Stochastic analysis for the recursive median filter process

Vector probability measure functions (density function) for recursively median filtered signals are found when the underlying input binary sequences are either independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) or Markov chains. The results are parametric in the window size of the filter and in the probability distribution of the input sequence. Using statistical threshold decomposition, the same results are found for discrete alphabet random sequences that are either i.i.d. or Markov chains. Some examples illustrating the efficacy of the recursive median filter relative to the nonrecursive implementation are presented. In particular, the breakdown probabilities are tabulated for both recursive and nonrecursive median filters     

一种针对图像脉冲噪声的改进中值滤波算法

针对中值滤波算法在图像脉冲噪声处理中存在的不足,提出一种新的改进中值滤波算法.该方法根据噪声图像的极值和像素点滤波窗口的局部信息对滤波窗口内像素点(含待处理像素点)是否为噪声点进行判断,剔除滤波窗口内的噪声点,然后根据新的滤波窗口及待滤波的中心像素点灰度值信息进行滤波操作.以迭代的方法更新噪声图像中的每个像素点,从而去除图像中的脉冲噪声.实验结果表明,与传统中值、加权中值、多级中值滤波方法相比,该方法能有效去除图像中的脉冲噪声,并保持图像细节特征完整.     

Topological median filters

This paper describes the definition and testing of a new type of median filter for images. The topological median filter implements some existing ideas and some new ideas on fuzzy connectedness to improve, over a conventional median filter, the extraction of edges in noise. The concept of alpha-connectivity is defined and used to create an algorithm for computing the degree of connectedness of a pixel to all the other pixels in an arbitrary neighborhood. The resulting connectivity map of the neighborhood effectively disconnects peaks in the neighborhood that are separated from the center pixel by a valley in the brightness topology. The median of the connectivity map is an estimate of the median of the peak or plateau to which the center pixel belongs. Unlike the conventional median filter, the topological median is relatively unaffected by disconnected features in the neighborhood of the center pixel. Four topological median filters are defined. Qualitative and statistical analyses of the four filters are presented. It is demonstrated that edge detection can be more accurate on topologically median filtered images than on conventionally median filtered images.     

On the application of averaging median filters in remote sensing

The application of averaging median filters to remote sensing has been investigated, and the results are presented with some discussion and recommendations. Averaging median filters can be considered as a subclass of the standard median filters. For image processing purposes, a two-dimensional window is first filtered by a number of average filters, and the final result of the averaging filters is equal to the median of the central pixel value and the averaging filter results. Applications of this averaging median filter to Landsat images are presented, and the results show that the fine details are preserved while attenuating the impulsing noise     

Median-prefiltering-based robust acquisition of direct-sequencespread-spectrum signals in wide-band pulse jamming

We propose robust acquisition schemes for chip time-synchronous direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) signals in wide-band pulse jamming. To mitigate the performance degradation due to the impulse-like wide-band jamming signal, the received signal is preprocessed by employing simple order statistic filters. We consider the use of two types of median filtering schemes: a running median filter operating at a chip rate and a block median filter processing the received signal sampled at an oversampling rate. For analytic design, the partial correlation of median filtered pseudonoise (PN) signals is approximated by a piecewise linear model using an upper bound. The analytic design is verified by computer simulation. Finally, the acquisition performance of the proposed schemes is compared to that of conventional schemes     

基于投影数据非单调性全变分恢复的低剂量CT重建

为获取低剂量CT图像的优质重建,本文提出一种基于投影数据非单调性全变分恢复的低剂量CT重建方法.新方法首先通过非线性Anscombe变换将满足Poisson分布的投影数据转化为近似Gaussian分布,其后对变换后的Gaussian型数据进行非单调性全变分最小化算法（Nonmonotone Total Variatio...     

Optimal weighted median filtering under structural constraints

A new expression for the output moments of weighted median filtered data is derived. The noise attenuation capability of a weighted median filter can now be assessed using the L-vector and M-vector parameters in the new expression. The second major contribution of the paper is the development of a new optimality theory for weighted median filters. This theory is based on the new expression for the output moments, and combines the noise attenuation and some structural constraints on the filter's behavior. In certain special cases, the optimal weighted median filter can be obtained by merely solving a set of linear inequalities. This leads in some cases to closed form solutions for optimal weighted median filters. Some applications of the theory developed in this paper, in 1-D signal processing and image processing are discussed. Throughout the analysis, some striking similarities are pointed out between linear FIR filters and weighted median filters     

由数据统计特性检测噪声的中值滤波算法

为了改善中值滤波的滤波效果,提出了一种基于数据统计特性进行噪声检测的中值滤波算法,采用通过数据的离散程度检测出噪声点,仅仅对噪声点进行中值滤波的方法,对实验激光图像进行处理,计算了各算法处理图像的散斑指数、峰值信噪比和归一化均方误差,比较了它们的散斑抑制能力。结果表明,新方法确实具有滤波优势。     

中值滤波技术在图像处理中的应用

中值滤波是一种非线性滤波方法。为了在尽可能消除或衰减噪声的同时很好地保留图像细节，提出一种对信号与噪声分别处理的中值滤波法，并在图像处理中应用。与常用的中值滤波法相比，采用该方法处理的图像其信噪比可以显著提高。     

复合滤波在三维电子罗盘输出数据处理中的应用

三维电子罗盘在长距离数据传输过程中,将受到外界噪声的干扰。该噪声不仅含有高斯噪声,还含有脉冲噪声。介绍一种抑制噪声干扰的复合数据滤波方法,即先利用一种非线性滤波器——中值滤波器,消除脉冲噪声,然后再利用FIR低通滤波器,对其进行平滑处理。与传统的直接采用线性滤波器的滤波结果相比较,该方法的滤波效果更为理想。     

基于形态学图像融合的目标检测方法

提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波、噪声污染的红外图像目标检测算法。采用多尺度的形态算子对输入的图像进行并行滤波，既抑制噪声又能提取目标边缘细节。对并行处理后的图像进行基于树状小波帧变换的图像信息融合。仿真实验表明，该算法要优于传统的小波、中值滤波算法，适用于舰载红外警戒系统。     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的椒盐噪声滤波

基于脉冲耦合神经网络,提出了一种有效的椒盐噪声图像滤波算法.首先利用PCNN相似群神经元同步发放脉冲的特性检测噪声,并给出了神经元参数的估计方法.然后考虑到噪声点应和最近的非噪声点最相似,提出了一种扩展窗口中值滤波算法对噪声点进行滤波.仿真表明,本文提出的方法对不同强度的噪声图像均体现了优异的滤波性能,和相关的中值滤波算法相比也体现了相当明显的优势.     

用于DMD显示系统的运动自适应去隔行技术

介绍基于数字微镜器件数字微镜器件显示系统的去隔行技术.去隔行算法通过对帧间差别的中值滤波完成运动自适应内插.位平面数据流经脉宽调制以逐行扫描速率驱动DMD显示.扫描行视频处理器可实时完成该功能.     

非线性调频信号的自适应时频滤波算法

针对传统的时域或频域滤波算法对非线性调频信号滤波去噪效果不好的问题,本文提出了一种时频域内非线性调频信号的自适应滤波去噪算法。首先对原信号进行广义S变换获得其时频分布,接下来利用有效信号时频分布特性选取时频通域,构造区域滤波算子并去除掉时频通域外的噪声分量的时频分布;然后利用有效信号分量的时频聚集性构造自适应时频滤波算子,对含有随机噪声的有效信号分量进行滤波处理,得到滤波去噪后的信号的时频分布;最后利用广义S逆变换将处理后的时频分布变换到时间域,得到滤波去噪后的信号。通过仿真实验的结果可知,本文提出的算法在非线性调频信号的滤波去噪和有效特性保持方面取得了较好的效果。      

2.52 THz傅里叶数字全息中噪声影响仿真

傅里叶数字全息具有抗撕毁性等优点,如能应用于太赫兹(THz)成像将具有重要意义。根据现有面阵探测器参数进行了2.52 THz傅里叶数字全息仿真实验,通过对目标分别添加高斯噪声和椒盐噪声后再现,研究了目标噪声对其影响。实验结果证明,高斯噪声方差小于0.20时,再现像虽然受到噪声影响但完全可以分辨,经过均值滤波和中值滤波后,图像轮廓变得清晰;当高斯噪声方差大于0.20时,再现像淹没在噪声中,滤波难以分辨出目标,且均值滤波比中值滤波效果好;当椒盐噪声密度为0.20时,目标的再现像被淹没,均值滤波和中值滤波均能使目标重新被观察到,且均值滤波效果相对较好。     

一种形态金字塔扫描图像去噪方法

为了消除或衰减扫描图像的噪声,同时尽可能保留图像细节,提出了一种数学形态学金字塔扫描图像降噪方法。使用形态金字塔算法将扫描图像逐级分解,在不同分辨率空间中对细节信息集进行滤波处理,用处理后的细节信息重图像。仿真结果表明该算法是有效的,同传统的中值滤波相比,能够更好地消除扫描噪声、保留边缘。     

Properties of nonrecursive digital filtered ternary maximal length pseudo-random sequences

It is shown that a filtered ternary m-sequence has no skewing in amplitude distribution, zero autocorrelation function, and the cross-correlation between the sequence itself and the sequence squared is also zero. Some useful properties of ternary m-sequence are also listed.     

基于后向投影的目标实时跟踪系统设计

设计一种基于DSP-TMS320VC5416与FPGA的实时图像跟踪系统.该系统首先采用FPGA实现对图像数据的3×3中值滤波,滤波后数据采用乒乓操作的方式传输给DSP处理器.在跟踪算法上采用了直方图作为目标特征,使用直方图后向投影方法实现对动态目标的跟踪.采用浮点数定点化处理,提高了算法的运行速度.实际结果应用表明:该系统具有良好的实时性与稳定性.     

A novel method for beat-to-beat detection of ventricular late potentials

A novel method for beat-to-beat detection of ventricular late potentials (VLP) from high-resolution electrocardiograms (ECGs) is presented. ECG signals from the X lead are first filtered using a bandpass filter, and then a time-sequence adaptive filter, to improve its signal-to-noise ratio. Eight features are extracted using wavelet transform, from the VLP time-frequency distribution of the filtered ECG signals, and used as inputs of specially designed artificial neural network for VLP recognition. The artificial neural network was trained and tested using clinical data, respectively. The results show that the presented method can detect beat-to-beat-based VLP with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 77%, and the detection accuracy is 78%.