金的铸态组织，改善其力学性能，提高其抗拉强度，当激振力为1．5kN时，合金抗拉强度最高，而当激振力进一步增加时，由于组织中出现微观缩松，强度有所降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。